Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review is to identify the most effective nutrition programs used in the prevention and management of child malnutrition in chil...Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review is to identify the most effective nutrition programs used in the prevention and management of child malnutrition in children under five years. Also, it is to suggest courses of action to improve interventions in the fight against malnutrition. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and food diversification improves the mothers’ knowledge and contributes to prevention of malnutrition. Food supplementation increases the weight/height ratio of malnourished children. The two programs combined bring better results on mothers’ feeding practices and children’s anthropometric data. This review has highlighted the importance of food supplementation and nutritional education in the management and prevention of child malnutrition. In addition, the combination of several approaches to good dietary practices brings better results. Finally, primary prevention can protect children from the harmful consequences of malnutrition.展开更多
Pesticides are used to control fruit flies and other potential crop pests, particularly mango in Burkina Faso. Pesticides are a potential health hazard for users and consumers and are a major constraint to the export ...Pesticides are used to control fruit flies and other potential crop pests, particularly mango in Burkina Faso. Pesticides are a potential health hazard for users and consumers and are a major constraint to the export and commercialization of mangoes. The objective of this study was to evaluate phytosanitary practices in orchards and pesticide residue levels in four varieties of fresh and dried mangoes (Amelie, Brooks, Kents and Lippens) produced in four localities in Burkina Faso in order to determine their health impact on consumers. Surveys on pesticide use and monitoring of phytosanitary practices were carried out among 16 orchard owners in the localities of Bobo-Dioulasso, Orodara, Toussiana and Banfora, a high mango production area. Also, a total of 120 samples, including 60 samples of fresh mangoes and dried 60 samples of dried mango were collected. A multi-residue method was developed to detect pesticide levels in the collected samples by gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector. The study revealed the use of unauthorized pesticides, often specifically for other crops, and a monitoring trapping network in the orchards against insects. 34 chemical pesticides were detected in 120 samples of all mango varieties collected. Pesticide residues were detected in 72% of the samples, and of the positive samples, 48.52% contained concentrations above the maximum residue limit permissibility. Organochlorine pesticide residues were present in fresh mangoes (60.5%) and a total of fifteen active compounds were detected in dried mangoes. The very poor management and use of pesticides found in these orchards could pose a threat to the productivity of natural ecosystems and the health of producers, processors and consumers. Awareness raising and training of producers on the knowledge of the risks linked to the use of pesticides and good practices are necessary to preserve the health of all.展开更多
The novel coronavirus has affected all regions of the world,but each country has experienced different rates of infection.InWest Africa,in particular,infection rates remain low as compared to other parts of the world....The novel coronavirus has affected all regions of the world,but each country has experienced different rates of infection.InWest Africa,in particular,infection rates remain low as compared to other parts of the world.This heterogeneity in the spread of COVID-19 raises a lot of questions that are still unanswered.However,some studies point out that people's mobility,size of gatherings,rate of testing,and weather have a great impact on the COVID-19 spread.In this work,we first evaluate the correlation between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 cases using Spearman's rank correlation.Secondly,multi-output Gaussian processes(MOGP)are used to predict the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases by exploring its relationships with meteorological parameters.The number of daily reported COVID-19 cases,as well as,weather variables collected from March 9,2020,to October 18,2021,were used in the analysis.The weather variables considered in the analysis are the mean temperature,relative humidity,wind direction,insolation,precipitation,and wind speed.The predicting model was constructed exploiting the correlation between the data of the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and data of the weather variables.The results show that a significant correlation between the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases was found with humidity,wind direction,wind speed,and insolation.These parameters are used to construct the predictive model using the Multi-Output Gaussian process(MOGP).Different combinations of the data of meteorological parameters together with the data of daily reported COVID-19 cases were used to derive different models.We found that the best predictor is obtained using the combination of Humidity and insolation.This model is then used to predict the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases knowing the humidity and Insolation.展开更多
文摘Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review is to identify the most effective nutrition programs used in the prevention and management of child malnutrition in children under five years. Also, it is to suggest courses of action to improve interventions in the fight against malnutrition. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and food diversification improves the mothers’ knowledge and contributes to prevention of malnutrition. Food supplementation increases the weight/height ratio of malnourished children. The two programs combined bring better results on mothers’ feeding practices and children’s anthropometric data. This review has highlighted the importance of food supplementation and nutritional education in the management and prevention of child malnutrition. In addition, the combination of several approaches to good dietary practices brings better results. Finally, primary prevention can protect children from the harmful consequences of malnutrition.
文摘Pesticides are used to control fruit flies and other potential crop pests, particularly mango in Burkina Faso. Pesticides are a potential health hazard for users and consumers and are a major constraint to the export and commercialization of mangoes. The objective of this study was to evaluate phytosanitary practices in orchards and pesticide residue levels in four varieties of fresh and dried mangoes (Amelie, Brooks, Kents and Lippens) produced in four localities in Burkina Faso in order to determine their health impact on consumers. Surveys on pesticide use and monitoring of phytosanitary practices were carried out among 16 orchard owners in the localities of Bobo-Dioulasso, Orodara, Toussiana and Banfora, a high mango production area. Also, a total of 120 samples, including 60 samples of fresh mangoes and dried 60 samples of dried mango were collected. A multi-residue method was developed to detect pesticide levels in the collected samples by gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector. The study revealed the use of unauthorized pesticides, often specifically for other crops, and a monitoring trapping network in the orchards against insects. 34 chemical pesticides were detected in 120 samples of all mango varieties collected. Pesticide residues were detected in 72% of the samples, and of the positive samples, 48.52% contained concentrations above the maximum residue limit permissibility. Organochlorine pesticide residues were present in fresh mangoes (60.5%) and a total of fifteen active compounds were detected in dried mangoes. The very poor management and use of pesticides found in these orchards could pose a threat to the productivity of natural ecosystems and the health of producers, processors and consumers. Awareness raising and training of producers on the knowledge of the risks linked to the use of pesticides and good practices are necessary to preserve the health of all.
文摘The novel coronavirus has affected all regions of the world,but each country has experienced different rates of infection.InWest Africa,in particular,infection rates remain low as compared to other parts of the world.This heterogeneity in the spread of COVID-19 raises a lot of questions that are still unanswered.However,some studies point out that people's mobility,size of gatherings,rate of testing,and weather have a great impact on the COVID-19 spread.In this work,we first evaluate the correlation between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 cases using Spearman's rank correlation.Secondly,multi-output Gaussian processes(MOGP)are used to predict the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases by exploring its relationships with meteorological parameters.The number of daily reported COVID-19 cases,as well as,weather variables collected from March 9,2020,to October 18,2021,were used in the analysis.The weather variables considered in the analysis are the mean temperature,relative humidity,wind direction,insolation,precipitation,and wind speed.The predicting model was constructed exploiting the correlation between the data of the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and data of the weather variables.The results show that a significant correlation between the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases was found with humidity,wind direction,wind speed,and insolation.These parameters are used to construct the predictive model using the Multi-Output Gaussian process(MOGP).Different combinations of the data of meteorological parameters together with the data of daily reported COVID-19 cases were used to derive different models.We found that the best predictor is obtained using the combination of Humidity and insolation.This model is then used to predict the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases knowing the humidity and Insolation.
