Pregnancy requires several changes in the body of the mother to successfully carry and deliver a child.Multiple alterations occur,including changes in cardiovascular system to meet the increased demands of the mother ...Pregnancy requires several changes in the body of the mother to successfully carry and deliver a child.Multiple alterations occur,including changes in cardiovascular system to meet the increased demands of the mother and placenta,the tilting of the hypercoagulable status to a more pro-coagulable state to prevent excessive blood loss post-delivery,and immunologic manipulations to protect the mother and fetus and decreasing the risk of a fatal immunologic response to the allogeneic fetus.These alterations are physiologically normal and expected,but can become pathologic when thresholds are crossed.Pregnancy may cause or exacerbate underlying retinal vascular diseases,a class of disorders compromised predominantly of retinal vein occlusion(RVO),retinal artery occlusion(RAO),central serous retinopathy(CSR),diabetic retinopathy,and hypertensive-related retinopathy,which includes pre-eclampsia,eclampsia,and hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and low platelets(HELLP)syndrome.The majority of the literature on retinal changes associated with pregnancy has focused on diabetic retinopathy,while the knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and treatment options of other pregnancy-related vascular diseases remains scarce.Understanding the implications pregnancy has on these rare,but severe,retinal vascular complications can help guide clinical management and potential treatment modalities.This paper aims to serve as a review of the retinal manifestations of diseases outside of diabetic retinopathy.展开更多
文摘Pregnancy requires several changes in the body of the mother to successfully carry and deliver a child.Multiple alterations occur,including changes in cardiovascular system to meet the increased demands of the mother and placenta,the tilting of the hypercoagulable status to a more pro-coagulable state to prevent excessive blood loss post-delivery,and immunologic manipulations to protect the mother and fetus and decreasing the risk of a fatal immunologic response to the allogeneic fetus.These alterations are physiologically normal and expected,but can become pathologic when thresholds are crossed.Pregnancy may cause or exacerbate underlying retinal vascular diseases,a class of disorders compromised predominantly of retinal vein occlusion(RVO),retinal artery occlusion(RAO),central serous retinopathy(CSR),diabetic retinopathy,and hypertensive-related retinopathy,which includes pre-eclampsia,eclampsia,and hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and low platelets(HELLP)syndrome.The majority of the literature on retinal changes associated with pregnancy has focused on diabetic retinopathy,while the knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and treatment options of other pregnancy-related vascular diseases remains scarce.Understanding the implications pregnancy has on these rare,but severe,retinal vascular complications can help guide clinical management and potential treatment modalities.This paper aims to serve as a review of the retinal manifestations of diseases outside of diabetic retinopathy.
