Three-dimensional kagome structures in a PCL/HA-based hydrogel scaffold to lead slow BMP-2 release for effective bone regeneration

Osteoconductive function is remarkably low in bone disease in the absence of bone tissue surrounding the grafting site,or if the bone tissue is in poor condition.Thus,an effective bone graft in terms of both osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity is required for clinical therapy.Recently,the three-dimensional(3D)kagome structure has been shown to be advantageous for bone tissue regeneration due to its mechanical properties.In this study,a polycaprolactone(PCL)kagome-structure scaffold containing a hyaluronic acid(HA)-based hydrogel was fabricated using a 3D printing technique.The retention capacity of the hydrogel in the scaffold was assessed in vivo with a rat calvaria subcutaneous model for 3 weeks,and the results were compared with those obtained with conventional 3D-printed PCL grid-structure scaffolds containing HA-based hydrogel and bulk-type HA-based hydrogel.The retained hydrogel in the kagome-structure scaffold was further evaluated by in vivo imaging system analysis.To further reinforce the osteoinductivity of the kagome-structure scaffold,a PCL kagome-structure scaffold with bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)containing HA hydrogel was fabricated and implanted in a calvarial defect model of rabbits for 16 weeks.The bone regeneration characteristics were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),Masson’s trichrome staining,and micro-CT image analysis.

AF1q inhibited T cell attachment to breast cancer cell by attenuating Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 expression

Aim: To investigate whether AF1q, overexpressed in metastatic cells compared with the primary tumor cells, plays a pivotal role in breast cancer metastasis. Methods: To investigate whether AF1q has a responsibility in the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify the gene signature and applied the Metacore direct interactions network building algorithm with the top 40 amplicons of RNA-Seq. Results: Most genes were directly linked with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Likewise, we identified that ICAM-1 expression is attenuated in metastatic cells compared to primary tumor cells. Moreover, overexpression of AF1q attenuated ICAM-1 expression, whereas suppression of AF1q elicited the opposite effect. AF1q had an effect on ICAM-1 promoter region and regulated its transcription. Decreased ICAM-1 expression ;affected the attachment of T cells to a breast cancer cell monolayer. We confirmed the finding by performing the analysis on Burkitt's lymphoma. Conclusion: Attenuation of ICAM-1 by AF1q on tumor cells disadvantages host anti-tumor defenses through the trafficking of lymphocytes, which affects tumor progression and metastasis.

财政分权与政府公信力关系:韩国案例分析

今天,为了更好地响应本地居民的多样化需求,更有效地维护公共利益,很多发展中国家继续实施财政分权制度。然而,人们对财政分权与政府公信力之间的联系仍然知之甚少。本文以韩国为案例开展实证研究,分析财政分权制度如何提高政府公信力——不仅包括国家层面,还包括地方层面。本文进行了多水平回归和面板数据分析,研究成果部分证实了赞成财政分权的研究的结论,即地方财政自主权的增长与政府公信力呈显著正相关。具体而言,我们发现随着财政分权制度的完善,公众对地方政府的信任度也相应提高。此外,我们的研究还发现,在提升政府公信力方面,收入分权的效果往往比支出分权更加明显。这个结果表明,从长远来看,比起赋予其支出自主权,允许地方政府拥有自己的收入来源,能够帮助地方政府更好地响应公众需求。