基于目标导向的高分子化学课程思政实践与探索

课程思政是专业教师在传递知识和培养能力过程中引导学生塑造正确的世界观、价值观和人生观,并与思政课程同向而行的教育新要求。本文以OBE(目标导向)的理念为指导,从课程目标、教学内容、教学方法、教学环节、教学模式和考核体系等方面实践和探索高分子化学课程思政。首先确定工程技术人才应具备的德育目标;其次挖掘出课程蕴含的思政元素;再次在实践中运用多种教学模式助力思政教学;然后构建可衡量可考核的考核体系;最后找出课程思政改进的途径。为高校教育在课程思政方面的改革提供有益的参考。

Adsorption performance and mechanism of Schiff base functionalized polyamidoamine dendrimer/silica for aqueous Mn(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ)

Schiff base functionalized polyamidoamine(PAMAM) dendrimer/silica were prepared for the adsorption of aqueous Mn(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ).The effects that influence the adsorption were investigated systematically and the adsorption mechanism was illustrated by theoretical calculation.The optimum adsorption pH are 4 and 6 for Mn(II) and Co(Ⅱ).Adsorption kinetics follow pseudo-second-order model and the ratecontrolling step is film diffusion process.Adsorption isotherm shows that high initial metal ion concentration facilitates the uptake of metal ions.The adsorption capacity increases first and then decreases in the temperature range of 15-35℃.Density functional theory(DFT) calculation demonstrates that Schiff base functionalized PAMAM dendrimer tends to coordinate Mn(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ) with the oxygen atoms of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups,nitrogen of tertiary amine and imino groups.The imino and tertiary amine groups mainly dominate the adsorption.The reproducibility of the adsorbents indicates they can be regenerated by 5% thiourea and 0.5 mol/L HNO_(3) solution efficiently.

中国梭梭属植物历史分布格局及其驱动机制

梭梭属(Haloxylon)植物是藜科的古老孑遗物种,探究末次间冰期(lastinterglacial period,LIG)和末次盛冰期(lastglacial maximum period,LGM)以来中国梭梭属植物的历史地理分布格局及其驱动机制,对了解气候变化背景下旱生植物区系的发展与演化具有重要意义。本研究利用梭梭属85个自然分布点数据(60条梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)分布记录、25条白梭梭(H.persicum)分布记录)和2套环境因子数据,整合GIS空间分析和9种物种分布模型,分析了梭梭属末次间冰期以来的地理分布格局变化及其驱动机制。基于62个梭梭属种群的叶绿体基因测序数据,利用最小成本路径方法,模拟了末次间冰期以来梭梭属可能的扩散路径。利用R软件prcomp函数对影响梭梭属分布的环境变量进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),评价了环境变量对梭梭属适宜分布的贡献,并分析了关键变量与分布适宜性的相关性。结果表明:(1)集成模型的模拟精度较单一模型显著提升,且对白梭梭的模拟精度高于梭梭;(2)末次间冰期以来,梭梭属植物的分布均经历了显著收缩和冰后期扩张,末次间冰期至末次盛冰期时期,在准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地西部广泛分布的梭梭大面积向西退缩至避难所(准噶尔盆地西北缘和塔里木盆地西北缘);白梭梭从准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地西端向南退缩至避难所(准噶尔盆地南缘);末次盛冰期至今,梭梭向东沿甘肃北部扩张直至内蒙古西部阿拉善荒漠,白梭梭向东北方向小范围扩张,占据了准噶尔盆地西部和南缘;(3)末次间冰期以来的气候波动对梭梭属植物的分布存在较大限制,降水因子主导了梭梭属适宜分布面积的变化,温度因子影响了梭梭属分布适宜性的高低。