Comparison with Surgical Findings for the Accuracy of Routine MRI in Rotator Cuff Tears

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTT) and full-thickness rotator cuff tears(FTT) by comparing its findings with surgical findings as the gold standard and to improve the previous MRI accuracy in diagnosing rotator cuff tears (RCT) considering more variables. Methods: In 45 months, 804 patients underwent MRI shoulder joint. Among them, only 95 cases had undergone both MRI imaging and surgery accordingly. The patient records were evaluated retrospectively if MRI and surgery were performed within 40 days of MRI. MRI findings were categorized into PTT, FTT and no tears which were further divided into different types according to four main nominal data as variables viz. site, size, shape and muscle involvement in RCT and were correlated with surgical findings for statistical calculation by using Kappa coefficient and McNemar Bowker test. Results: 81 patients (86 RCTs) underwent surgery within 40 days. On the basis of site as variable, MRI correctly depicted 100% of full thickness tears(FTT), 85% of bursal partial thickness tears(PTT), 80.4% of articular partial thickness tears(PTT). The consistency in diagnosis of RCT between MRI and surgery was moderate (Kappa coefficient 0.645). Overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for diagnosing PTT was 87.3%, 53.3% and 81.3%;and that for FTT was 100%, 98.7% and 98.8% respectively. Likewise on the basis of size, shape and muscles involved, the consistency between MRI and surgery was poor for size and shape and moderate for muscles involved;and the difference in diagnosing RCT by MRI and surgery was significant for shape (P = 0.002) only, but not significant for size (P = 0.16) and for muscles involved (P = 0.206) respectively. The agreement between MRI and surgery in diagnosing calcific tendinitis and shoulder joint hematoma with Kappa coefficient is (0.577) and (0.556) respectively. Conclusion: MRI has better accuracy for detecting FTT and has high sensitivity and positive predictive value in diagnosing both PTT and FTT. Combining more others variables in addition to RCT, MRI offers a great value in diagnosing RCT.

MicroRNA and Its Role in Cardiovascular Disease

MicroRNAs play a key role in regulation of gene expression during cardiac development and cardiac remodeling. MicroRNAs that present in bodily fluids may?be?useful for screening, diagnosis or therapeutic implication as a treatment. MicroRNAs are relatively new approach targets for researchers and clinicians in today world.MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA (ncRNA) having approximately 21 to 25 nucleotides in length, and they mainly act as a transcriptional regulators of gene expression in diverse biological processes such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis to death and so on. There is no doubt that lethiferous cardiac disease is one of the most common causes of deaths worldwide.?MicroRNAs may regulate in several cardiovascular pathologies, not only limited to hypertrophy, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, myocardial infarction, dyslipidemias and congenital heart diseases, but in circulation and bodily fluids are potential novel biomarkers for above mentioned cardiac pathologies. Knowing abnormalities in genetic level, early and accurate detection, effective treatment and prevention is the ideal management of cardiovascular diseases in today’s world.However, every detail of an individual microRNA and their system is huge and beyond the scope of this article. Therefore, in this review we try to cover the overall major aspects of the microRNAs and its role in cardiovascular system.