A Robust Approach for Detection and Classification of KOA Based on BILSTM Network

A considerable portion of the population now experiences osteoarthritis of the knee,spine,and hip due to lifestyle changes.Therefore,early treatment,recognition and prevention are essential to reduce damage;nevertheless,this time-consuming activity necessitates a variety of tests and in-depth analysis by physicians.To overcome the existing challenges in the early detection of Knee Osteoarthritis(KOA),an effective automated technique,prompt recognition,and correct categorization are required.This work suggests a method based on an improved deep learning algorithm that makes use of data from the knee images after segmentation to detect KOA and its severity using the Kellgren-Lawrence(KL) classification schemes,such as Class-I,Class-II,Class-III,and Class-IV.Utilizing ResNet to segregate knee pictures,we first collected features from these images before using the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)architecture to classify them.Given that the technique is a pre-trained network and doesn’t require a large training set,the Mendeley VI dataset has been utilized for the training of the proposed model.To evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested model,cross-validation has also been employed using the Osteoarthritis Initiative(OAI)dataset.Furthermore,our suggested technique is more resilient,which overcomes the challenge of imbalanced training data due to the hybrid architecture of our proposed model.The suggested algorithm is a cuttingedge and successful method for documenting the successful application of the timely identification and severity categorization of KOA.The algorithm showed a cross-validation accuracy of 78.57%and a testing accuracy of 84.09%.Numerous tests have been conducted to show that our suggested algorithm is more reliable and capable than the state-of-the-art at identifying and categorizing KOA disease.

Data Augmentation and Random Multi-Model Deep Learning for Data Classification

In the machine learning(ML)paradigm,data augmentation serves as a regularization approach for creating ML models.The increase in the diversification of training samples increases the generalization capabilities,which enhances the prediction performance of classifiers when tested on unseen examples.Deep learning(DL)models have a lot of parameters,and they frequently overfit.Effectively,to avoid overfitting,data plays a major role to augment the latest improvements in DL.Nevertheless,reliable data collection is a major limiting factor.Frequently,this problem is undertaken by combining augmentation of data,transfer learning,dropout,and methods of normalization in batches.In this paper,we introduce the application of data augmentation in the field of image classification using Random Multi-model Deep Learning(RMDL)which uses the association approaches of multi-DL to yield random models for classification.We present a methodology for using Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)to generate images for data augmenting.Through experiments,we discover that samples generated by GANs when fed into RMDL improve both accuracy and model efficiency.Experimenting across both MNIST and CIAFAR-10 datasets show that,error rate with proposed approach has been decreased with different random models.

Automatic Crop Expert System Using Improved LSTM with Attention Block

Agriculture plays an important role in the economy of any country.Approximately half of the population of developing countries is directly or indirectly connected to the agriculture field.Many farmers do not choose the right crop for cultivation depending on their soil type,crop type,and climatic requirements like rainfall.This wrong decision of crop selection directly affects the production of the crops which leads to yield and economic loss in the country.Many parameters should be observed such as soil characteristics,type of crop,and environmental factors for the cultivation of the right crop.Manual decision-making is time-taking and requires extensive experience.Therefore,there should be an automated system for the right crop recommendation to reduce human efforts and loss.An automated crop recommender system should take these parameters as input and suggest the farmer’s right crop.Therefore,in this paper,a long short-term memory Network with an attention block has been proposed.The proposed model contains 27 layers,the first of which is a feature input layer.There exist 25 hidden layers between them,and an output layer completes the structure.Through these levels,the proposed model enables a successful recommendation of the crop.Additionally,the dropout layer’s regularization properties aids in reduction of overfitting of the model.In this paper,a customized novel long short-term memory(LSTM)model is proposed with a residual attention block that recommends the right crop to farmers.Evaluation metrics used for the proposed model include f1-score,recall,precision,and accuracy attaining values as 95.69%,96.56%,96.9%,and 97.26%respectively.

Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network MSER-Based Approach for Payable Document Processing

A tremendous amount of vendor invoices is generated in the corporate sector.To automate the manual data entry in payable documents,highly accurate Optical Character Recognition(OCR)is required.This paper proposes an end-to-end OCR system that does both localization and recognition and serves as a single unit to automate payable document processing such as cheques and cash disbursement.For text localization,the maximally stable extremal region is used,which extracts a word or digit chunk from an invoice.This chunk is later passed to the deep learning model,which performs text recognition.The deep learning model utilizes both convolution neural networks and long short-term memory(LSTM).The convolution layer is used for extracting features,which are fed to the LSTM.The model integrates feature extraction,modeling sequence,and transcription into a unified network.It handles the sequences of unconstrained lengths,independent of the character segmentation or horizontal scale normalization.Furthermore,it applies to both the lexicon-free and lexicon-based text recognition,and finally,it produces a comparatively smaller model,which can be implemented in practical applications.The overall superior performance in the experimental evaluation demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed model.The model is thus generic and can be used for other similar recognition scenarios.

Learning Patterns from COVID-19 Instances

Coronavirus disease,which resulted from the SARS-CoV-2 virus,has spread worldwide since early 2020 and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization(WHO).Coronavirus disease is also termed COVID-19.It affects the human respiratory system and thus can be traced and tracked from the Chest X-Ray images.Therefore,Chest X-Ray alone may play a vital role in identifying COVID-19 cases.In this paper,we propose a Machine Learning(ML)approach that utilizes the X-Ray images to classify the healthy and affected patients based on the patterns found in these images.The article also explores traditional,and Deep Learning(DL)approaches for COVID-19 patterns from Chest X-Ray images to predict,analyze,and further understand this virus.The experimental evaluation of the proposed approach achieves 97.5% detection performance using the DL model for COVID-19 versus normal cases.In contrast,for COVID-19 versus Pneumonia Virus scenario,we achieve 94.5% accurate detections.Our extensive evaluation in the experimental section guides and helps in the selection of an appropriate model for similar tasks.Thus,the approach can be used for medical usages and is particularly pertinent in detecting COVID-19 positive patients using X-Ray images alone.

Dates Fruit Recognition: From Classical Fusion to Deep Learning

There are over 200 different varieties of dates fruit in the world.Interestingly,every single type has some very specific features that differ from the others.In recent years,sorting,separating,and arranging in automated industries,in fruits businesses,and more specifically in dates businesses have inspired many research dimensions.In this regard,this paper focuses on the detection and recognition of dates using computer vision and machine learning.Our experimental setup is based on the classical machine learning approach and the deep learning approach for nine classes of dates fruit.Classical machine learning includes the Bayesian network,Support Vector Machine,Random Forest,and Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),while the Convolutional Neural Network is used for the deep learning set.The feature set includes Color Layout features,Fuzzy Color and Texture Histogram,Gabor filtering,and the Pyramid Histogram of the Oriented Gradients.The fusion of various features is also extensively explored in this paper.The MLP achieves the highest detection performance with an F-measure of 0.938.Moreover,deep learning shows better accuracy than the classical machine learning algorithms.In fact,deep learning got 2%more accurate results as compared to the MLP and the Random forest.We also show that classical machine learning could give increased classification performance which could get close to that provided by deep learning through the use of optimized tuning and a good feature set.