Analysis of the distribution characteristics of enterovirus types based on environmental surveillance from 2013 to 2021 in Fujian Province, China

Environmental surveillance (ES) is a useful approach for monitoring circulating viruses, including polioviruses (PVs) and non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs). In this study, the results of nine years of ES from 2013 to 2021 at six sampling sites in three cities in Fujian Province, China, were summarized. It showed that the sewage samples contained abundant viruses, but the positive rate was affected by different sampling sites. From the 520 samples, 431 PVs, 1,713 NPEVs, and 281 human adenoviruses (HAdVs) were isolated. PV isolates had been markedly affected following the adjustment of the immunization strategy. All but one PV isolate were Sabin-like strains without wild PVs. One isolate was vaccine-derived PV type 3 with 10 variation points in theVP1 region. After May 2016, PV type 2 was no longer detected, and PV type 3 became a superior serotype. Of 1,713 NPEVs, 24 serotypes were identified, including echovirus11 (E11), E6, coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), CVB5, E7, and E3 were the predominant serotypes (37.65%, 20.96%, 11.50%, 8.87%, 8.23%, and 7.06%, respectively). The temporal dynamic of the six common serotypes was inconsistent. E3 was frequently isolated, but the number of isolates was low, with no obvious peaks. E6, E7, and CVB3 exhibited periodic changes with a high peak every three to four years, and E11 only had one high peak lasting four years. Summer-fall peaks of the echoviruses and spring-winter peaks of CVB were observed in the monthly distribution of virus isolation. The infectious isolates of various serotypes of different species identified from the sewage samples showed that ES is an essential part of pathogen surveillance.

Optimal Dispatch for Flexible Uncertainty Sets in Multi-energy Systems: An IGDT Based Two-stage Decision Framework

The operational stability and economy of multi-energy systems(MES)are threatened by various uncertainties,such as variable renewable energy power,energy demands,and weather conditions.Most of the existing methods for the dispatch decisions of MES are based on the prescribed probability distribution or uncertainty sets of random variables,which have many disadvantages,such as potential infeasibility and over-conservatism.In this paper,we propose a novel dispatch model for MES that integrates dispatch decision making,uncertainty set selection,and operational cost control into a unified framework.First,the deterministic dispatch model of MES is introduced,in which the physical characteristics of district heating systems and buildings are fully considered.Then,a novel decision framework that combines the two-stage dispatch strategy and info-gap decision theory(IGDT)is proposed for MES,where the uncertainty set is flexible and can be optimized based on the operational cost budget.Finally,a revised algorithm,based on the column-and-constraint generation method,is proposed for the model.Case studies are performed on MES that includes a 33-bus distribution system and a heating network modified from a real 51-node network located in Jinlin Province,China.The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Optimal Gestational Weight Gain for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—China,2011–2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?Joint effects of gestational weight gain(GWG)and hyperglycemia on adverse pregnancy outcomes suggest that lower optimal GWG is optimal for women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).However,there is still a lack of guidelines.What is added by this report?Optimal weekly GWG range after diagnosis of GDM for underweight,normal-weight,overweight,and obese women was 0.37–0.56 kg/week,0.26–0.48 kg/week,0.19–0.32 kg/week,and 0.12–0.23 kg/week,respectively.What are the implications for public health practice?The findings may be used to inform prenatal counseling regarding optimal gestational weight gain for women with gestational diabetes mellitus,and suggest the need for weight gain management.

Weekly Weight Gain in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Neonatal Birth Weight - China, 2011–2021

What is already known about this topic?Elevated gestational weight gain(GWG)during pregnancy among women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is correlated with an increased instance of large for gestational age(LGA)and macrosomia.However,it remains uncertain whether managing weekly GWG following a GDM diagnosis positively impacts fetal birth weight.What is added by this report?Our study found that GWG following GDM diagnosis correlates positively with the risk of LGA and macrosomia among all body mass index(BMI)subgroups,especially for overweight and obese women.What are the implications for public health practice?The results of this research highlight the importance of enforcing a more stringent regulation on GWG on a weekly basis for overweight and obese women diagnosed with GDM,particularly when considering neonatal growth.