Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor （KIR） genes can regulate the activation of NK and T cells upon interaction with HLA class I molecules. Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection has been regarded as a multi-factorial d...Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor （KIR） genes can regulate the activation of NK and T cells upon interaction with HLA class I molecules. Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection has been regarded as a multi-factorial disorder disease. Previous studies revealed that KIRs were involved in HCV and HIV infection or clearance. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of the inheritance of KIR genotypes and haplotypes as a candidate for susceptibility to persistent HBV infection or HBV clearance. The sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction （SSP-PCR） was employed to identify the KIR genes and pseudogenes in 150 chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients, 251 spontaneously recovered （SR） controls, and 412 healthy controls. The frequencies of genotype G7 M, FZ1 increased in CHB patients compared with healthy control subjects. The frequency of genotype AH was higher in SR controls than that in both CHB patients and healthy controls. The carriage frequencies of genotype G and AH were higher; while, the frequencies of AF and AJ were lower in SR controls than those in healthy control subjects. The frequency of A haplotype was lower, whereas, the frequency of B haplotype was higher in CHB patients and SR controls than those in healthy controls. In healthy controls, haplotype 4 was found lower compared with that in CHB patients and SR controls and the frequency of haplotype 5 was higher in SR controls than that in other two groups. Based on these findings, it seems that the genotypes M and FZ1 are HBV susceptive genotypes; AH, on the other hand, may be protective genotypes that facilitate the clearance of HBV. It appears that the haplotype 4 is HBV susceptive haplotype, whereas, haplotype 5 may be the protective haplotype that facilitates the clearance of HBV. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008;5（6）：457-463.展开更多
The family of pairwise independently determined （PID） systems, i.e., those for which the independent joining is the only self joining with independent 2-marginals, is a class of systems for which the long standing o...The family of pairwise independently determined （PID） systems, i.e., those for which the independent joining is the only self joining with independent 2-marginals, is a class of systems for which the long standing open question by Rokhlin, of whether mixing implies mixing of all orders, has a positive answer. We show that in the class of weakly mixing PID one finds a positive answer for another long-standing open problem, whether the multiple ergodic averagesalmost surely converge.展开更多
The regionally proximal relation of order d along arithmetic progressions,namely AP[d]for d 2 N,is introduced and investigated.It turns out that if(X;T)is a topological dynamical system with AP[d]=Δ,then each ergodic...The regionally proximal relation of order d along arithmetic progressions,namely AP[d]for d 2 N,is introduced and investigated.It turns out that if(X;T)is a topological dynamical system with AP[d]=Δ,then each ergodic measure of(X;T)is isomorphic to a d-step pro-nilsystem,and thus(X;T)has zero entropy.Moreover,it is shown that if(X;T)is a strictly ergodic distal system with the property that the maximal topological and measurable d-step pro-nilsystems are isomorphic,then AP[d]=RP[d]for each d 2 N.It follows that for a minimal 1-pro-nilsystem,AP[d]=RP[d]for each d 2 N.An example which is a strictly ergodic distal system with discrete spectrum whose maximal equicontinuous factor is not isomorphic to the Kronecker factor is constructed.展开更多
The Jewett-Krieger theorem states that each ergodic system has a strictlyergodic topological model.In this article,we show that for an ergodic system onemay require more properties on its strictly ergodic model.For ex...The Jewett-Krieger theorem states that each ergodic system has a strictlyergodic topological model.In this article,we show that for an ergodic system onemay require more properties on its strictly ergodic model.For example,the orbitclosure of points in diagonal under face transforms may be also strictly ergodic.Asan application,we show the pointwise convergence of ergodic averages along cubes,which was firstly proved by Assani(J Anal Math 110:241-269,2010).展开更多
In this paper we give a new and elementary proof to the following fact:each closed orientable surface of positive genus admits a both chaotic and expansive homeomorphism.Further more,we show that the homeomorphisms gi...In this paper we give a new and elementary proof to the following fact:each closed orientable surface of positive genus admits a both chaotic and expansive homeomorphism.Further more,we show that the homeomorphisms given are also weakly mixing.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30371304)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (YZ2006C72) to Dr. Y.R. Zhao
文摘Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor （KIR） genes can regulate the activation of NK and T cells upon interaction with HLA class I molecules. Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection has been regarded as a multi-factorial disorder disease. Previous studies revealed that KIRs were involved in HCV and HIV infection or clearance. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of the inheritance of KIR genotypes and haplotypes as a candidate for susceptibility to persistent HBV infection or HBV clearance. The sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction （SSP-PCR） was employed to identify the KIR genes and pseudogenes in 150 chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients, 251 spontaneously recovered （SR） controls, and 412 healthy controls. The frequencies of genotype G7 M, FZ1 increased in CHB patients compared with healthy control subjects. The frequency of genotype AH was higher in SR controls than that in both CHB patients and healthy controls. The carriage frequencies of genotype G and AH were higher; while, the frequencies of AF and AJ were lower in SR controls than those in healthy control subjects. The frequency of A haplotype was lower, whereas, the frequency of B haplotype was higher in CHB patients and SR controls than those in healthy controls. In healthy controls, haplotype 4 was found lower compared with that in CHB patients and SR controls and the frequency of haplotype 5 was higher in SR controls than that in other two groups. Based on these findings, it seems that the genotypes M and FZ1 are HBV susceptive genotypes; AH, on the other hand, may be protective genotypes that facilitate the clearance of HBV. It appears that the haplotype 4 is HBV susceptive haplotype, whereas, haplotype 5 may be the protective haplotype that facilitates the clearance of HBV. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008;5（6）：457-463.
基金supported by the National Science Center(Poland)grant 2013/08/A/ST1/00275 the the National Science Center(Poland)grant 2016/22/E/ST1/00448+1 种基金supported by NNSF of China(Grant Nos.11371339,11431012,11571335 and 11225105)"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"
文摘The family of pairwise independently determined （PID） systems, i.e., those for which the independent joining is the only self joining with independent 2-marginals, is a class of systems for which the long standing open question by Rokhlin, of whether mixing implies mixing of all orders, has a positive answer. We show that in the class of weakly mixing PID one finds a positive answer for another long-standing open problem, whether the multiple ergodic averagesalmost surely converge.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11431012,11971455,11571335 and 11371339).
文摘The regionally proximal relation of order d along arithmetic progressions,namely AP[d]for d 2 N,is introduced and investigated.It turns out that if(X;T)is a topological dynamical system with AP[d]=Δ,then each ergodic measure of(X;T)is isomorphic to a d-step pro-nilsystem,and thus(X;T)has zero entropy.Moreover,it is shown that if(X;T)is a strictly ergodic distal system with the property that the maximal topological and measurable d-step pro-nilsystems are isomorphic,then AP[d]=RP[d]for each d 2 N.It follows that for a minimal 1-pro-nilsystem,AP[d]=RP[d]for each d 2 N.An example which is a strictly ergodic distal system with discrete spectrum whose maximal equicontinuous factor is not isomorphic to the Kronecker factor is constructed.
基金NNSF for Distinguished Young Schooler(11225105)all authors aresupported by NNSF of China(11371339,11431012,11571335)and by the Fundamental Research Fundsfor the Central Universities.
文摘The Jewett-Krieger theorem states that each ergodic system has a strictlyergodic topological model.In this article,we show that for an ergodic system onemay require more properties on its strictly ergodic model.For example,the orbitclosure of points in diagonal under face transforms may be also strictly ergodic.Asan application,we show the pointwise convergence of ergodic averages along cubes,which was firstly proved by Assani(J Anal Math 110:241-269,2010).
基金The first author is supported by the Special Foundation of National Prior Basis Research of China(Grant No.G1999075108)the second author is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11171320 and 11431012).
文摘In this paper we give a new and elementary proof to the following fact:each closed orientable surface of positive genus admits a both chaotic and expansive homeomorphism.Further more,we show that the homeomorphisms given are also weakly mixing.
