Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, associated with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. The cause of PCOS is multi-factorial and the mechanism i...Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, associated with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. The cause of PCOS is multi-factorial and the mechanism is still unclear. A number of complications are closely related with PCOS such as infertility, hairy and obesity. Approximately up to one-third of females with PCOs have issues with infertility. Obesity is an independent factor which exacerbates infertility in PCOS, reduces the efficacy of infertility treatment and provokes a greater risk of miscarriage. Preconception counseling and guidelines play an initial major role in infertility treatment. The option of the most appropriate treatment depends upon various factors such as age, tubal patency, quality of sperm, experience, and duration of previous treatments and the level of anxiety of the couple. Tubal patency test and semen analysis are mandatory to decide the suitable treatment. Treatment modalities have two measures—non-pharmacological and the pharmacological. Oral clomiphene citrate remains the first line treatment to trigger ovulation. Gonadotrophin and laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) surgery are the other treatment option. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer are the third line treatment and IVF remains the first option in the patient with diagnosed and established bilateral tubal occlusion and/or concentration of recovered motile sperm less than or equal to 5 million. Here, etiology, pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of PCOS are reviewed, and perspectives are given for further research. The recent development, treatment, and diagnosis of PCOS are also highlighted. The summary will be of guiding significance in the prevention and treatment of PCOS.展开更多
Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of modified Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang (GSZT) with the Western medicines in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: All the relevant studies were collected by searching the ...Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of modified Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang (GSZT) with the Western medicines in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: All the relevant studies were collected by searching the Pubmed, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Journals database, and Wanfang database from their inception to October 2017. After the assessment, the eligible ones were subject to Jadad score. The meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Totally 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 962 patients were enrolled. The clinical efficacy of analysis showed that modified GSZT with the Western medicines can significantly improve the clinical total effective rate [OR = 4.64, 95%CI (3.03, 7.12), P −14.58, 95%CI (−16.49, −12.68), P −12.62 95%CI (−18.69, −6.54), P −49.88, 95%CI (−77.6, −22.09), P −5.34, 95%CI (−5.86, −4.82), P < 0.001]. The adverse events had been seen in both of the two groups, however, the clinical symptoms of the group on modified GSZT with the Western medicines were obviously reduced than the other one [OR = 0.25, 95%CI (0.10, 0.61), Z = 3.06, P < 0.01]. This system review shows that the modified GSZT with the Western medicines improved the clinical efficacy, symptoms and the blood biochemical indicators were improved significantly than that of Western medicines alone on rheumatoid arthritis. At the same time, it can reduce adverse effects and enhance safety.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), analyze the risk factors of ROP, and put forward effective screening strategies, to reduce its incidence. Background: Retinopathy of prematu...Objective: To investigate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), analyze the risk factors of ROP, and put forward effective screening strategies, to reduce its incidence. Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye disease that can happen in new born premature (born early) babies or have weigh less than 3 pounds at birth. ROP happens when abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina. There are multiple risk factors, which are causing the ROP. In our study we will analyses the risk factors of ROP. Methods: From February 2016 to August 2021, 190 premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who received inpatient care and ophthalmic screening was selected as study subjects. ROP group (n = 32) and non-ROP group (n = 158) were selected, and the clinical data of the two groups were compared. Including oxygen concentration, mechanical ventilation, broncho pulmonic dysplasia, delivery mode (cesarean section, vaginal delivery), blood transfusion, anemia, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, fetal distress, preterm birth weight, gestation age, etc. Women were divided into two groups according to whether they had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or not: gestational diabetic (n = 38) and non-gestational diabetics (n = 152). Age, pregnancy times, birth times, oxygen inhalation, birth weight, and gestational age were compared between the two groups. The X<sup>2</sup> test for counting data and the t-test for measuring data are then conducted according to the distribution characteristics of the data, The correlation analysis between ROP and a single risk factor was performed by chi-square test, and the analysis of the correlation between many risk factors and ROP was conducted by Logistic regression analysis. Results: 1) The incidence of ROP in the GDM group was higher than that in the non-GDM group (P P > 0.05). 3) Univariate analysis showed that oxygen use, birth weight, gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and fetal distress in the ROP group and non-ROP group were statistically significant (P P > 0.05). 4) Logistic multivariate analysis showed that oxygen use, gestational hypertension, diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, fetal distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, birth weight, and gestational age were the main risk factors for ROP. Conclusion: 1) Gestational diabetes mellitus is a high-risk factor for ROP. 2) Oxygen inhalation, birth weight, and gestational age are related to the occurrence and development of ROP. 3) In determining the initial screening time for ROP.展开更多
文摘Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, associated with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. The cause of PCOS is multi-factorial and the mechanism is still unclear. A number of complications are closely related with PCOS such as infertility, hairy and obesity. Approximately up to one-third of females with PCOs have issues with infertility. Obesity is an independent factor which exacerbates infertility in PCOS, reduces the efficacy of infertility treatment and provokes a greater risk of miscarriage. Preconception counseling and guidelines play an initial major role in infertility treatment. The option of the most appropriate treatment depends upon various factors such as age, tubal patency, quality of sperm, experience, and duration of previous treatments and the level of anxiety of the couple. Tubal patency test and semen analysis are mandatory to decide the suitable treatment. Treatment modalities have two measures—non-pharmacological and the pharmacological. Oral clomiphene citrate remains the first line treatment to trigger ovulation. Gonadotrophin and laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) surgery are the other treatment option. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer are the third line treatment and IVF remains the first option in the patient with diagnosed and established bilateral tubal occlusion and/or concentration of recovered motile sperm less than or equal to 5 million. Here, etiology, pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of PCOS are reviewed, and perspectives are given for further research. The recent development, treatment, and diagnosis of PCOS are also highlighted. The summary will be of guiding significance in the prevention and treatment of PCOS.
文摘Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of modified Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang (GSZT) with the Western medicines in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: All the relevant studies were collected by searching the Pubmed, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Journals database, and Wanfang database from their inception to October 2017. After the assessment, the eligible ones were subject to Jadad score. The meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Totally 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 962 patients were enrolled. The clinical efficacy of analysis showed that modified GSZT with the Western medicines can significantly improve the clinical total effective rate [OR = 4.64, 95%CI (3.03, 7.12), P −14.58, 95%CI (−16.49, −12.68), P −12.62 95%CI (−18.69, −6.54), P −49.88, 95%CI (−77.6, −22.09), P −5.34, 95%CI (−5.86, −4.82), P < 0.001]. The adverse events had been seen in both of the two groups, however, the clinical symptoms of the group on modified GSZT with the Western medicines were obviously reduced than the other one [OR = 0.25, 95%CI (0.10, 0.61), Z = 3.06, P < 0.01]. This system review shows that the modified GSZT with the Western medicines improved the clinical efficacy, symptoms and the blood biochemical indicators were improved significantly than that of Western medicines alone on rheumatoid arthritis. At the same time, it can reduce adverse effects and enhance safety.
文摘Objective: To investigate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), analyze the risk factors of ROP, and put forward effective screening strategies, to reduce its incidence. Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye disease that can happen in new born premature (born early) babies or have weigh less than 3 pounds at birth. ROP happens when abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina. There are multiple risk factors, which are causing the ROP. In our study we will analyses the risk factors of ROP. Methods: From February 2016 to August 2021, 190 premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who received inpatient care and ophthalmic screening was selected as study subjects. ROP group (n = 32) and non-ROP group (n = 158) were selected, and the clinical data of the two groups were compared. Including oxygen concentration, mechanical ventilation, broncho pulmonic dysplasia, delivery mode (cesarean section, vaginal delivery), blood transfusion, anemia, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, fetal distress, preterm birth weight, gestation age, etc. Women were divided into two groups according to whether they had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or not: gestational diabetic (n = 38) and non-gestational diabetics (n = 152). Age, pregnancy times, birth times, oxygen inhalation, birth weight, and gestational age were compared between the two groups. The X<sup>2</sup> test for counting data and the t-test for measuring data are then conducted according to the distribution characteristics of the data, The correlation analysis between ROP and a single risk factor was performed by chi-square test, and the analysis of the correlation between many risk factors and ROP was conducted by Logistic regression analysis. Results: 1) The incidence of ROP in the GDM group was higher than that in the non-GDM group (P P > 0.05). 3) Univariate analysis showed that oxygen use, birth weight, gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and fetal distress in the ROP group and non-ROP group were statistically significant (P P > 0.05). 4) Logistic multivariate analysis showed that oxygen use, gestational hypertension, diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, fetal distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, birth weight, and gestational age were the main risk factors for ROP. Conclusion: 1) Gestational diabetes mellitus is a high-risk factor for ROP. 2) Oxygen inhalation, birth weight, and gestational age are related to the occurrence and development of ROP. 3) In determining the initial screening time for ROP.
