Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most economically serious veterinary pathogens due to its negative effects on livestock and its highly infectious nature via a variety of transmission paths through or...Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most economically serious veterinary pathogens due to its negative effects on livestock and its highly infectious nature via a variety of transmission paths through oral and inhalation routes. Measures to enhance outbreak management can be designed according to analytical results predicted by mathematical models for wind-borne dispersion, an important path of virus transmission. Accurate atmospheric dispersion models are useful tools for properly determining risk management plans, while inaccurate models may conversely lead to accidental loss in two possible ways. Overly strict measures, e.g., slaughter for too wide an area, can cause severe economic difficulties, including irreversible loss of business operations for a number of farms. On the contrary, inestimable loss potentially caused by lax controls is a persistent threat. In this paper, available modelling procedures for forecasting the spread of FMDV, which have been used since the 1970s, each having its advantages and limitations, are reviewed for the purpose of ensuring suitable application in various conditions of any future emergency cases.展开更多
We investigate changes in Asia＇s regional and global trade linkages and their influence on macroeconomic relationships among Asia, Europe and the USA. We first document changes in tripartite trade patterns and discus...We investigate changes in Asia＇s regional and global trade linkages and their influence on macroeconomic relationships among Asia, Europe and the USA. We first document changes in tripartite trade patterns and discuss sO, lized facts about East Asia ＂s trade structure, with particular focus on the role of China. China plays a critical role in the rapidly expanding intra-Asian trade as an assembly and produetion center that supplies final goods for the advanced economies. However, China ＂s trade shares in final goods with East Asia and in parts and components with Europe and the USA are rising, suggesting that the region ＂s production chains are becoming increasingly integrated into the global business network. Empirical results from a panel vector autoregression model generally confirm increasingly mutual macroeconomic interdependence among East Asia, Europe and the USA. The findings suggest a future role for Asia as an important trade partner and balancing power in the world economy.展开更多
Dear editors,Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is the most common cancer among women[1].The cause of death in patients with breast cancer is not the primary tumor itself but mainl...Dear editors,Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is the most common cancer among women[1].The cause of death in patients with breast cancer is not the primary tumor itself but mainly metastasis.The most common sites of breast cancer metastasis include the bones,lungs,brain,lymph nodes,and liver.Importantly,lung metastasis has been a particular concern as it results in high patient morbidity and mortality rates[2].展开更多
文摘Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most economically serious veterinary pathogens due to its negative effects on livestock and its highly infectious nature via a variety of transmission paths through oral and inhalation routes. Measures to enhance outbreak management can be designed according to analytical results predicted by mathematical models for wind-borne dispersion, an important path of virus transmission. Accurate atmospheric dispersion models are useful tools for properly determining risk management plans, while inaccurate models may conversely lead to accidental loss in two possible ways. Overly strict measures, e.g., slaughter for too wide an area, can cause severe economic difficulties, including irreversible loss of business operations for a number of farms. On the contrary, inestimable loss potentially caused by lax controls is a persistent threat. In this paper, available modelling procedures for forecasting the spread of FMDV, which have been used since the 1970s, each having its advantages and limitations, are reviewed for the purpose of ensuring suitable application in various conditions of any future emergency cases.
文摘We investigate changes in Asia＇s regional and global trade linkages and their influence on macroeconomic relationships among Asia, Europe and the USA. We first document changes in tripartite trade patterns and discuss sO, lized facts about East Asia ＂s trade structure, with particular focus on the role of China. China plays a critical role in the rapidly expanding intra-Asian trade as an assembly and produetion center that supplies final goods for the advanced economies. However, China ＂s trade shares in final goods with East Asia and in parts and components with Europe and the USA are rising, suggesting that the region ＂s production chains are becoming increasingly integrated into the global business network. Empirical results from a panel vector autoregression model generally confirm increasingly mutual macroeconomic interdependence among East Asia, Europe and the USA. The findings suggest a future role for Asia as an important trade partner and balancing power in the world economy.
基金This workwas supported by theNational Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT,NRF-2020R1A2B5B03002164).
文摘Dear editors,Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is the most common cancer among women[1].The cause of death in patients with breast cancer is not the primary tumor itself but mainly metastasis.The most common sites of breast cancer metastasis include the bones,lungs,brain,lymph nodes,and liver.Importantly,lung metastasis has been a particular concern as it results in high patient morbidity and mortality rates[2].
