Clinicopathological features and prognosis of combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma after surgery

BACKGROUND： Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma （cHCC-CC） is a rare subtype of primary liver cancer consisting of both hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and cholangiocarcinoma （CC）. Because of the rarity of this tumor, its feature is poorly understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features and long-term prognosis of patients with cHCC-CC after surgery and to compare with those of the patients with stage-matched HCC and CC. METHODS： The dinicopathological features of the patients who underwent surgery for cHCC-CC at our center during the period of 2001-2010 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of stage-matched HCC and CC patients. Cancer staging was performed according to the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual （6th ed.）. Overall survival and disease-free survival were compared among the groups and prognostic factors of cHCC-CC were evaluated. RESULTS： Significant differences were observed in clinico- pathological features among 42 patients with cHCC-CC, 90 patients with HCC and 45 patients with CC. Similar to HCC patients, cHCC-CC patients had frequent hepatitis B virus antigen positivity, microscopic vessel invasion, cirrhosis and high level of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Similar to CC patients, cHCC-CC patients showed increased bile duct invasion and decreased capsule. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival and disease- free survival of patients with cHCC-CC were not significantly different from those with stage-matched patients with CC;but significantly poorer than those with HCC. In subanalysis of patients with stage Ⅱ, the overall survival in patients with cHCC-CC or CC was significantly poorer than that in patients with HCC. We did not find the difference in patients with other stages. Univariate analysis of overall and disease-free survival of patients with cHCC-CC showed that the vascular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis were the significant predictive factors. CONCLUSION： Patients with cHCC-CC showed similar dinico- pathological features as those with HCC or CC, and patients with cHCC-CC or CC had a poorer prognosis compared with those with HCC, especially at matched stage Ⅱ.

High-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B virus-DNA/hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients after living donor liver transplantation

AIM: To investigate the impact of high-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG) on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and hepatitis B virus(HBV) recurrence and overall survival after living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).METHODS: We investigated 168 patients who underwent LDLT due to HCC, and who were HBV-DNA/hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)-positive, from January 2008 to December 2013. After assessing whether the patients met the Milan criteria, they were assigned to the low-dose HBIG group and high-dose HBIG group. Using the propensity score 1:1 matching method, 38 and 18 pairs were defined as adhering to and not adhering to the Milan criteria. For each pair, HCC recurrence, HBV recurrence and overall survival were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test according to the HBIG dose. RESULTS: Among those who met the Milan criteria, the 6-mo, 1-year, and 3-year HCC recurrence-free survival rates were 88.9%, 83.2%, and 83.2% in the low-dose HBIG group and 97.2%, 97.2%, and 97.2% in the high-dose HBIG group, respectively(P = 0.042).In contrast, among those who did not meet the Milan criteria, HCC recurrence did not differ according to the HBIG dose(P = 0.937). Moreover, HBV recurrence and overall survival did not differ according to the HBIG dose among those who met(P = 0.317 and 0.190, respectively) and did not meet(P = 0.350 and 0.987, respectively) the Milan criteria. CONCLUSION: High-dose HBIG therapy can reduce HCC recurrence in HBV-DNA/HBe Ag-positive patients after LDLT.

Graft-to-recipient weight ratio lower to 0.7% is safe without portal pressure modulation in right-lobe living donor liver transplantation with favorable conditions

BACKGROUND: The low graft-to-recipient weight ratio(GRWR) in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) is one of the major risk factors affecting graft survival. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the lower limit of the GRWR can be safely reduced without portal pressure modulation in right-lobe LDLT. METHODS: From 2005 to 2011, 317 consecutive patients from a single institute underwent LDLT with right-lobe grafts without portal pressure modulation. Of these, 23 had a GRWR of less than 0.7%(group A), 27 had a GRWR of ≥0.7%, 【0.8%(group B), and 267 had a GRWR of more than and equal to 0.8%(group C). Medical records, including recipient, donor, operation factors, laboratory findings and complications were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The baseline demographics showed low model for end-stage liver disease score(mean 16.3±8.9) and high percentage of hepatocellular carcinoma(231 patients, 72.9%). Three groups by GRWR demonstrated similar characteristics except recipient body mass index and donor gender. For smallforsize syndrome, there were 3(13.0%) in group A, 1(3.7%) in group B, and 2 patients(0.7%) in group C(P【0.001). Hepatic artery thrombosis was more frequently observed in group A than in groups B and C(8.7% vs 3.7% vs 1.9%, P=0.047). However, among the three groups, graft survival rates at 1 year(100% vs 96.3% vs 93.6%) and 3 years(91.7% vs 73.2% vs 88.1%) were not different(P=0.539). In laboratory measurements,there was no group difference in total bilirubin and albumin. However, prothrombin time was longer in group A within postoperative 1 week and platelet count was lower in groups A and B within postoperative 1 month. CONCLUSION: A GRWR lower to 0.7% is safe and does not need to modulate portal pressure in adult-to-adult LDLT using the right-lobe in favorable conditions including low model for end-stage liver disease score.

Pretransplant absolute monocyte count in peripheral blood predicts posttransplant tumor prognosis in patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Preoperative absolute monocyte count in peripheral blood(AMCPB) is closely associated with prognoses in not only various malignancies but also hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pretransplant AMCPB predicts posttransplant outcomes in patients with HCC undergoing liver transplantation(LT).METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed relationships between clinicopathologic factors involving pretransplant AMCPB and tumor recurrence or survival in 256 patients who had undergone LT for HCC between January 2005 and April 2012.RESULTS: ROC curve analysis showed that AMCPB >200/mm3was a risk factor for tumor recurrence; 43 patients showed higher AMCPB(>200/mm3), whereas 213 showed lower AMCPB(≤200/mm3) at the time of LT. On multivariate analysis,pretransplant high AMCPB, positive findings in pretransplant18F-FDG PET/CT, pathological maximal tumor size >5 cm,intrahepatic metastasis, moderately or poorly differentiated tumor and microvascular invasion were independent factors affecting recurrence-free survival. When we performed subgroup analysis based on the Milan criteria, high AMCPB was an independent factor for predicting HCC recurrence in patients with tumor beyond the Milan criteria(P=0.004), and not for patients within the criteria.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that pretransplant AMCPB could predict tumor recurrence after LT for HCC,especially in patients with tumor beyond the Milan criteria.