Despite an increasing awareness of the potential of“orphan”or unimproved crops to contribute to food security and enhanced livelihoods for farmers,coordinated research agendas to facilitate production and use of orp...Despite an increasing awareness of the potential of“orphan”or unimproved crops to contribute to food security and enhanced livelihoods for farmers,coordinated research agendas to facilitate production and use of orphan crops by local communities are generally lacking.We provide an overview of the current knowledge on leafy vegetables with a focus on Gynandropsis gynandra,a highly nutritious species used in Africa and Asia,and highlight general and species-specific guidelines for participatory,genomics-assisted breeding of orphan crops.Key steps in genome-enabled orphan leafy vegetables improvement are identified and discussed in the context of Gynandropsis gynandra breeding,including:(1)germplasm collection and management;(2)product target definition and refinement;(3)characterization of the genetic control of key traits;(4)design of the‘process’for cultivar development;(5)integration of genomic data to optimize that‘process’;(6)multi-environmental participatory testing and end-user evaluation;and(7)crop value chain development.The review discusses each step in detail,with emphasis on improving leaf yield,phytonutrient content,organoleptic quality,resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and post-harvest management.展开更多
Forest growth is mainly currently monitored using in-situ measurements in northeast of China.To effectively monitor forest growth disturbance at large scale,we attempted to use remote sensing technique,particularly,ti...Forest growth is mainly currently monitored using in-situ measurements in northeast of China.To effectively monitor forest growth disturbance at large scale,we attempted to use remote sensing technique,particularly,time series MODIS data from 2004 to 2006.The annual time series of 8-day enhanced vegetation index(EVI) dataset was generated and smoothed using a Savitzky-Golay filter.The EVI trajectory during growth season was simulated using a logistic model. From the simulated trajectory,the EVI area of growth season and annual EVI entropy were calculated.These two factors were combined to map the disturbance regions of forest growth. Finally,the disturbance regions were verified using a set of random samples.The result indicates that the disturbance points have distinctively higher entropy and lower peak.Some of these points also show abrupt EVI decline during the midseason of the peak phases or double peaks.This approach is demonstrated to be feasible for disturbance monitoring of forest growth.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Applied Research Fund of the Netherlands Organization for Science under the Project“Utilizing the genome of the vegetable species Cleome gynandra for the development of improved cultivars for the West and East African markets”(Project Number:W.08.270.350)and the African Orphan Crops Consortium.
文摘Despite an increasing awareness of the potential of“orphan”or unimproved crops to contribute to food security and enhanced livelihoods for farmers,coordinated research agendas to facilitate production and use of orphan crops by local communities are generally lacking.We provide an overview of the current knowledge on leafy vegetables with a focus on Gynandropsis gynandra,a highly nutritious species used in Africa and Asia,and highlight general and species-specific guidelines for participatory,genomics-assisted breeding of orphan crops.Key steps in genome-enabled orphan leafy vegetables improvement are identified and discussed in the context of Gynandropsis gynandra breeding,including:(1)germplasm collection and management;(2)product target definition and refinement;(3)characterization of the genetic control of key traits;(4)design of the‘process’for cultivar development;(5)integration of genomic data to optimize that‘process’;(6)multi-environmental participatory testing and end-user evaluation;and(7)crop value chain development.The review discusses each step in detail,with emphasis on improving leaf yield,phytonutrient content,organoleptic quality,resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and post-harvest management.
文摘Forest growth is mainly currently monitored using in-situ measurements in northeast of China.To effectively monitor forest growth disturbance at large scale,we attempted to use remote sensing technique,particularly,time series MODIS data from 2004 to 2006.The annual time series of 8-day enhanced vegetation index(EVI) dataset was generated and smoothed using a Savitzky-Golay filter.The EVI trajectory during growth season was simulated using a logistic model. From the simulated trajectory,the EVI area of growth season and annual EVI entropy were calculated.These two factors were combined to map the disturbance regions of forest growth. Finally,the disturbance regions were verified using a set of random samples.The result indicates that the disturbance points have distinctively higher entropy and lower peak.Some of these points also show abrupt EVI decline during the midseason of the peak phases or double peaks.This approach is demonstrated to be feasible for disturbance monitoring of forest growth.
