Objective: To make phytochemical studies of the leaf, pericarp and seed of Coffea benghalensis(C. Benghalensis) compared with those of the widely known Coffea arabica and Coffea liberica. Methods: The sample extracts ...Objective: To make phytochemical studies of the leaf, pericarp and seed of Coffea benghalensis(C. Benghalensis) compared with those of the widely known Coffea arabica and Coffea liberica. Methods: The sample extracts were prepared by Soxhlet-extraction. Polyphenol content was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, the identification was carried out based on the retention time, UV and mass spectra of standards and literature data of the detected compounds. Results: Phenolic acids like caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids and coumaroylquinic acid, as well as mangiferin were detected as main constituents in all extracts. Procyanidin trimers were present exclusively in the leaves. In C. benghalensis, main constituents were 5-caffeoylquinic acid and 4-caffeoylquinic acid. Flavan-3-ols were described in all immature and mature pericarp and leaf extracts. Even though 4-feruloylquinic acid was described in both immature and mature seed, dicaffeoylquinic acids were identified only in the mature seed extracts. Mangiferin was present in the leaf, mature pericarp and seed. Conclusions: These analyses provide new chemotaxonomical data for the selected coffees, especially for C. benghalensis. Due to its high polyphenol content, our results indicate its significance of providing new data as a possible source for industry.展开更多
Aims Understanding the role of genetics in biological invasions has become an important aspect for modern plant ecology.Many studies suggest that increased ploidy level benefits the success of an invasive species,but ...Aims Understanding the role of genetics in biological invasions has become an important aspect for modern plant ecology.Many studies suggest that increased ploidy level benefits the success of an invasive species,but the basis for this phenomenon is not fully understood.in its native,North American range,Solidago gigantea has three geo-cytotypes comprising di-,tetra-and hexa-ploid populations,while in Europe,where it is highly invasive,S.gigantea stands are composed primarily of tetraploid individu-als.Our study investigates whether North American hexaploids can induce a greater risk of invasion,due to their higher perfor-mance in a non-native range,as compared to the existing tetra-ploids of that range.Methods We performed greenhouse and common garden experiments along with microsatellite analyses to test whether differences in chromo-some number and origin of the species mean superior fitness in the introduced range.Important Findings Genetic diversity was significantly higher in the native hexaploid popula-tions(A_(R)=6.04;H_(e)=0.7794),rather than the non-native tetraploid pop-ulations(A_(R)=4.83;H_(e)=0.6869).Furthermore,differentiation between geo-cytotypes was moderate(ρST=0.1838),which was also confirmed by their clear segregation in principal component analysis and structure analyses,proving their different genetic structure.in contrast to genetic diversity,the non-native tetraploid geo-cytotype performed better in the common garden experiment,implying that higher genetic diversity does not always mean better success.Our results suggest that native hexa-ploids do not present a greater risk,as assessed by their performance in the introduced range,when compared to the non-native tetraploids,as was suggested by previous studies.Nevertheless,their introduction is still undesirable due to their different genetic structure,which,through hybridization,could give a new drive to the invasion of S.gigantea.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Grant of the University of Pécs(PTEáOK KA-2017-27)
文摘Objective: To make phytochemical studies of the leaf, pericarp and seed of Coffea benghalensis(C. Benghalensis) compared with those of the widely known Coffea arabica and Coffea liberica. Methods: The sample extracts were prepared by Soxhlet-extraction. Polyphenol content was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, the identification was carried out based on the retention time, UV and mass spectra of standards and literature data of the detected compounds. Results: Phenolic acids like caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids and coumaroylquinic acid, as well as mangiferin were detected as main constituents in all extracts. Procyanidin trimers were present exclusively in the leaves. In C. benghalensis, main constituents were 5-caffeoylquinic acid and 4-caffeoylquinic acid. Flavan-3-ols were described in all immature and mature pericarp and leaf extracts. Even though 4-feruloylquinic acid was described in both immature and mature seed, dicaffeoylquinic acids were identified only in the mature seed extracts. Mangiferin was present in the leaf, mature pericarp and seed. Conclusions: These analyses provide new chemotaxonomical data for the selected coffees, especially for C. benghalensis. Due to its high polyphenol content, our results indicate its significance of providing new data as a possible source for industry.
文摘Aims Understanding the role of genetics in biological invasions has become an important aspect for modern plant ecology.Many studies suggest that increased ploidy level benefits the success of an invasive species,but the basis for this phenomenon is not fully understood.in its native,North American range,Solidago gigantea has three geo-cytotypes comprising di-,tetra-and hexa-ploid populations,while in Europe,where it is highly invasive,S.gigantea stands are composed primarily of tetraploid individu-als.Our study investigates whether North American hexaploids can induce a greater risk of invasion,due to their higher perfor-mance in a non-native range,as compared to the existing tetra-ploids of that range.Methods We performed greenhouse and common garden experiments along with microsatellite analyses to test whether differences in chromo-some number and origin of the species mean superior fitness in the introduced range.Important Findings Genetic diversity was significantly higher in the native hexaploid popula-tions(A_(R)=6.04;H_(e)=0.7794),rather than the non-native tetraploid pop-ulations(A_(R)=4.83;H_(e)=0.6869).Furthermore,differentiation between geo-cytotypes was moderate(ρST=0.1838),which was also confirmed by their clear segregation in principal component analysis and structure analyses,proving their different genetic structure.in contrast to genetic diversity,the non-native tetraploid geo-cytotype performed better in the common garden experiment,implying that higher genetic diversity does not always mean better success.Our results suggest that native hexa-ploids do not present a greater risk,as assessed by their performance in the introduced range,when compared to the non-native tetraploids,as was suggested by previous studies.Nevertheless,their introduction is still undesirable due to their different genetic structure,which,through hybridization,could give a new drive to the invasion of S.gigantea.
