Photocatalysis has become a focal point in research as a clean and sustainable technology with the potential to solve environmental problems and energy crises.The loading of noble-metal co-catalysts can substantially ...Photocatalysis has become a focal point in research as a clean and sustainable technology with the potential to solve environmental problems and energy crises.The loading of noble-metal co-catalysts can substantially improve the photocatalytic efficiency of semiconductors.Because the high cost and scarcity of noble metals markedly limit their large-scale applications,finding a noble-metal-alternative co-catalyst is crucial.MXene,a novel 2D transition metal material,has attracted considerable attention as a promising substitute for noble metal co-catalysts owing to its cost-efficiency,unique 2D layered structure,and excellent electrical,optical,and thermodynamic properties.This review focuses on the latest advancements in research on MXenes as co-catalysts in relatively popular photocatalytic applications(hydrogen production,CO2 reduction,nitrogen fixation,and organic pollutant oxidation).The synthesis methods and photocatalytic mechanisms of MXenes as co-catalysts are also summarized according to the type of MXene-based material.Finally,the crucial opportunities and challenges in the prospective development of MXene-based photocatalysts are outlined.We emphasize that modern techniques should be used to demonstrate the effects of MXenes on photocatalysis and that the photocatalytic activity of MXene-based photocatalysts can be further improved using defective engineering and recent phenomena such as the localized surface plasmon resonance effect and single-atom catalysis.展开更多
In-plane epitaxial growth of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) nanosheets on the surface of hexagonal phase WO_(3) nanorods was achieved by a facile solvothermal method.The unique 3D heterostructure not only enlarged the specific surface...In-plane epitaxial growth of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) nanosheets on the surface of hexagonal phase WO_(3) nanorods was achieved by a facile solvothermal method.The unique 3D heterostructure not only enlarged the specific surface area,but also red-shifted the absorption edge from 381 to 476 nm to improve the light harvesting ability,which largely enhanced the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.The H_(2) production rate of the best performing ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/WO_(3) photocatalyst(ZIS-2.5/W,the material with a molar rate of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(ZIS)to WO_(3)(W)of 2.5)was 300μmol·g^(–1)·h^(–1),around 417 times and 2 times higher than the rates of pristine WO_(3) and ZnIn_(2)S_(4),respectively.The apparent quantum efficiency for ZIS-2.5/W composite was up to 2.81%at 400 nm.Based on the difference in Fermi levels between WO_(3) and ZnIn_(2)S_(4),and the distribution of the redox active sites on WO_(3)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) heterostructure,a S-scheme electron transfer mechanism was proposed to illustrate the improved photocatalytic activity of WO_(3)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) heterojunction,which not only stimulated the spatial separation of the photogenerated charge carriers,but also maintained the strong reduction/oxidation ability of the photocatalyst.展开更多
文摘Photocatalysis has become a focal point in research as a clean and sustainable technology with the potential to solve environmental problems and energy crises.The loading of noble-metal co-catalysts can substantially improve the photocatalytic efficiency of semiconductors.Because the high cost and scarcity of noble metals markedly limit their large-scale applications,finding a noble-metal-alternative co-catalyst is crucial.MXene,a novel 2D transition metal material,has attracted considerable attention as a promising substitute for noble metal co-catalysts owing to its cost-efficiency,unique 2D layered structure,and excellent electrical,optical,and thermodynamic properties.This review focuses on the latest advancements in research on MXenes as co-catalysts in relatively popular photocatalytic applications(hydrogen production,CO2 reduction,nitrogen fixation,and organic pollutant oxidation).The synthesis methods and photocatalytic mechanisms of MXenes as co-catalysts are also summarized according to the type of MXene-based material.Finally,the crucial opportunities and challenges in the prospective development of MXene-based photocatalysts are outlined.We emphasize that modern techniques should be used to demonstrate the effects of MXenes on photocatalysis and that the photocatalytic activity of MXene-based photocatalysts can be further improved using defective engineering and recent phenomena such as the localized surface plasmon resonance effect and single-atom catalysis.
文摘In-plane epitaxial growth of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) nanosheets on the surface of hexagonal phase WO_(3) nanorods was achieved by a facile solvothermal method.The unique 3D heterostructure not only enlarged the specific surface area,but also red-shifted the absorption edge from 381 to 476 nm to improve the light harvesting ability,which largely enhanced the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.The H_(2) production rate of the best performing ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/WO_(3) photocatalyst(ZIS-2.5/W,the material with a molar rate of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(ZIS)to WO_(3)(W)of 2.5)was 300μmol·g^(–1)·h^(–1),around 417 times and 2 times higher than the rates of pristine WO_(3) and ZnIn_(2)S_(4),respectively.The apparent quantum efficiency for ZIS-2.5/W composite was up to 2.81%at 400 nm.Based on the difference in Fermi levels between WO_(3) and ZnIn_(2)S_(4),and the distribution of the redox active sites on WO_(3)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) heterostructure,a S-scheme electron transfer mechanism was proposed to illustrate the improved photocatalytic activity of WO_(3)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) heterojunction,which not only stimulated the spatial separation of the photogenerated charge carriers,but also maintained the strong reduction/oxidation ability of the photocatalyst.
