Microscopic Identification of Zhuang Medicine Laportea bulbifera(Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd.

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the microscopic identification characteristics of Laportea bulbifera(Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. [Methods] The characteristics of L. bulbifera leaf, stem and powder were identified by microscopy. [Results] The main microscopic identification characteristics of the tissue structures of L. bulbifera leaf and stem at different positions and L. bulbifera powder were determined. [Conclusions] The microscopic identification results are characteristic, and could serve as the identification basis of L. bulbifera. These results could provide references for the quality control of L. bulbifera.

Study on Quality Standards of Laportea bulbifera(Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. in Yao’s Folk-medicine

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish the quality control standards for Laportea bulbifera(Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. [Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer chromatography were used to identify and determine the moisture, total ash and extract contents. [Results] According to the microscopic results, the stem transection is round and has five longitudinal edges at which the cell wall is obviously thickened. Bristles can be observed. A series of collenchyma cells are arranged closely inside the epidermis. There are several rows of parenchyma cells. The vascular bundles are of different sizes;and the ray part is wide, and at the junction of the ray and the cortex, there are often scattered secretory cells. The center is a broad medulla. The powder is brown. There are many starch grains. The bristles are unicelluar, and have warty protrusions and expanded base. The fibers are bundled, and the cells are large. The epidermal cells are in the shape of an elongated spindle, in a mosaic arrangement, and the cell wall is slightly thickened. From the thin layer identification chromatograms of tested L. bulbifera, it can be seen that spots were observed at the same positions as the control medicinal material, and the durability of the method was good. The extract content should not be less than 12.00% by hot extraction with water as solvent, and not be less than 3.00% by cold extraction with ethanol as solvent. The moisture content should not be more than 16.50%. The total ash content should not be more than 14.00%. The acid-insoluble ash content should not be more than 2.50%. [Conclusions] The microscopic identification results are reliable and can be used as the identification basis of L. bulbifera. The thin layer identification method and the test results can provide a basis for quality control of L. bulbifera.

Study on Quality Evaluation and Standards of the Zhuang Medicine Pandanus tectorius Soland.

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish the quality control standards for Pandanus tectorius Soland.[Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer chromatography were used to identify and determine the moisture,total ash and extract contents.[Results] The root transection is near round.The outmost side is velamen.There are nearly 10 columns of collenchyma tissue cells inside.In the cortex,there are a large number of fiber bundles scattered,and there are also large mucous cells scattered.The endodermis is distinct,and the cells are small and closely arranged.The pericycle is distinct and forms a ring.The pericycle fiber bundles are arranged in a radial shape by more than 40 bundles of phloem and xylem alternately.The leaf transection is V-shaped.The collenchyma lies under the epidermis.The spongy tissue has many calcium oxalate square crystal and needle crystals.The mucous cells contain calcium oxalate square crystal and needle crystals.The thin layer identification indicated that in the chromatogram of each test sample,spots of the same colors appeared at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference medicinal material,and the reproducibility was good.The moisture contents of the 10 batches of samples were all below 8.0%.The total ash was below 8.0%.The acid-insoluble ash was below 2.0%.With 50% ethanol as the solvent,the extract contents were all over 12.5%.[Conclusions] The microscopic identification results are reliable and can be used as the identification basis of P.tectorius.The thin layer identification method and the test results can provide a basis for quality control of P.tectorius.

Microscopic Identification of Pueraria phaseoloides,a Zhuang Medicine

This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics of different tissues and tissue powder of Pueraria phaseoloides by microscopic identification. The main microscopic characteristics of roots, stems, leaves, root powder, stem powder and leaf powder of P. phaseoloides were determined by microscopic identifi- cation, which provided reference for the establishment of quality standards of P. phaseoloides.

Identification of Ethnic Medicine Polygonum capitatum by Thin Layer Chromatography

[Objectives]To establish a thin-layer chromatography identification method for the ethnic medicinal materials of Polygonum capitatum.[Methods]The thin layer chromatography(TLC)method was used to identify materials.[Results]The TLC identification showed that in the chromatogram of the test sample,there were spots of the same color in the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference medicinal material,and the reproducibility was good.[Conclusions]The TLC identification and the determination results of the inspection items can provide a basis for the quality control of the medicinal materials of P.capitatum.

Study on the Pharmacological Identification of Polygonum capitatum

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a microscopic identification method of Polygonum capitatum Buch.Ham.ex D.Don.[Methods]The cross sections were identified by microscopic identification.[Results]The stem cross section of P.capitatum is round-like,and shows pericyclic fibers forming a ring,strongly lignified,many vascular bundles,and a hollow pith part.There are many starch granules in the powder,and single granules are more common;and fibers are mostly bundled or scattered,lignified or non-lignified,and calcium oxalate cluster crystals are common.There are many pollen grains,obtuse triangular or round-like,and some of them have three germination apertures.They have fine thorn-like protrusions on the outer wall,the surface of which has reticulate carvings.[Conclusions]The results of microscopic identification are reliable and can be used as the basis for identification of P.capitatum.

Pharmacognostic Study on Adenanthera pavonina Linn.var.microsperma

[Objectives]To study the pharmacognosy of the stems and leaves of Adenanthera pavonina Linn.var.microsperma and to provide reference materials for clinical application and further development and utilization.[Methods]The stems and leaves were sliced by paraffin section method,and the tissue structure and microscopic characteristics were observed by routine microscopic technique.[Results]It was found that the epidermal cell wall was red with unicellular non-glandular hairs,the phloem fiber bundles were arranged in rings,and the xylem vessels were large and few,arranged in the shape of"V".The non-glandular hairs in the cross section of leaves were mostly unicellular,and the palisade tissues were in 2-3 rows.Most of the vessels in the powder were with marginal pores and crystal sheath fibers,and there were a lot of non-glandular hairs in single cells.[Conclusions]The above characteristics can be used as the main basis for the identification of Adenanthera pavonina Linn.var.microsperma.

Microscopic Identification of Zhuang Medicine Jatropha curcas L.

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the microscopic identification characteristics of Jatropha curcas .[Methods] Jatropha curcas was identified by microscopic identification. [Results] The stem bark of J. curcas has a thick phellem layer and broad cortex layer; and there are a great deal of dispersed laticifers and many fibers. The parenchymal cells contain clusters of calcium oxalate. In the powder, there are many clusters of calcium oxalate; the secreta is often dispersed; and the stomata are in parallel axle shape. Brown bodies can be seen commonly. [Conclusion] The results of the microscopic identification are reliable. These characteristics could provide an effective basis for the differentiation of this plant from other plants in the same genus and the establishment of its quality standard.

Pharmacognosy of Brazilian Ginseng ( Pfaffia paniculata)

[ Objective ] This study aimed to explore the pharmacognostical features of Brazilian ginseng （ Pfaffia paniculata）, anti to provide a theoretical basis ior its development and utilization. [ Method ] Morphological traits of Brazilian ginseng root were observed with traditional methods. Then, the root, stem and [e＇,ff of Brazilian ginseng were sliced, and observed under a microscope. The physical and chemical properties of root extract were detected. [ Result] Brazilian ginseng root is elongated and cylindrical, with obvious longitudinal ridges and sparse root marks, some irregularly shaped lenticels on the sm＇face. The cork layer of crosssection has five or more rows of cork cells. The abnormal vascular bundles are arranged in two to three rings. There are two to three central vascular bundles. The wood fibers it, powder are long, with one bifurcate end. The vessels have bordered pits. The sand crystals are scattered or in the parenchyma surrounding the fibers. The mucilage cells are oval and widely exist. Physical and chemical experiments showed that the rool of Brazilian ginseng eantains sterols or trilerpenes and saponins. [ Conclusion] The results will provide a theoretical basis for the pharmacological identificatian of Brazilian ginseng.