中国家庭农场发展面临的机遇及路径选择

2013年中央一号文件提出了"家庭农场"农业经营理念,为中国现代农业发展提供了新的机遇,但家庭农场发展还面临诸如土地资源、市场风险和农民素质等问题。从学习先进国家家庭农场经验、健全家庭农场培育体系、做好土地流转工作、提高化解市场风险能力、提高农民综合素质和建立家庭农场保障体系等6个方面探索了中国家庭农场的发展路径。

现代农业科技创新SWOT分析

针对我国现代农业科技创新面临的优势、劣势、机遇与威胁,提出了国家政策支持、健全创新体系、加强资金投入、提高劳动者素质、完善市场机制和可持续发展等的现代农业科技创新发展对策,使我国的农业科技创新走上健康可持续发展道路,对现代农业科技创新和发展具有一定的指导意义。

论农业与生态文明建设

党的十八大提出的"生态文明建设"与农业发展息息相关,文章以农业发展为切入点探讨农业与生态文明之间的关系。农业与生态文明建设关系主要表现在农业设施与生态文明、农业环境与生态文明、农业产业与生态文明、农业科技与生态文明、农村文化与生态文明、农业政策与生态文明等方面。在科学发展指导下,只有做好农业设施投入、环境保护、资源节约、农业产业结构优化、现代农业科学技术合理利用、农村文化建设、农业政策制度建设等工作,才能实现人与自然的和谐相处,开拓农业生态文明发展道路。

中国农业科技创新与经济发展关系综合分析

农业科技创新与经济发展有着必然的联系,但目前对二者关系进行分析研究的文献较少。论文尝试分别运用专家调查定性方法和因子分析定量方法对二者之间的关系进行分析,进而运用证据理论对两种方法的分析结果进行信息融合。结果表明,该综合方法克服单一方法的片面性,使中国农业科技创新与经济发展关系的分析更具科学性。

基于多元回归的现代农业及农村新型科技服务行为影响因素分析

2015年中央一号文件提出加大改革创新力度,加快农业现代化建设,强化农业科技创新驱动作用,农业科技对现代农业及农村发展起到引领作用。为了更好地推进农业科技成果推广工作,本研究以江苏连云港市为例,在对全市3县2区的65个农业科技单位以及108个乡村进行问卷调研基础上,运用多元回归数学模型对现代农业及农村新型科技服务行为影响因素进行了定量分析,并提出了相应对策,旨在为农业科技服务提供指导。

中国农业科技创新成果供需均衡分析研究

目前中国农业科技创新成果的供给与需求还存在着不均衡现象,这势必影响到中国农业现代化的进程。论文尝试运用经济学原理对造成农业科技创新成果供需不均衡原因进行分析,提出加大农业科技创新的投入力度,优化创新资源,发挥政府在农业科技创新中的主导作用,提高农业科技创新人才素质,完善农业科技创新市场机制等相关对策,引导中国农业科技创新成果市场走向良性循环健康发展的道路。

现代农业及农村新型科技服务能力灰色聚类评价

将灰色关联理论和系统聚类的方法结合起来进行现代农业及农村新型科技服务能力评价,先运用灰色关联理论将现代农业及农村新型科技服务能力指标进行简化,再运用系统聚类模型对江苏省连云港市所辖县区的现代农业及农村新型科技服务能力进行聚类分析。结果表明,东海县和灌云县的农业科技服务能力较强,海州区和灌南县的农业科技服务能力一般,赣榆区的农业科技服务能力较弱。实证结论与连云港市农业及农村科技服务能力实际相吻合,表明该综合模型分析方法具有一定的科学性和实用性,是一种行之有效的区域农业及农村科技服务能力评价方法。

基于新制度经济学的中国农业及农村新型科技服务水平分析

本文从新制度经济学的视角,对中国农业及农村科技服务水平进行制度分析、交易费用分析和产权分析,并提出充分发挥政府宏观调控作用、提高农业从业人员素质和建立新型创新服务机制等对策。

现代农业及农村新型科技服务水平调查分析实证研究

为了更好地提高现代农业及农村新型科技服务水平,以江苏省连云港市为例,对连云港市的县区农业科技服务人员及广大农民进行了抽样问卷调查,并运用社会调查理论对调查结果进行系统分析。结果表明:提高连云港现代农业及农村新型科技服务水平还需做好金融支农、科技服务人员考核机制、农民教育、病虫害技术攻关、集中培训、乡镇农科站作用发挥等方面对策工作。

Comparative Research on Sino-US Agricultural Innovation Model in Science and Technology

This research was conducted to provide a comparative analysis of China's and US's agricultural innovation in science and technology and offer some guidance on the construction of agricultural innovation system in science and technology in China. The countermeasures are proposed with a hope to shorten China's and US's gap of agricultural innovation in science and technology by analyzing agricultural innovation model features in science and technology of the United States. The advantages of United States model of agricultural innovation in science and technology include sound legal framework safeguard, complete scientific and technological innovation system, high quality and talented personnel, sufficient technical development and extension funding, and extensive applications of modern agricultural high-tech. There is a gap in agricultural innovation between China and the United States. Agriculture innovation in science and technology in China should improve in several aspects such as agricultural legislation, construction of sound agricultural innovation system in science and technology, building first-class agricultural innovation and extension teams, establishing diversified channels for investment, and improving the applications of high technology in agriculture.

Influence of slope position and aspect on the vegetation attributes and treewater relations in forests of the central Himalayas

While the need for understanding the effects of topographical factors on forest structure and function is well recognized,comprehensive studies are scarce.This study evaluates the effect of slope aspect and slope position on water relations and forest attributes across six forest types occurring between 400 m and 2600 m altitude in the Central Himalaya(27°-38°N).We found that predawn tree water potential and soil water potential were generally higher on moist north slope aspect(-0.78±0.05 MPa and-3.34±0.18 MPa,respectively)than dry south slope aspect(-0.82±0.18 MPa and-3.77±0.18 MPa,respectively).Across six different forests,these values were higher at hill base(-0.71±0.06 MPa and-2.77±0.19 MPa,tree predawn water potential and soil water potential,respectively)than other topographical positions.The favorable effect of north aspect and hill base was also observed in maintaining soil water and tree water potential during the dry season.Vegetation attributes,such as species richness,unique species and plant density were also generally higher on north slope and hill base than southern aspect and lowest at hill top.Across forest types,the hill base provided shelter to 46 unique species,compared to 16-18 at the other positions,thus emphasizing its importance as refugia for species to survive climate change induced perturbations.The favorable conditions of hill base position not only contribute to increase in alpha diversity,but also to extended species distributional range.