Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL) is a rare disease in pediatric age group. A thirteen-yearold male child presented with complaints of headache for six months, vomiting and diplopia for three days. Magnet...Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL) is a rare disease in pediatric age group. A thirteen-yearold male child presented with complaints of headache for six months, vomiting and diplopia for three days. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a single lesion of 1.7 cm × 1.6 cm × 1.6 cm in the mid brain and tectum. He underwent a gross total resection of the tumor. The histopathological evaluation revealed B cell high grade non Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient was treated with High dose methotrexate and cranio spinal radiation. The patient was alive without disease 12 mo after completion of treatment. This case highlights importance of keeping PCNSL as differential in brain stem lesions of pediatric patients also. Radiation and chemotherapy remains the most important treatment for such patients.展开更多
The novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has impacted health care worldwide,with specific patient populations,such as those with diabetes,cardiovascular disease,and chronic lung disease,at higher risk of i...The novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has impacted health care worldwide,with specific patient populations,such as those with diabetes,cardiovascular disease,and chronic lung disease,at higher risk of infection and others at higher risk of disease progression.Patients with decompensated cirrhosis fall into the latter category and are a unique group that require specific treatment and management decisions because they can develop acute-on-chronic liver failure.In liver transplant recipients,the atypical immunity profile due to immunosuppression protects against downstream inflammatory responses triggered by COVID-19.This exhaustive review discusses the outcomes associated with COVID-19 in patients with advanced cirrhosis and in liver transplant recipients.We focus on the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19,its correlation with the pathogenesis of advanced liver disease,and the effect of immunosuppression in liver transplant recipients to provide insight into the outcomes of this unique patient population.展开更多
文摘Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL) is a rare disease in pediatric age group. A thirteen-yearold male child presented with complaints of headache for six months, vomiting and diplopia for three days. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a single lesion of 1.7 cm × 1.6 cm × 1.6 cm in the mid brain and tectum. He underwent a gross total resection of the tumor. The histopathological evaluation revealed B cell high grade non Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient was treated with High dose methotrexate and cranio spinal radiation. The patient was alive without disease 12 mo after completion of treatment. This case highlights importance of keeping PCNSL as differential in brain stem lesions of pediatric patients also. Radiation and chemotherapy remains the most important treatment for such patients.
文摘The novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has impacted health care worldwide,with specific patient populations,such as those with diabetes,cardiovascular disease,and chronic lung disease,at higher risk of infection and others at higher risk of disease progression.Patients with decompensated cirrhosis fall into the latter category and are a unique group that require specific treatment and management decisions because they can develop acute-on-chronic liver failure.In liver transplant recipients,the atypical immunity profile due to immunosuppression protects against downstream inflammatory responses triggered by COVID-19.This exhaustive review discusses the outcomes associated with COVID-19 in patients with advanced cirrhosis and in liver transplant recipients.We focus on the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19,its correlation with the pathogenesis of advanced liver disease,and the effect of immunosuppression in liver transplant recipients to provide insight into the outcomes of this unique patient population.
