The Shanghai advanced proton therapy facility is a proton cancer treatment device designed and built by the Shanghai Institute of applied physics at the Chinese academy of sciences.The accelerator part comprises a pro...The Shanghai advanced proton therapy facility is a proton cancer treatment device designed and built by the Shanghai Institute of applied physics at the Chinese academy of sciences.The accelerator part comprises a proton linear accelerator(linac)injector and a circular synchrotron.An alternating current current transformer(ACCT)is used for non-intercepting beam current measurement at the drift tube linac exit.According to the beam characteristics,the ACCT is required to complete real-time beam current and pulse width measurements at currents of3-30 mA,frequencies of 1-10 Hz,and pulse widths of40-400μs.In this paper,we report the design and development of an ACCT.The designed ACCT was simulated using CST Microwave Studio,and calibrated using an oscilloscope and signal generator.Variations in the output signal of the ACCT were investigated as a function of ceramic gap size,number of coil turns,and resistance.According to the simulation and experimental results,the optimal number of coil turns was found to be 30.In addition,a low-pass filter was adopted to filter the noise introduced during long-distance signal transmission using a coaxial cable with the length of 20 m.The calibration results show that the corresponding rise time of the ACCT is 800 ns with the sensitivity of 8.2 V/A and a droop of less than 1%,meeting the design requirements.展开更多
It is generally acknowledged that language-change is universal,continuous,and,to very considerable extent,regular.The universality and continuity of the process of language-change is noted greatly.All living languages...It is generally acknowledged that language-change is universal,continuous,and,to very considerable extent,regular.The universality and continuity of the process of language-change is noted greatly.All living languages are subject to it.The core of language-change is lexical,and a language ' s vocabulary change proves to be more revolutionary for the language ' s slow evolution.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China(MOE)(No.021312921002)。
文摘The Shanghai advanced proton therapy facility is a proton cancer treatment device designed and built by the Shanghai Institute of applied physics at the Chinese academy of sciences.The accelerator part comprises a proton linear accelerator(linac)injector and a circular synchrotron.An alternating current current transformer(ACCT)is used for non-intercepting beam current measurement at the drift tube linac exit.According to the beam characteristics,the ACCT is required to complete real-time beam current and pulse width measurements at currents of3-30 mA,frequencies of 1-10 Hz,and pulse widths of40-400μs.In this paper,we report the design and development of an ACCT.The designed ACCT was simulated using CST Microwave Studio,and calibrated using an oscilloscope and signal generator.Variations in the output signal of the ACCT were investigated as a function of ceramic gap size,number of coil turns,and resistance.According to the simulation and experimental results,the optimal number of coil turns was found to be 30.In addition,a low-pass filter was adopted to filter the noise introduced during long-distance signal transmission using a coaxial cable with the length of 20 m.The calibration results show that the corresponding rise time of the ACCT is 800 ns with the sensitivity of 8.2 V/A and a droop of less than 1%,meeting the design requirements.
文摘It is generally acknowledged that language-change is universal,continuous,and,to very considerable extent,regular.The universality and continuity of the process of language-change is noted greatly.All living languages are subject to it.The core of language-change is lexical,and a language ' s vocabulary change proves to be more revolutionary for the language ' s slow evolution.
