A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstru...A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction by focused ion-scanning electron in combination with analysis of TOC,R_(o)values,X-ray diffraction etc.in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale in the Songliao Basin,NE China.Such pore characteristics and evolution study show that:(1)Organo-clay complex pore-fractures are developed in the shale matrix and in the form of spongy and reticular aggregates.Different from circular or oval organic pores discovered in other shales,a single organo-clay complex pore is square,rectangular,rhombic or slaty,with the pore diameter generally less than 200 nm.(2)With thermal maturity increasing,the elements(C,Si,Al,O,Mg,Fe,etc.)in organo-clay complex change accordingly,showing that organic matter shrinkage due to hydrocarbon generation and clay mineral transformation both affect organo-clay complex pore-fracture formation.(3)At high thermal maturity,the Qingshankou Formation shale is dominated by nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures with the percentage reaching more than 70%of total pore space.The spatial connectivity of organo-clay complex pore-fractures is significantly better than that of organic pores.It is suggested that organo-complex pore-fractures are the main pore space of laminar shale at high thermal maturity and are the main oil and gas accumulation space in the core area of continental shale oil.The discovery of nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures changes the conventional view that inorganic pores are the main reservoir space and has scientific significance for the study of shale oil formation and accumulation laws.展开更多
The report on the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes promoting green development,advancing harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,and ensuring energy security.At COP282023,existi...The report on the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes promoting green development,advancing harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,and ensuring energy security.At COP282023,existing climate targets were reinforced,and a fresh accord was reached for scientifically achieving net-zero carbon emission.The global energy market is being transformed,with oil and gas regaining prominence in energy security.Firms are concentrating on core competencies amidst transitions,though upstream investments show a gradual rebound.The global carbon dioxide capture and storage(CCS)projects has witnessed a significant rise,with Direct Air Capture(DAC)technology gaining attention.Carbon dioxide Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)is essential as a foundational technology for achieving dual carbon goals.In light of global future development goals and China’s national conditions,this article discusses the evolving trends in the international oil and gas sector alongside China’s domestic energy security landscape.It proposes prospective trajectories for the growth of China’s oil and gas sector and measures to guide and respond to challenges during the energy transition process,providing references for decision-making in the transformation of oil and gas companies.China has a high level of energy self-sufficiency,with the overall energy security situation remaining controllable.China’s oil and gas sector is seeing three-pronged progress:deepening exploration to 10,000s of meters,nano-level reservoir description,and reviving mature fields for a new era.Focusing on deep layer,deepwater,unconventional and mature oilfields,strengthening Belt and Road energy partnerships,enlarging reserves,optimizing pipeline network layout,implementing a smart risk-management ecosystem,and driving the CCUS technology revolution.展开更多
Based on the results of drilling,tests and simulation experiments,the shales of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin are discussed with respect to hydrocarbon generation evoluti...Based on the results of drilling,tests and simulation experiments,the shales of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin are discussed with respect to hydrocarbon generation evolution,shale oil occurrence,and pore/fracture evolution mechanism.In conjunction with a substantial amount of oil testing and production data,the Gulong shale oil enrichment layers are evaluated and the production behaviors and decline law are analyzed.The results are drawn in four aspects.First,the Gulong shales are in the stage of extensive hydrocarbon expulsion when R_(0) is 1.0%-1.2%,with the peak hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of 49.5%approximately.In the low-medium maturity stage,shale oil migrates from kerogen to rocks and organic pores/fractures.In the medium-high maturity stage,shale oil transforms from adsorbed state to free state.Second,the clay mineral intergranular pores/fractures,dissolution pores,and organic pores make up the majority of the pore structure.During the transformation,clay minerals undergo significant intergranular pore/fracture development between the minerals such as illite and illite/smectite mixed layer.A network of pores/fractures is formed by organic matter cracking.Third,free hydrocarbon content,effective porosity,total porosity,and brittle mineral content are the core indicators for the evaluation of shale oil enrichment layers.Class-I layers are defined as free hydrocarbon content equal or greater than 6.0 mg/g,effective porosity equal or greater than 3.5%,total porosity equal or greater than 8.0%,and brittle mineral content equal or greater than 50%.It is believed that the favourable oil layers are Q2-Q3 and Q8-Q9.Fourth,the horizontal wells in the core area of the light oil zone exhibit a high cumulative production in the first year,and present a hyperbolic production decline pattern,with the decline index of 0.85-0.95,the first-year decline rate of 14.5%-26.5%,and the single-well estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)greater than 2.0×10^(4)t.In practical exploration and production,more efforts will be devoted to the clarification of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mechanisms,accurate testing of porosity and hydrocarbon content/phase of shale under formation conditions,precise delineation of the boundary of enrichment area,relationship between mechanical properties and stimulated reservoir volume,and enhanced oil recovery,in order to improve the EUR and achieve a large-scale,efficient development of shale oil.展开更多
This paper systematically reviews the trend of carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)industry in the world and China,presents the CCUS projects,clusters,technologies and strategies/policies,and analyzes ...This paper systematically reviews the trend of carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)industry in the world and China,presents the CCUS projects,clusters,technologies and strategies/policies,and analyzes the CCUS challenges and countermeasures in China based on the comparison of CCUS industrial development at home and abroad.The global CCUS development has experienced three stages:exploration stage,policy driven stage,and dual-drive stage.Currently,the active large-scale CCUS projects around the world focus on enhanced oil recovery(EOR)and are expanding into storage in saline aquifers.The CCUS industry of China has evolved in three stages:exploration,pilot test,and industrialization.In the current critical period of transition from field test to industrialization,China’s CCUS projects are EOR-dominated.By comparing the industrial development of CCUS in China and abroad,it is found that the scale-up and industrialization of CCUS in China face challenges in technology,facilities and policies.Finally,future solutions to CCUS development in China are proposed as follows:strengthening the top-level design and planning of CCUS;developing high-efficiency and low-cost CCUS technologies throughout the whole industrial chain;deploying CCUS oil and gas+new energy clusters;improving the policy support system of CCUS;and strengthening discipline construction and personnel training,etc.展开更多
After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong ...After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong shale oil in terms of reservoir space, phase distribution, flow pattern, and mineral evolution are proposed. The main results are as follows :(1) The source of organic matter, mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and key factors affecting shale oil abundance;(2) The types and structural characteristics of the reservoir and their contribution to porosity and permeability;(3) The mineral origin and evolution of minerals and their influence on reservoir availability, sensitivity, and compressibility;(4) The rock mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation law of Gulong shale;(5) The shale oil products, phase change law and main control factors of adsorption and desorption conversion of Gulong shale oil;(6) The mechanism of shale oil-liquid, solid-liquid gas interaction and enhanced oil recovery. Three key research suggestions are proposed to realize the large-scale economic utilization of the Gulong shale oil as follows:(1) Deepen research on the mechanism of oil and gas generation and discharge, storage and transportation, to guide the selection of geological sweet spots of shale oil;(2) Deepen research on the compressibility and fracture initiation mechanism to support the selection of engineering sweet spots and optimization of engineering design;(3) Deepen research on the fluid interaction mechanism under reservoir conditions, os us to guide the optimization of development schemes and the selection of EOR technologies. A successful development of Gulong shale oil requires global experts and scholars to contribute multidisciplinary innovative ideas and technical ideas to solve production problems.展开更多
基金Supported by Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program(ZY20B13)。
文摘A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction by focused ion-scanning electron in combination with analysis of TOC,R_(o)values,X-ray diffraction etc.in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale in the Songliao Basin,NE China.Such pore characteristics and evolution study show that:(1)Organo-clay complex pore-fractures are developed in the shale matrix and in the form of spongy and reticular aggregates.Different from circular or oval organic pores discovered in other shales,a single organo-clay complex pore is square,rectangular,rhombic or slaty,with the pore diameter generally less than 200 nm.(2)With thermal maturity increasing,the elements(C,Si,Al,O,Mg,Fe,etc.)in organo-clay complex change accordingly,showing that organic matter shrinkage due to hydrocarbon generation and clay mineral transformation both affect organo-clay complex pore-fracture formation.(3)At high thermal maturity,the Qingshankou Formation shale is dominated by nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures with the percentage reaching more than 70%of total pore space.The spatial connectivity of organo-clay complex pore-fractures is significantly better than that of organic pores.It is suggested that organo-complex pore-fractures are the main pore space of laminar shale at high thermal maturity and are the main oil and gas accumulation space in the core area of continental shale oil.The discovery of nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures changes the conventional view that inorganic pores are the main reservoir space and has scientific significance for the study of shale oil formation and accumulation laws.
文摘The report on the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes promoting green development,advancing harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,and ensuring energy security.At COP282023,existing climate targets were reinforced,and a fresh accord was reached for scientifically achieving net-zero carbon emission.The global energy market is being transformed,with oil and gas regaining prominence in energy security.Firms are concentrating on core competencies amidst transitions,though upstream investments show a gradual rebound.The global carbon dioxide capture and storage(CCS)projects has witnessed a significant rise,with Direct Air Capture(DAC)technology gaining attention.Carbon dioxide Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)is essential as a foundational technology for achieving dual carbon goals.In light of global future development goals and China’s national conditions,this article discusses the evolving trends in the international oil and gas sector alongside China’s domestic energy security landscape.It proposes prospective trajectories for the growth of China’s oil and gas sector and measures to guide and respond to challenges during the energy transition process,providing references for decision-making in the transformation of oil and gas companies.China has a high level of energy self-sufficiency,with the overall energy security situation remaining controllable.China’s oil and gas sector is seeing three-pronged progress:deepening exploration to 10,000s of meters,nano-level reservoir description,and reviving mature fields for a new era.Focusing on deep layer,deepwater,unconventional and mature oilfields,strengthening Belt and Road energy partnerships,enlarging reserves,optimizing pipeline network layout,implementing a smart risk-management ecosystem,and driving the CCUS technology revolution.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project(42090020,42090025)Strategic Research of Oil and Gas Development Major Project of Ministry of Science and TechnologyPetroChina Scientific Research and Technological Development Project(2019E2601).
文摘Based on the results of drilling,tests and simulation experiments,the shales of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin are discussed with respect to hydrocarbon generation evolution,shale oil occurrence,and pore/fracture evolution mechanism.In conjunction with a substantial amount of oil testing and production data,the Gulong shale oil enrichment layers are evaluated and the production behaviors and decline law are analyzed.The results are drawn in four aspects.First,the Gulong shales are in the stage of extensive hydrocarbon expulsion when R_(0) is 1.0%-1.2%,with the peak hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of 49.5%approximately.In the low-medium maturity stage,shale oil migrates from kerogen to rocks and organic pores/fractures.In the medium-high maturity stage,shale oil transforms from adsorbed state to free state.Second,the clay mineral intergranular pores/fractures,dissolution pores,and organic pores make up the majority of the pore structure.During the transformation,clay minerals undergo significant intergranular pore/fracture development between the minerals such as illite and illite/smectite mixed layer.A network of pores/fractures is formed by organic matter cracking.Third,free hydrocarbon content,effective porosity,total porosity,and brittle mineral content are the core indicators for the evaluation of shale oil enrichment layers.Class-I layers are defined as free hydrocarbon content equal or greater than 6.0 mg/g,effective porosity equal or greater than 3.5%,total porosity equal or greater than 8.0%,and brittle mineral content equal or greater than 50%.It is believed that the favourable oil layers are Q2-Q3 and Q8-Q9.Fourth,the horizontal wells in the core area of the light oil zone exhibit a high cumulative production in the first year,and present a hyperbolic production decline pattern,with the decline index of 0.85-0.95,the first-year decline rate of 14.5%-26.5%,and the single-well estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)greater than 2.0×10^(4)t.In practical exploration and production,more efforts will be devoted to the clarification of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mechanisms,accurate testing of porosity and hydrocarbon content/phase of shale under formation conditions,precise delineation of the boundary of enrichment area,relationship between mechanical properties and stimulated reservoir volume,and enhanced oil recovery,in order to improve the EUR and achieve a large-scale,efficient development of shale oil.
基金Supported by the Petrochina Science and Technology Project(2021ZZ01).
文摘This paper systematically reviews the trend of carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)industry in the world and China,presents the CCUS projects,clusters,technologies and strategies/policies,and analyzes the CCUS challenges and countermeasures in China based on the comparison of CCUS industrial development at home and abroad.The global CCUS development has experienced three stages:exploration stage,policy driven stage,and dual-drive stage.Currently,the active large-scale CCUS projects around the world focus on enhanced oil recovery(EOR)and are expanding into storage in saline aquifers.The CCUS industry of China has evolved in three stages:exploration,pilot test,and industrialization.In the current critical period of transition from field test to industrialization,China’s CCUS projects are EOR-dominated.By comparing the industrial development of CCUS in China and abroad,it is found that the scale-up and industrialization of CCUS in China face challenges in technology,facilities and policies.Finally,future solutions to CCUS development in China are proposed as follows:strengthening the top-level design and planning of CCUS;developing high-efficiency and low-cost CCUS technologies throughout the whole industrial chain;deploying CCUS oil and gas+new energy clusters;improving the policy support system of CCUS;and strengthening discipline construction and personnel training,etc.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72088101)。
文摘After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong shale oil in terms of reservoir space, phase distribution, flow pattern, and mineral evolution are proposed. The main results are as follows :(1) The source of organic matter, mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and key factors affecting shale oil abundance;(2) The types and structural characteristics of the reservoir and their contribution to porosity and permeability;(3) The mineral origin and evolution of minerals and their influence on reservoir availability, sensitivity, and compressibility;(4) The rock mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation law of Gulong shale;(5) The shale oil products, phase change law and main control factors of adsorption and desorption conversion of Gulong shale oil;(6) The mechanism of shale oil-liquid, solid-liquid gas interaction and enhanced oil recovery. Three key research suggestions are proposed to realize the large-scale economic utilization of the Gulong shale oil as follows:(1) Deepen research on the mechanism of oil and gas generation and discharge, storage and transportation, to guide the selection of geological sweet spots of shale oil;(2) Deepen research on the compressibility and fracture initiation mechanism to support the selection of engineering sweet spots and optimization of engineering design;(3) Deepen research on the fluid interaction mechanism under reservoir conditions, os us to guide the optimization of development schemes and the selection of EOR technologies. A successful development of Gulong shale oil requires global experts and scholars to contribute multidisciplinary innovative ideas and technical ideas to solve production problems.
