Although multiple advances have been made in systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma(RCC),metastatic RCC remains incurable.In the current review,we focus on the underlying biology of RCC and plausible mechanisms of ...Although multiple advances have been made in systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma(RCC),metastatic RCC remains incurable.In the current review,we focus on the underlying biology of RCC and plausible mechanisms of metastasis.We further outline evolving strategies to combat metastasis through adjuvant therapy.Finally,we discuss clinical patterns of metastasis in RCC and how distinct systemic therapy approaches may be considered based on the anatomic location of metastasis.展开更多
Systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)has evolved drastically,with agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)now representing a standard of...Systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)has evolved drastically,with agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)now representing a standard of care.The present paper is to review the current status of relevant clinical trials that were either recently completed or ongoing.(1)Though observation remains a standard of care following resection of localized disease,multiple trials are underway to assess VEGF-and mTOR-directed therapies in this setting.(2)While the preponderance of retrospective data favors cytoreductive nephrectomy in the context of targeted agents,prospective data to support this approach is still forthcoming.(3)The first-line management of mRCC may change substantially with multiple studies exploring vaccines,immune checkpoint inhibitors,and novel targeted agents currently underway.In general,prospective studies that will report within the next several years will be critical in defining the role of adjuvant therapy and cytoreductive nephrectomy.Over the same span of time,the current treatment paradigm for first-line therapy may evolve.展开更多
文摘Although multiple advances have been made in systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma(RCC),metastatic RCC remains incurable.In the current review,we focus on the underlying biology of RCC and plausible mechanisms of metastasis.We further outline evolving strategies to combat metastasis through adjuvant therapy.Finally,we discuss clinical patterns of metastasis in RCC and how distinct systemic therapy approaches may be considered based on the anatomic location of metastasis.
文摘Systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)has evolved drastically,with agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)now representing a standard of care.The present paper is to review the current status of relevant clinical trials that were either recently completed or ongoing.(1)Though observation remains a standard of care following resection of localized disease,multiple trials are underway to assess VEGF-and mTOR-directed therapies in this setting.(2)While the preponderance of retrospective data favors cytoreductive nephrectomy in the context of targeted agents,prospective data to support this approach is still forthcoming.(3)The first-line management of mRCC may change substantially with multiple studies exploring vaccines,immune checkpoint inhibitors,and novel targeted agents currently underway.In general,prospective studies that will report within the next several years will be critical in defining the role of adjuvant therapy and cytoreductive nephrectomy.Over the same span of time,the current treatment paradigm for first-line therapy may evolve.
