Dear Editor,Tremendous efforts have been made globally to develop therapeutics and prophylactics against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)which has caused thousands of millions of infections ...Dear Editor,Tremendous efforts have been made globally to develop therapeutics and prophylactics against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)which has caused thousands of millions of infections and deaths worldwide.A series of potent neutralizing antibodies with defined epitopes targeting RBD have been recently identified with different strategies.However,being an RNA virus,the instability of the SARS-CoV-2 genome results in numerous S-protein variants with altered viral phenotypes.展开更多
As one of the most successful therapeutic target families,G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)have experienced a transformation from random ligand screening to knowledge-driven drug design.We are eye-witnessing tremendo...As one of the most successful therapeutic target families,G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)have experienced a transformation from random ligand screening to knowledge-driven drug design.We are eye-witnessing tremendous progresses made recently in the understanding of their structure-function relationships that facilitated drug development at an unprecedented pace.This article intends to provide a comprehensive overview of this important field to a broader readership that shares some common interests in drug discovery.展开更多
Compartmentation of enzymes via filamentation has arisen as a mechanism for the regulation of metabolism.In 2010,three groups independently reported that CTP synthase(CTPS)can assemble into a filamentous structure ter...Compartmentation of enzymes via filamentation has arisen as a mechanism for the regulation of metabolism.In 2010,three groups independently reported that CTP synthase(CTPS)can assemble into a filamentous structure termed the cytoophidium.In searching for CTPS-interacting proteins,here we perform a yeast two-hybrid screening of Drosophila proteins and identify a putative CTPS-interacting protein,△~1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase(P5CS).Using the Drosophila follicle cell as the in vivo model,we confirm that P5CS forms cytoophidia,which are associated with CTPS cytoophidia.Overexpression of P5CS increases the length of CTPS cytoophidia.Conversely,filamentation of CTPS affects the morphology of P5CS cytoophid ia.Finally,in vitro analyses confirm the filament-fo rming property of P5CS.Our work links CTPS with P5CS,two enzymes involved in the rate-limiting steps in pyrimidine and proline biosynthesis,respectively.展开更多
Olfactory receptors are poorly annotated for most genome-sequenced chordates.To address this deficiency,we developed a nhmmer-based olfactory receptor annotation tool Genome2OR(https://github.com/To Hanwei/Genome2OR.g...Olfactory receptors are poorly annotated for most genome-sequenced chordates.To address this deficiency,we developed a nhmmer-based olfactory receptor annotation tool Genome2OR(https://github.com/To Hanwei/Genome2OR.git),and used it to process 1,695 sequenced chordate genomes in the NCBI Assembly database as of January,2021.In total,765,248 olfactory receptor genes were annotated,with 404,426 functional genes and 360,822 pseudogenes,which represents a four-fold increase in the number of annotated olfactory receptors.Based on the annotation data,we built a database called Chordata Olfactory Receptor Database(CORD,https://cord.ihuman.shanghaitech.edu.cn)for archiving,analysing and disseminating the data.Beyond the primary data,we offer derivative information,including pictures of species,cross references to public databases,structural models,sequence similarity networks and sequence profiles in the CORD.Furthermore,we did brief analyses on these receptors,including building a huge protein sequence similarity network covering all receptors in the database,and clustering them into 20 communities,classifying the 20 communities into three categories based on their presences/absences in ray-finned fish and/or lobe-finned fish.We infer that olfactory receptors should have unique activation and desensitization mechanisms by analysing their sequences and structural models.We believe the CORD can benefit the researchers and the general public who are interested in olfaction.展开更多
MINDY-1 is a recently discovered new family of deubiquitinating enzymes(DUB),but one of its yeast homologs,YGL082 W,does not show any DUB activity in vitro.Sequence alignment shows that YGL082 W possesses the correct ...MINDY-1 is a recently discovered new family of deubiquitinating enzymes(DUB),but one of its yeast homologs,YGL082 W,does not show any DUB activity in vitro.Sequence alignment shows that YGL082 W possesses the correct catalytic triad,and yet did not catalyze either the hydrolysis of di-ubiquitin,crosslinking with C-terminally propargylated ubiquitin,or hydrolysis of ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin.After obtaining a crystal structure of the catalytic domain of YGL082 W,we identified an interesting difference between the catalytic center loop of YGL082 W and that of its human homolog MINDY-1.Because the conformation of the catalytic center loop was previously reported to be important for the deubiquitination activity of MINDY-1,we hypothesized that Glu27(instead of the corresponding Pro136 in MINDY-1) of the catalytic center loop of YGL082 W may impair the conformational change and account for the lack of activity.This hypothesis was supported by homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations,which showed that the Pro-to-Glu mutation(P136 E mutation for MINDY-1) creates a hydrogen bond that inhibits the conformation change of the catalytic center loop of MINDY-1.Further experiments through site-directed mutation validated this hypothesis,showing that the P27 E mutation caused MIY1(a homologous active DUB from yeast) to lose activity.展开更多
基金supported by ShanghaiTech,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Biomacromolecules and Precision Medicine at ShanghaiTech University(G.Z.),and grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China[Grant Nos.2017YFC1001301(G.Z.),2019YFA0111001(H.W.)]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Nos.31670919(H.W.),81822045(L.L.)]+1 种基金Lingang Laboratory(No.LG202101-01-07 to X.Y.),Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader[20XD1420300(L.L.)]Emergency response to new coronavirus infection scientific and technological project[YD9110002004(J.W.)],and Shanghai Sailing Program[20YF1430900(S.-M.Z.)].
文摘Dear Editor,Tremendous efforts have been made globally to develop therapeutics and prophylactics against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)which has caused thousands of millions of infections and deaths worldwide.A series of potent neutralizing antibodies with defined epitopes targeting RBD have been recently identified with different strategies.However,being an RNA virus,the instability of the SARS-CoV-2 genome results in numerous S-protein variants with altered viral phenotypes.
基金The authors acknowledge funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81872915(to M.-W.W.),81773792(to D.Y.),81973373(to D.Y.),21704064(to Q.Z.),31971362(to W.S.),31971178(to S.Z.),and 31770796(to Y.J.)National Science&Technology Major Project of China-Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program 2018ZX09735-001(to M.-W.W.),2018ZX09711002-002-005(to D.Y.),and 2018ZX09711002-002-002(to Y.J.)+4 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China 2018YFA0507000(to M.-W.W.,S.Z.,W.S.,and H.T.)Novo Nordisk-CAS Research Fund grant NNCAS-2017-1-CC(to D.Y.)The Belt and Road Master Fellowship program(to V.L.)UCAS Scholarship for International Students(to S.D.)and The CAS-TWAS President's Fellowship for International Doctoral Students(to E.Y.).
文摘As one of the most successful therapeutic target families,G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)have experienced a transformation from random ligand screening to knowledge-driven drug design.We are eye-witnessing tremendous progresses made recently in the understanding of their structure-function relationships that facilitated drug development at an unprecedented pace.This article intends to provide a comprehensive overview of this important field to a broader readership that shares some common interests in drug discovery.
基金supported by ShanghaiTech University,the UK Medical Research Council(Grant No.MC_UU_12021/3 and MC_U137788471)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31771490)。
文摘Compartmentation of enzymes via filamentation has arisen as a mechanism for the regulation of metabolism.In 2010,three groups independently reported that CTP synthase(CTPS)can assemble into a filamentous structure termed the cytoophidium.In searching for CTPS-interacting proteins,here we perform a yeast two-hybrid screening of Drosophila proteins and identify a putative CTPS-interacting protein,△~1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase(P5CS).Using the Drosophila follicle cell as the in vivo model,we confirm that P5CS forms cytoophidia,which are associated with CTPS cytoophidia.Overexpression of P5CS increases the length of CTPS cytoophidia.Conversely,filamentation of CTPS affects the morphology of P5CS cytoophid ia.Finally,in vitro analyses confirm the filament-fo rming property of P5CS.Our work links CTPS with P5CS,two enzymes involved in the rate-limiting steps in pyrimidine and proline biosynthesis,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122024,31971178)the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2018YFA0507000)ShanghaiTech University。
文摘Olfactory receptors are poorly annotated for most genome-sequenced chordates.To address this deficiency,we developed a nhmmer-based olfactory receptor annotation tool Genome2OR(https://github.com/To Hanwei/Genome2OR.git),and used it to process 1,695 sequenced chordate genomes in the NCBI Assembly database as of January,2021.In total,765,248 olfactory receptor genes were annotated,with 404,426 functional genes and 360,822 pseudogenes,which represents a four-fold increase in the number of annotated olfactory receptors.Based on the annotation data,we built a database called Chordata Olfactory Receptor Database(CORD,https://cord.ihuman.shanghaitech.edu.cn)for archiving,analysing and disseminating the data.Beyond the primary data,we offer derivative information,including pictures of species,cross references to public databases,structural models,sequence similarity networks and sequence profiles in the CORD.Furthermore,we did brief analyses on these receptors,including building a huge protein sequence similarity network covering all receptors in the database,and clustering them into 20 communities,classifying the 20 communities into three categories based on their presences/absences in ray-finned fish and/or lobe-finned fish.We infer that olfactory receptors should have unique activation and desensitization mechanisms by analysing their sequences and structural models.We believe the CORD can benefit the researchers and the general public who are interested in olfaction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0505200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21532004,91753205,81621002,21621003)Shanghai Tech University
文摘MINDY-1 is a recently discovered new family of deubiquitinating enzymes(DUB),but one of its yeast homologs,YGL082 W,does not show any DUB activity in vitro.Sequence alignment shows that YGL082 W possesses the correct catalytic triad,and yet did not catalyze either the hydrolysis of di-ubiquitin,crosslinking with C-terminally propargylated ubiquitin,or hydrolysis of ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin.After obtaining a crystal structure of the catalytic domain of YGL082 W,we identified an interesting difference between the catalytic center loop of YGL082 W and that of its human homolog MINDY-1.Because the conformation of the catalytic center loop was previously reported to be important for the deubiquitination activity of MINDY-1,we hypothesized that Glu27(instead of the corresponding Pro136 in MINDY-1) of the catalytic center loop of YGL082 W may impair the conformational change and account for the lack of activity.This hypothesis was supported by homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations,which showed that the Pro-to-Glu mutation(P136 E mutation for MINDY-1) creates a hydrogen bond that inhibits the conformation change of the catalytic center loop of MINDY-1.Further experiments through site-directed mutation validated this hypothesis,showing that the P27 E mutation caused MIY1(a homologous active DUB from yeast) to lose activity.