Hollow particles were prepared by the treatment of styrene-metbacrylic acid copolymer particles with alkali/cooling method. The influences of stirring position （in aqueous phase or at the interface of O/W） and stirr...Hollow particles were prepared by the treatment of styrene-metbacrylic acid copolymer particles with alkali/cooling method. The influences of stirring position （in aqueous phase or at the interface of O/W） and stirring speed （90, 110 and 240 r/min） on the formation of hollow particles were investigated. It is found that the soft stirring in aqueous phase at 90 r/min leads to the formation of monohollow particles, while the violent stirring at the interface of O/W and 240 r/min gives non-hollow products. In contrast, the weak stirring in aqueous phase at 110 r/min results in sterically heterogeneous dispersion of methacrylic acid-rich regions within the original particles, and hence the formation of multihollow particles. Further investigation indicates that the change of stirring efficiency provides a way to tune the diffusion behavior of monomer styrene, and therefore influences the distribution of methacrylic acid units in the original particles as well as the morphology of the treated particles.展开更多
PURPOSE: To describe the unique clinical features of phlyctenular keratitis, including the association with meibomitis, in young patients. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: The study population consisted of ...PURPOSE: To describe the unique clinical features of phlyctenular keratitis, including the association with meibomitis, in young patients. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: The study population consisted of 23 Japanese patients aged under 35 years with phlyctenular keratitis. We examined their clinical history, signs and symptoms, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), bacterial cultures of meibum, and the efficacy of antibiotics. The minimal diagnostic criteria included corneal nodules consisting of cellular infiltrates and superficial neovascularization. RESULTS: Of the 23 patients, 20 (87% )- were women, and 13 (56.5% ) had a history of chalazia. In all cases, the lesions and the severity of corneal nodules and neovascularization corresponded well with the location and the severity of meibomitis. The frequency of HLA- A26 and HLA- B35 was significantly increased in our patients (P=.003 and .016, respectively). Propionibacterium acnes in bacterial cultures of pure meibum in 12 of the 20 patients (60% ) was statistically more highly positive than those in four of the 17 age-matched normal control subjects (23.5% ; P=.028). CONCLUSION: The characteristics of phlyctenular keratitis in our cases include significantly higher prevalence in female patients, severity variation of ocular surface manifestation corresponding to meibomitis, specific HLA association, and possible P. acnes involvement.展开更多
The estrogen-responsive ring finger protein (Efp)- gene, one of estrogen receptor (ER) target genes, is considered to be essential for estrogen-dependent cell proliferation. To understand the estrogenic action on ovar...The estrogen-responsive ring finger protein (Efp)- gene, one of estrogen receptor (ER) target genes, is considered to be essential for estrogen-dependent cell proliferation. To understand the estrogenic action on ovarian cancer, we studied the relationships between Efp and ERs expressions and the correlations of Efp expression with clinicopathological parameters in epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods. The protein expressions for Efp, ERα and ERβ were examined by immunoblotting in 12 ovarian cancer cell lines. Efp mRNA expressions were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR in 12 ovarian cancer cell lines. A total of 100 surgical specimens diagnosed as epithelial ovarian cancer were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies for Efp, ERα and ERβ . Results. Efp protein was detected in 8 out of 12 cell lines. In Efp protein-positive cell lines, Efp mRNA was expressed higher than that in negative (P = 0.021). All of the Efp protein-positive cell lines simultaneously expressed either ERα or ERβ protein. By immunohistochemical staining, Efp immunoreactivity was detected in 63 out of 100 ovarian cancer specimens and positive signals were in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. There were significant correlations between Efp and ERα , ERβ immunoreactivity (Efp and ERα , P = 0.022; Efp and ERβ , P = 0.032). Efp expression was significantly higher in a subgroup with serous adenocarcinoma (P = 0.010) and with advanced disease (P = 0.026). No significant relationship was detected between Efp immunoreactivity and overall survival. Conclusion. The expression of Efp was detected in human epithelial ovarian cancer and high expression of Efp was correlated with advanced disease and serous adenocarcinoma, and ERs status.展开更多
基金Project supported by China Scholarship CouncilProject(09JJ3100) supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Hollow particles were prepared by the treatment of styrene-metbacrylic acid copolymer particles with alkali/cooling method. The influences of stirring position （in aqueous phase or at the interface of O/W） and stirring speed （90, 110 and 240 r/min） on the formation of hollow particles were investigated. It is found that the soft stirring in aqueous phase at 90 r/min leads to the formation of monohollow particles, while the violent stirring at the interface of O/W and 240 r/min gives non-hollow products. In contrast, the weak stirring in aqueous phase at 110 r/min results in sterically heterogeneous dispersion of methacrylic acid-rich regions within the original particles, and hence the formation of multihollow particles. Further investigation indicates that the change of stirring efficiency provides a way to tune the diffusion behavior of monomer styrene, and therefore influences the distribution of methacrylic acid units in the original particles as well as the morphology of the treated particles.
文摘PURPOSE: To describe the unique clinical features of phlyctenular keratitis, including the association with meibomitis, in young patients. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: The study population consisted of 23 Japanese patients aged under 35 years with phlyctenular keratitis. We examined their clinical history, signs and symptoms, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), bacterial cultures of meibum, and the efficacy of antibiotics. The minimal diagnostic criteria included corneal nodules consisting of cellular infiltrates and superficial neovascularization. RESULTS: Of the 23 patients, 20 (87% )- were women, and 13 (56.5% ) had a history of chalazia. In all cases, the lesions and the severity of corneal nodules and neovascularization corresponded well with the location and the severity of meibomitis. The frequency of HLA- A26 and HLA- B35 was significantly increased in our patients (P=.003 and .016, respectively). Propionibacterium acnes in bacterial cultures of pure meibum in 12 of the 20 patients (60% ) was statistically more highly positive than those in four of the 17 age-matched normal control subjects (23.5% ; P=.028). CONCLUSION: The characteristics of phlyctenular keratitis in our cases include significantly higher prevalence in female patients, severity variation of ocular surface manifestation corresponding to meibomitis, specific HLA association, and possible P. acnes involvement.
文摘The estrogen-responsive ring finger protein (Efp)- gene, one of estrogen receptor (ER) target genes, is considered to be essential for estrogen-dependent cell proliferation. To understand the estrogenic action on ovarian cancer, we studied the relationships between Efp and ERs expressions and the correlations of Efp expression with clinicopathological parameters in epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods. The protein expressions for Efp, ERα and ERβ were examined by immunoblotting in 12 ovarian cancer cell lines. Efp mRNA expressions were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR in 12 ovarian cancer cell lines. A total of 100 surgical specimens diagnosed as epithelial ovarian cancer were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies for Efp, ERα and ERβ . Results. Efp protein was detected in 8 out of 12 cell lines. In Efp protein-positive cell lines, Efp mRNA was expressed higher than that in negative (P = 0.021). All of the Efp protein-positive cell lines simultaneously expressed either ERα or ERβ protein. By immunohistochemical staining, Efp immunoreactivity was detected in 63 out of 100 ovarian cancer specimens and positive signals were in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. There were significant correlations between Efp and ERα , ERβ immunoreactivity (Efp and ERα , P = 0.022; Efp and ERβ , P = 0.032). Efp expression was significantly higher in a subgroup with serous adenocarcinoma (P = 0.010) and with advanced disease (P = 0.026). No significant relationship was detected between Efp immunoreactivity and overall survival. Conclusion. The expression of Efp was detected in human epithelial ovarian cancer and high expression of Efp was correlated with advanced disease and serous adenocarcinoma, and ERs status.
