Monitoring agricultural drought using remote sensing data is crucial for precision irrigation in modern agriculture.Utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing,we explored the applicability of an empirical cr...Monitoring agricultural drought using remote sensing data is crucial for precision irrigation in modern agriculture.Utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing,we explored the applicability of an empirical crop water stress index(CWSI)based on canopy temperature and three-dimensional drought indices(TDDI)constructed from surface temperature(T_(s)),air temperature(T_(a))and five vegetation indices(VIs)for monitoring the moisture status of dryland crops.Three machine learning algorithms(random forest regression(RFR),support vector regression,and partial least squares regression)were used to compare the performance of the drought indices for vegetation moisture content(VMC)estimation in sorghum and maize.The main results of the study were as follows:(1)Comparative analysis of the drought indices revealed that T_(s)-T_(a)-normalized difference vegetation index(TDDIn)and T_(s)-T_(a)-enhanced vegetation index(TDDIe)were more strongly correlated with VMC compared with the other indices.The indices exhibited varying sensitivities to VMC under different irrigation regimes;the strongest correlation observed was for the TDDIe index with maize under the fully irrigated treatment(r=-0.93).(2)Regarding spatial and temporal characteristics,the TDDIn,TDDIe and CWSI indices showed minimal differences Over the experimental period,with coefficients of variation were 0.25,0.18 and 0.24,respectively.All three indices were capable of effectively characterizing the moisture distribution in dryland maize and sorghum crops,but the TDDI indices more accurately monitored the spatial distribution of crop moisture after a rainfall or irrigation event.(3)For prediction of the moisture content of single crops,RFR models based on TDDIn and TDDIe estimated VMC most accurately(R^(2)>0.7),and the TDDIn-based model predicted VMC with the highest accuracy when considering multiple-crop samples,with R^(2)and RMSE of 0.62 and 14.26%,respectively.Thus,TDDI proved more effective than the CWSI in estimating crop water content.展开更多
Rapid advancements in flexible electronics technology propel soft tactile sensing devices toward high-level biointegration,even attaining tactile perception capabilities surpassing human skin.However,the inherent mech...Rapid advancements in flexible electronics technology propel soft tactile sensing devices toward high-level biointegration,even attaining tactile perception capabilities surpassing human skin.However,the inherent mechanical mismatch resulting from deficient biomimetic mechanical properties of sensing materials poses a challenge to the application of wearable tactile sensing devices in human-machine interaction.Inspired by the innate biphasic structure of human subcutaneous tissue,this study discloses a skin-compliant wearable iontronic triboelectric gel via phase separation induced by competitive hydrogen bonding.Solvent-nonsolvent interactions are used to construct competitive hydrogen bonding systems to trigger phase separation,and the resulting soft-hard alternating phase-locked structure confers the iontronic triboelectric gel with Young’s modulus(6.8-281.9 kPa)and high tensile properties(880%)compatible with human skin.The abundance of reactive hydroxyl groups gives the gel excellent tribopositive and self-adhesive properties(peel strength>70 N m^(−1)).The self-powered tactile sensing skin based on this gel maintains favorable interface and mechanical stability with the working object,which greatly ensures the high fidelity and reliability of soft tactile sensing signals.This strategy,enabling skin-compliant design and broad dynamic tunability of the mechanical properties of sensing materials,presents a universal platform for broad applications from soft robots to wearable electronics.展开更多
At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal ...At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare outcomes.Existing behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative outcomes.But welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to positive.In this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human animals.The proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological markers.We also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.展开更多
As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories,agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments.Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum...As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories,agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments.Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum.However,this high level of sunlight transmission may be inappropriate or even harmful for crops with specific photothermal requirements.Modern greenhouses are integrated with agricultural covering materials,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems,and smart irrigation and communication technologies to maximize planting efficiency.This review provides insight into the photothermal requirements of crops and ways to meet these requirements,including new materials based on passive radiative cooling and light scattering,simulations to evaluate the energy consumption and environmental conditions in a greenhouse,and data mining to identify key biological growth factors and thereby improve new covering films.Finally,future challenges and directions for photothermalmanagement agricultural films are elaborated on to bridge the gap between lab-scale research and large-scale practical applications.展开更多
Chinese alligator hatchlings in captivity are fragile and have a high mortality rate within first year.The body mass gain of reptile animals is closely related to their feeding behavior and gut microbiota.This study a...Chinese alligator hatchlings in captivity are fragile and have a high mortality rate within first year.The body mass gain of reptile animals is closely related to their feeding behavior and gut microbiota.This study analyzed the intrinsic factors influencing the allometric growth of Chinese alligator hatchlings based on their body mass gain,feeding behavior,and gut microbiota.This information would enhance the health management of Chinese alligator hatchlings.There was a significant correlation between the total distance moved,the average number of conspecifics nearby,and body mass gain.Chinese alligator hatchlings with a greater growth rate showed greater activity and more independent behavior during feeding than those with a lower growth rate.Moreover,after feeding started,some functions of the gut microbiota showed significant relationships with growth rate and feeding activity.Chinese alligator hatchlings with a greater growth rate showed greater levels of heme biosynthesis than those with a lower growth rate,and feeding activity was inhibited by long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis.These results elucidate the relationships between health,feeding behavior,and the gut microbiota of Chinese alligator hatchlings.Understanding the intrinsic factors of their health and feeding behavior can improve the health management of Chinese alligator hatchlings in captivity for conservation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated bidirectional associations between urate levels and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD).However,it remains unclear whethe...BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated bidirectional associations between urate levels and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD).However,it remains unclear whether the observations are causal because of confounding factors.AIM To investigate the causal associations between urate levels and IBD using bidirec-tional Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS Independent genetic variants for urate levels and IBD were selected as instru-mental variables from published genome-wide association studies(GWASs).Summary statistics for instrument-outcome associations were retrieved from three separate databases for IBD(the UK Biobank,the FinnGen database and a large GWAS meta-analysis)and one for urate levels(a large GWAS meta-analysis).MR analyses included the inverse-variance-weighted method,weighted-median estimator,MR-Egger and sensitivity analyses(MR-PRESSO).A meta-analysis was also conducted to merge the data from separate outcome databases using a fixed-effects model.RESULTS Genetically higher serum urate levels were strongly associated with an increased risk of UC[odds ratio(OR):1.95,95%confidence interval(CI):1.86-2.05]after outlier correction,and the ORs(95%CIs)for IBD and CD were 0.94(95%CI:0.86-1.03)and 0.91(95%CI:0.80-1.04),respectively.Animal studies have confirmed the positive association between urate levels and UC.Moreover,genetically predicted IBD was inversely related to urate levels(OR:0.97,95%CI:0.94-0.99).However,no association was observed between genetically influenced UC or CD and urate levels.CONCLUSION Urate levels might be risk factors for UC,whereas genetically predicted IBD was inversely associated with urate levels.These findings provide essential new insight for treating and preventing IBD.展开更多
Background Postoperative sleep disturbance(PSD)is a common and serious postoperative complication and is associated with poor postoperative outcomes.Aims This study aimed to investigate the effect of transcranial dire...Background Postoperative sleep disturbance(PSD)is a common and serious postoperative complication and is associated with poor postoperative outcomes.Aims This study aimed to investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)on PSD in older patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty.Methods In this prospective,double-blind,pilot,randomised,sham-controlled trial,patients 65 years and over undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty were randomly assigned to receive active tDCS(a-tDCS)or sham tDCS(s-tDCS).The primary outcomes were the objective sleep measures on postoperative nights(N)1 and N2.Results 116 inpatients were assessed for eligibility,and a total of 92 patients were enrolled;47 received a-tDCS and 45 received s-tDCS.tDCS improved PSD by altering the following sleep measures in the a-tDCS and s-tDCS groups;the respective comparisons were as follows:the promotion of rapid eye movement(REM)sleep time on N1(64.5(33.5-105.5)vs 19.0(0.0,45.0)min,F=20.10,p<0.001)and N2(75.0(36.0-120.8)vs 30.0(1.3-59.3)min,F=12.55,p<0.001);the total sleep time on N1(506.0(408.0-561.0)vs 392.0(243.0-483.5)min,F=14.13,p<0.001)and N2(488.5(455.5-548.5)vs 346.0(286.5-517.5)min,F=7.36,p=0.007);the deep sleep time on N1(130.0(103.3-177.0)vs 42.5(9.8-100.8)min,F=24.4,p<0.001)and N2(103.5(46.0-154.8)vs 57.5(23.3-106.5)min,F=8.4,p=0.004);and the percentages of light sleep and REM sleep on N1 and N2(p<0.05 for each).The postoperative depression and anxiety scores did not differ significantly between the two groups.No significant adverse events were reported.Conclusion In older patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty,a single session of anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a potentially prophylactic effect in improving postoperative short-term objective sleep measures.However,this benefit was temporary and was not maintained over time.展开更多
The safety and integrity requirements of aerospace composite structures necessitate real-time health monitoring throughout their service life.To this end,distributed optical fiber sensors utilizing back Rayleigh scatt...The safety and integrity requirements of aerospace composite structures necessitate real-time health monitoring throughout their service life.To this end,distributed optical fiber sensors utilizing back Rayleigh scattering have been extensively deployed in structural health monitoring due to their advantages,such as lightweight and ease of embedding.However,identifying the precise location of damage from the optical fiber signals remains a critical challenge.In this paper,a novel approach which namely Modified Sliding Window Principal Component Analysis(MSWPCA)was proposed to facilitate automatic damage identification and localization via distributed optical fiber sensors.The proposed method is able to extract signal characteristics interfered by measurement noise to improve the accuracy of damage detection.Specifically,we applied the MSWPCA method to monitor and analyze the debonding propagation process in honeycomb sandwich panel structures.Our findings demonstrate that the training model exhibits high precision in detecting the location and size of honeycomb debonding,thereby facilitating reliable and efficient online assessment of the structural health state.展开更多
The oxygen transportation from surrounding air to coating cracks is an important factor in the oxidation and ignition of titanium alloy. In this work, the oxygen transport and surface oxidation of titanium in inclined...The oxygen transportation from surrounding air to coating cracks is an important factor in the oxidation and ignition of titanium alloy. In this work, the oxygen transport and surface oxidation of titanium in inclined cracks of coating under parallel airflow are studied with the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).A boundary scheme of LBM about surface reaction is developed. The conversion factors are utilized to build the relationship between the physical scale and the lattice scale. The reliability of the LBM model is validated by the finite element method(FEM). The results show that the convective mass transport driven by the surrounding airflow and the vortex structure formed inside the crack are the two significant factors that influence the oxygen transport in cracks. The convective mass transfer plays a major role in oxygen transport when the inclination angle of the crack is small. For the cases with a large inclination angle, the oxygen transfer from the top to the bottom of the crack is mainly controlled by mass diffusion mechanism. The oxygen concentration in inclined cracks is generally less than that in vertical cracks, and oxidation and ignition of the substrate titanium might be more likely to occur in relatively vertical cracks.展开更多
Common problems in engineering projects that involve artificial ground freezing of soil or rock include inadequate thickness,strength and continuity of artificial frozen walls.It is difficult to evaluate the freezing ...Common problems in engineering projects that involve artificial ground freezing of soil or rock include inadequate thickness,strength and continuity of artificial frozen walls.It is difficult to evaluate the freezing state using only a few thermometer holes at fixed positions or with other existing approaches.Here we report a novel experimental design that investigates changes in ultrasonic properties(received waveform,wave velocity V_(p),wave amplitude,frequency spectrum,centroid frequency f_(c),kurtosis of the frequency spectrum KFS,and quality factor Q)measured during upward freezing,compared with those during uniform freezing,in order to determine the freezing state in 150 mm cubic blocks of Ardingly sandstone.Water content,porosity and density were estimated during upward freezing to ascertain water migration and changes of porosity and density at different stages.The period of receiving the wave increased substantially and coda waves changed from loose to compact during both upward and uniform freezing.The trend of increasing V_(p) can be divided into three stages during uniform freezing.During upward freezing,V_(p) increased more or less uniformly.The frequency spectrum could be used as a convenient and rapid method to identify different freezing states of sandstone(unfrozen,upward frozen,and uniformly frozen).The continuous changes in reflection coefficient r_(φ),refraction coefficient t_(φ) and acoustic impedance field are the major reason for larger reflection and refraction during upward freezing compared with uniform freezing.Wave velocity V_(p),wave amplitude A_(h),centroid frequency f_(c) and quality factor Q were adopted as ultrasonic parameters to evaluate quantitatively the temperature T of uniformly frozen sandstone,and their application within a radar chart is recommended.Determination of V_(p) provides a convenient method to evaluate the freezing state and calculate the cryofront height and frozen section thickness of upward frozen sandstone,with accuracies of 73.37%-99.23%.展开更多
By adding different amounts of Ti into the electromagnetic stirred Al-18wt.%Mg_(2)Si alloy,the effect of Ti element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was studied.The experimental results sho...By adding different amounts of Ti into the electromagnetic stirred Al-18wt.%Mg_(2)Si alloy,the effect of Ti element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was studied.The experimental results show that the microstructure is refined after modification with Ti,which is related to the heterogeneous nucleation of TiAl_(3) particles on theα-Al matrix.With the increase of Ti content and holding time after stirring,the primary Mg_(2)Si phase is refined firstly and then coarsened,and correspondingly,the mechanical properties of the alloy show a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing.When the addition of Ti is 0.5wt.%and the holding time is about 20 min,the refinement effect of primary Mg_(2)Si phase is the most significant and the mechanical properties of the alloy are optimal.展开更多
Genetic factors play a key role in determination of the structure of the cloacal flora for newborn Chinese Alligators.We collected the cloacal microbiomes for 24 newborn Chinese Alligators from three different genetic...Genetic factors play a key role in determination of the structure of the cloacal flora for newborn Chinese Alligators.We collected the cloacal microbiomes for 24 newborn Chinese Alligators from three different genetic backgrounds for 16S gene amplicon sequencing.The number of cloacal flora for the Chinese Alligators from different groups was comparable but differed structurally.There were variations in proportions of floral compositions at the phylum and family levels;however,the main difference was at the genus level.There were two significant differences in richness and evenness among the three groups.Non-metric multidimensional scaling NMDS analysis revealed that the 24 samples could be clearly divided into three categories based on their genetic backgrounds(stress=0.0244).Thus,we postulated that newborn Chinese Alligators with different genetic backgrounds have different immune strengths,which affects individual responses to environmental microorganisms.In summary,newborn Chinese Alligators from different genetic backgrounds exhibit variations in cloacal microbiome.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1901500/2022YFD1901505)the Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province,China(Qiankehezhongyindi(2023)008)the Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions,China(Qianjiaoji(2023)007)。
文摘Monitoring agricultural drought using remote sensing data is crucial for precision irrigation in modern agriculture.Utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing,we explored the applicability of an empirical crop water stress index(CWSI)based on canopy temperature and three-dimensional drought indices(TDDI)constructed from surface temperature(T_(s)),air temperature(T_(a))and five vegetation indices(VIs)for monitoring the moisture status of dryland crops.Three machine learning algorithms(random forest regression(RFR),support vector regression,and partial least squares regression)were used to compare the performance of the drought indices for vegetation moisture content(VMC)estimation in sorghum and maize.The main results of the study were as follows:(1)Comparative analysis of the drought indices revealed that T_(s)-T_(a)-normalized difference vegetation index(TDDIn)and T_(s)-T_(a)-enhanced vegetation index(TDDIe)were more strongly correlated with VMC compared with the other indices.The indices exhibited varying sensitivities to VMC under different irrigation regimes;the strongest correlation observed was for the TDDIe index with maize under the fully irrigated treatment(r=-0.93).(2)Regarding spatial and temporal characteristics,the TDDIn,TDDIe and CWSI indices showed minimal differences Over the experimental period,with coefficients of variation were 0.25,0.18 and 0.24,respectively.All three indices were capable of effectively characterizing the moisture distribution in dryland maize and sorghum crops,but the TDDI indices more accurately monitored the spatial distribution of crop moisture after a rainfall or irrigation event.(3)For prediction of the moisture content of single crops,RFR models based on TDDIn and TDDIe estimated VMC most accurately(R^(2)>0.7),and the TDDIn-based model predicted VMC with the highest accuracy when considering multiple-crop samples,with R^(2)and RMSE of 0.62 and 14.26%,respectively.Thus,TDDI proved more effective than the CWSI in estimating crop water content.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Researchand DevelopmentProgramof China(No.2019YFA0307700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12274418,No.22273116,No.12074389,No.11974381,and No.22363011)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(No.2022010801010134 and No.2023020201010084).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278091)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(2023GXNSFFA026009)+1 种基金All the experiments with human research participants were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangxi University(GXU-2023-023)informed written consent was obtained from all participants.
文摘Rapid advancements in flexible electronics technology propel soft tactile sensing devices toward high-level biointegration,even attaining tactile perception capabilities surpassing human skin.However,the inherent mechanical mismatch resulting from deficient biomimetic mechanical properties of sensing materials poses a challenge to the application of wearable tactile sensing devices in human-machine interaction.Inspired by the innate biphasic structure of human subcutaneous tissue,this study discloses a skin-compliant wearable iontronic triboelectric gel via phase separation induced by competitive hydrogen bonding.Solvent-nonsolvent interactions are used to construct competitive hydrogen bonding systems to trigger phase separation,and the resulting soft-hard alternating phase-locked structure confers the iontronic triboelectric gel with Young’s modulus(6.8-281.9 kPa)and high tensile properties(880%)compatible with human skin.The abundance of reactive hydroxyl groups gives the gel excellent tribopositive and self-adhesive properties(peel strength>70 N m^(−1)).The self-powered tactile sensing skin based on this gel maintains favorable interface and mechanical stability with the working object,which greatly ensures the high fidelity and reliability of soft tactile sensing signals.This strategy,enabling skin-compliant design and broad dynamic tunability of the mechanical properties of sensing materials,presents a universal platform for broad applications from soft robots to wearable electronics.
基金This research was supported by Meat and Livestock Australia grant P.PSH.1232,the Australasian Pork Research Institute Ltd grant 5A-113,The University of Queensland and The University of Western Australia.
文摘At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare outcomes.Existing behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative outcomes.But welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to positive.In this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human animals.The proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological markers.We also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372088)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2019-01-07-00-09-E00020).
文摘As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories,agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments.Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum.However,this high level of sunlight transmission may be inappropriate or even harmful for crops with specific photothermal requirements.Modern greenhouses are integrated with agricultural covering materials,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems,and smart irrigation and communication technologies to maximize planting efficiency.This review provides insight into the photothermal requirements of crops and ways to meet these requirements,including new materials based on passive radiative cooling and light scattering,simulations to evaluate the energy consumption and environmental conditions in a greenhouse,and data mining to identify key biological growth factors and thereby improve new covering films.Finally,future challenges and directions for photothermalmanagement agricultural films are elaborated on to bridge the gap between lab-scale research and large-scale practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32000355,32170525,32370561)Anhui Science and Technology Major Project(202003a06020028).
文摘Chinese alligator hatchlings in captivity are fragile and have a high mortality rate within first year.The body mass gain of reptile animals is closely related to their feeding behavior and gut microbiota.This study analyzed the intrinsic factors influencing the allometric growth of Chinese alligator hatchlings based on their body mass gain,feeding behavior,and gut microbiota.This information would enhance the health management of Chinese alligator hatchlings.There was a significant correlation between the total distance moved,the average number of conspecifics nearby,and body mass gain.Chinese alligator hatchlings with a greater growth rate showed greater activity and more independent behavior during feeding than those with a lower growth rate.Moreover,after feeding started,some functions of the gut microbiota showed significant relationships with growth rate and feeding activity.Chinese alligator hatchlings with a greater growth rate showed greater levels of heme biosynthesis than those with a lower growth rate,and feeding activity was inhibited by long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis.These results elucidate the relationships between health,feeding behavior,and the gut microbiota of Chinese alligator hatchlings.Understanding the intrinsic factors of their health and feeding behavior can improve the health management of Chinese alligator hatchlings in captivity for conservation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170567,No.81873546,No.82170568,and No.82300627Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader,No.22XD1425000+4 种基金The"Shu Guang"project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation,No.19SG30,ChinaDeep Blue Project of Naval Medical University(Pilot Talent Plan)The Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,No.22CGA42The Shanghai Sailing Program,No.23YF1458600and Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.23ZR1478700.
文摘BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated bidirectional associations between urate levels and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD).However,it remains unclear whether the observations are causal because of confounding factors.AIM To investigate the causal associations between urate levels and IBD using bidirec-tional Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS Independent genetic variants for urate levels and IBD were selected as instru-mental variables from published genome-wide association studies(GWASs).Summary statistics for instrument-outcome associations were retrieved from three separate databases for IBD(the UK Biobank,the FinnGen database and a large GWAS meta-analysis)and one for urate levels(a large GWAS meta-analysis).MR analyses included the inverse-variance-weighted method,weighted-median estimator,MR-Egger and sensitivity analyses(MR-PRESSO).A meta-analysis was also conducted to merge the data from separate outcome databases using a fixed-effects model.RESULTS Genetically higher serum urate levels were strongly associated with an increased risk of UC[odds ratio(OR):1.95,95%confidence interval(CI):1.86-2.05]after outlier correction,and the ORs(95%CIs)for IBD and CD were 0.94(95%CI:0.86-1.03)and 0.91(95%CI:0.80-1.04),respectively.Animal studies have confirmed the positive association between urate levels and UC.Moreover,genetically predicted IBD was inversely related to urate levels(OR:0.97,95%CI:0.94-0.99).However,no association was observed between genetically influenced UC or CD and urate levels.CONCLUSION Urate levels might be risk factors for UC,whereas genetically predicted IBD was inversely associated with urate levels.These findings provide essential new insight for treating and preventing IBD.
基金This study was supported in part by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021ZD0203100 to JC)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC81720108013,NSFC31771161 and NSFC81230025 to JC,NSFC81300957 and NSFC82171227 to HL,NSFC81771453 and NSFC31970937 to HZ)+6 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science(BL2014029 to JC)Basic and Clinical Research Center in Anesthesiology of Jiangsu Provincial'Science and Education for Health'Project(JC),Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LY22H090019 to HL)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(BK20190047 to HZ)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(19KJA610005 to HZ)Distinguished Professor Program of Jiangsu(HZ),Jiangsu Province Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talent Program and Jiangsu Province Innovative and Entrepreneurial Team Program(HZ),Xuzhou Medical University start-up grant for excellent scientist(D2018010 and D2019025D to HZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1411300 to YH)Shenkang Clinical Study Foundation of Shanghai(SHDC2020CR4061 to YH).
文摘Background Postoperative sleep disturbance(PSD)is a common and serious postoperative complication and is associated with poor postoperative outcomes.Aims This study aimed to investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)on PSD in older patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty.Methods In this prospective,double-blind,pilot,randomised,sham-controlled trial,patients 65 years and over undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty were randomly assigned to receive active tDCS(a-tDCS)or sham tDCS(s-tDCS).The primary outcomes were the objective sleep measures on postoperative nights(N)1 and N2.Results 116 inpatients were assessed for eligibility,and a total of 92 patients were enrolled;47 received a-tDCS and 45 received s-tDCS.tDCS improved PSD by altering the following sleep measures in the a-tDCS and s-tDCS groups;the respective comparisons were as follows:the promotion of rapid eye movement(REM)sleep time on N1(64.5(33.5-105.5)vs 19.0(0.0,45.0)min,F=20.10,p<0.001)and N2(75.0(36.0-120.8)vs 30.0(1.3-59.3)min,F=12.55,p<0.001);the total sleep time on N1(506.0(408.0-561.0)vs 392.0(243.0-483.5)min,F=14.13,p<0.001)and N2(488.5(455.5-548.5)vs 346.0(286.5-517.5)min,F=7.36,p=0.007);the deep sleep time on N1(130.0(103.3-177.0)vs 42.5(9.8-100.8)min,F=24.4,p<0.001)and N2(103.5(46.0-154.8)vs 57.5(23.3-106.5)min,F=8.4,p=0.004);and the percentages of light sleep and REM sleep on N1 and N2(p<0.05 for each).The postoperative depression and anxiety scores did not differ significantly between the two groups.No significant adverse events were reported.Conclusion In older patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty,a single session of anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a potentially prophylactic effect in improving postoperative short-term objective sleep measures.However,this benefit was temporary and was not maintained over time.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0702800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12072056)supported by National Defense Fundamental Scientific Research Project(XXXX2018204BXXX).
文摘The safety and integrity requirements of aerospace composite structures necessitate real-time health monitoring throughout their service life.To this end,distributed optical fiber sensors utilizing back Rayleigh scattering have been extensively deployed in structural health monitoring due to their advantages,such as lightweight and ease of embedding.However,identifying the precise location of damage from the optical fiber signals remains a critical challenge.In this paper,a novel approach which namely Modified Sliding Window Principal Component Analysis(MSWPCA)was proposed to facilitate automatic damage identification and localization via distributed optical fiber sensors.The proposed method is able to extract signal characteristics interfered by measurement noise to improve the accuracy of damage detection.Specifically,we applied the MSWPCA method to monitor and analyze the debonding propagation process in honeycomb sandwich panel structures.Our findings demonstrate that the training model exhibits high precision in detecting the location and size of honeycomb debonding,thereby facilitating reliable and efficient online assessment of the structural health state.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project (2017-VII-0012-0108)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB1102302)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M660664)National Natural Science Foundation of China (72004141)Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2019A1515111074)。
文摘The oxygen transportation from surrounding air to coating cracks is an important factor in the oxidation and ignition of titanium alloy. In this work, the oxygen transport and surface oxidation of titanium in inclined cracks of coating under parallel airflow are studied with the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).A boundary scheme of LBM about surface reaction is developed. The conversion factors are utilized to build the relationship between the physical scale and the lattice scale. The reliability of the LBM model is validated by the finite element method(FEM). The results show that the convective mass transport driven by the surrounding airflow and the vortex structure formed inside the crack are the two significant factors that influence the oxygen transport in cracks. The convective mass transfer plays a major role in oxygen transport when the inclination angle of the crack is small. For the cases with a large inclination angle, the oxygen transfer from the top to the bottom of the crack is mainly controlled by mass diffusion mechanism. The oxygen concentration in inclined cracks is generally less than that in vertical cracks, and oxidation and ignition of the substrate titanium might be more likely to occur in relatively vertical cracks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51804157,51774183,and 11702094)the University of Sussex,UK.Both are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Common problems in engineering projects that involve artificial ground freezing of soil or rock include inadequate thickness,strength and continuity of artificial frozen walls.It is difficult to evaluate the freezing state using only a few thermometer holes at fixed positions or with other existing approaches.Here we report a novel experimental design that investigates changes in ultrasonic properties(received waveform,wave velocity V_(p),wave amplitude,frequency spectrum,centroid frequency f_(c),kurtosis of the frequency spectrum KFS,and quality factor Q)measured during upward freezing,compared with those during uniform freezing,in order to determine the freezing state in 150 mm cubic blocks of Ardingly sandstone.Water content,porosity and density were estimated during upward freezing to ascertain water migration and changes of porosity and density at different stages.The period of receiving the wave increased substantially and coda waves changed from loose to compact during both upward and uniform freezing.The trend of increasing V_(p) can be divided into three stages during uniform freezing.During upward freezing,V_(p) increased more or less uniformly.The frequency spectrum could be used as a convenient and rapid method to identify different freezing states of sandstone(unfrozen,upward frozen,and uniformly frozen).The continuous changes in reflection coefficient r_(φ),refraction coefficient t_(φ) and acoustic impedance field are the major reason for larger reflection and refraction during upward freezing compared with uniform freezing.Wave velocity V_(p),wave amplitude A_(h),centroid frequency f_(c) and quality factor Q were adopted as ultrasonic parameters to evaluate quantitatively the temperature T of uniformly frozen sandstone,and their application within a radar chart is recommended.Determination of V_(p) provides a convenient method to evaluate the freezing state and calculate the cryofront height and frozen section thickness of upward frozen sandstone,with accuracies of 73.37%-99.23%.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Development Program of Shouguang(No.2019JH14)the Science and Technology Development Program of Weifang(No.2021GX052)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.080137)。
文摘By adding different amounts of Ti into the electromagnetic stirred Al-18wt.%Mg_(2)Si alloy,the effect of Ti element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was studied.The experimental results show that the microstructure is refined after modification with Ti,which is related to the heterogeneous nucleation of TiAl_(3) particles on theα-Al matrix.With the increase of Ti content and holding time after stirring,the primary Mg_(2)Si phase is refined firstly and then coarsened,and correspondingly,the mechanical properties of the alloy show a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing.When the addition of Ti is 0.5wt.%and the holding time is about 20 min,the refinement effect of primary Mg_(2)Si phase is the most significant and the mechanical properties of the alloy are optimal.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32000355 and No.32370561)Research start-up funds of Anhui Normal University(No.751865)Anhui Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project(AHLYCX-2021-01).
文摘Genetic factors play a key role in determination of the structure of the cloacal flora for newborn Chinese Alligators.We collected the cloacal microbiomes for 24 newborn Chinese Alligators from three different genetic backgrounds for 16S gene amplicon sequencing.The number of cloacal flora for the Chinese Alligators from different groups was comparable but differed structurally.There were variations in proportions of floral compositions at the phylum and family levels;however,the main difference was at the genus level.There were two significant differences in richness and evenness among the three groups.Non-metric multidimensional scaling NMDS analysis revealed that the 24 samples could be clearly divided into three categories based on their genetic backgrounds(stress=0.0244).Thus,we postulated that newborn Chinese Alligators with different genetic backgrounds have different immune strengths,which affects individual responses to environmental microorganisms.In summary,newborn Chinese Alligators from different genetic backgrounds exhibit variations in cloacal microbiome.
