The present paper is to know how the work is carried out in the field of biomechanics of knee. Various model formulations are discussed and further classified into mathematical model, two-dimensional model and three-d...The present paper is to know how the work is carried out in the field of biomechanics of knee. Various model formulations are discussed and further classified into mathematical model, two-dimensional model and three-dimensional model. Knee geometry is a crucial part of human body movement, in which how various views of knee is shown in different planes and how the forces act on tibia and femur are studied. It leads to know the forces acting on the knee joint. Experimental studies of knee geometry and forces acting on knee shown by various researchers have been discussed, and comparisons of results are made. In addition, static and dynamic analysis of knee has been also discussed respectively to some extent.展开更多
In manufacturing sector, hard turning has emerged as a vital machining process for cutting hardened steels. Besides many advantages of hard turning operations, one has to implement to achieve close tolerances in terms...In manufacturing sector, hard turning has emerged as a vital machining process for cutting hardened steels. Besides many advantages of hard turning operations, one has to implement to achieve close tolerances in terms of surface finish, high product quality, reduced machining time, low operating cost and environmental friendly characteristics. In the study, three dimensional （3D） computer aided engineering （CAE） based simulation of hard turning by using commercial software DEFORM 3D has been compared to the experimental results of stresses, temperatures and tool forces in machining of AISI D3 and A1SI H13 steel using mixed ceramic inserts （CC6050）. In the following analysis, orthogonal cutting models are proposed, considering several processing parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. An exhaustive friction modelling at the tool-work interface is carried out. Work material flow around the cut- ting edge is carefully modelled with adaptive re-meshing simulation capability of DEFORM 3D. The process simulations are performed at constant feed rate （0.075 mm/r） and cutting speed （155 m/min）, and analysis is focused on stresses, forces and temperatures generated during the pro- cess of machining. Close agreement is observed between the CAE simulation and experimental values.展开更多
文摘The present paper is to know how the work is carried out in the field of biomechanics of knee. Various model formulations are discussed and further classified into mathematical model, two-dimensional model and three-dimensional model. Knee geometry is a crucial part of human body movement, in which how various views of knee is shown in different planes and how the forces act on tibia and femur are studied. It leads to know the forces acting on the knee joint. Experimental studies of knee geometry and forces acting on knee shown by various researchers have been discussed, and comparisons of results are made. In addition, static and dynamic analysis of knee has been also discussed respectively to some extent.
文摘In manufacturing sector, hard turning has emerged as a vital machining process for cutting hardened steels. Besides many advantages of hard turning operations, one has to implement to achieve close tolerances in terms of surface finish, high product quality, reduced machining time, low operating cost and environmental friendly characteristics. In the study, three dimensional （3D） computer aided engineering （CAE） based simulation of hard turning by using commercial software DEFORM 3D has been compared to the experimental results of stresses, temperatures and tool forces in machining of AISI D3 and A1SI H13 steel using mixed ceramic inserts （CC6050）. In the following analysis, orthogonal cutting models are proposed, considering several processing parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. An exhaustive friction modelling at the tool-work interface is carried out. Work material flow around the cut- ting edge is carefully modelled with adaptive re-meshing simulation capability of DEFORM 3D. The process simulations are performed at constant feed rate （0.075 mm/r） and cutting speed （155 m/min）, and analysis is focused on stresses, forces and temperatures generated during the pro- cess of machining. Close agreement is observed between the CAE simulation and experimental values.
