Overview of surface ozone variability in East Asia-North Pacific region during IGAC/APARE(1994—1996)

Surface ozone(O\-3) was measured at Oki Island(Japan), Cheju Island(South Korea), Lanyu Island(Taiwan Province, China), Cape D'Aguilar(Hong Kong SAR) and Lin'an, Longfenshan, Waliguan(China mainland) during January 1994—December 1996 as a component of IGAC/APARE(International Global Atmospheric Chemistry/East Asia-North Pacific Regional Experiment). This paper gave a joint discussion on the observational results at these stations over the study region. Investigations showed that the average of surface O 3 mixing ratios at the seven sites are 47.9±15.8, 48.1±17.9, 30.2±16.4, 31.6±17.5, 36.3±17.5, 34.8±11.5 and 48.2±9.5 ppbv, respectively. Significant diurnal variations of surface O 3 have been observed at Oki, Cheju, D’Aguilar, Lin'an and Longfenshan. Their annual averaged diurnal differences range from 8 to 23 ppbv and differ in each season. Surface O 3 at Lanyu and Waliguan do not show strong diurnal variability. Seasonal cycles of surface O 3 showed difference at the temperate and the subtropical remote sites. Oki has a summer minimum-spring maximum, while Lanyu has a summer minimum-autumn maximum. The suburban sites at D'Aguilar and Lin'an report high-level O 3 in autumn and low level O 3 in summer. Surface O 3 remains high in autumn and low in winter at the rural site Longfenshan. For the global background station Waliguan, surface O 3 exhibits a broad spring-summer maximum and autumn-winter minimum. The backward air trajectories to these sites have shown different pathways of long-range transport of air pollution from East Asia Continent to North Pacific Ocean. Surface O 3 was found to be strongly and positively correlated with CO at Oki and Lanyu, especially in spring and autumn, reflecting the substantial photochemical buildup of O\-3 on a regional scale. It is believed that the regional sources of pollution in East Asia have enhanced the average surface O 3 concentrations in the background atmosphere of North Pacific.

Applying Score Reliability Fusion to Bi-Model Emotional Speaker Recognition

Emotion mismatch between training and testing is one of the important factors causing the performance degradation of speaker recognition system. In our previous work, a bi-model emotion speaker recognition (BESR) method based on virtual HD (High Different from neutral, with large pitch offset) speech synthesizing was proposed to deal with this problem. It enhanced the system performance under mismatch emotion states in MASC, while still suffering the system risk introduced by fusing the scores from the unreliable VHD model and the neutral model with equal weight. In this paper, we propose a new BESR method based on score reliability fusion. Two strategies, by utilizing identification rate and scores average relative loss difference, are presented to estimate the weights for the two group scores. The results on both MASC and EPST shows that by using the weights generated by the two strategies, the BESR method achieve a better performance than that by using the equal weight, and the better one even achieves a result comparable to that by using the best weights selected by exhaustive strategy.

Planning of Anti-Disaster Transformer Substation Based on NN and PSO

Recently, the frequent extreme natural disasters made enormous damage to the electric grid leading to blackouts. The lifeline system aiming at providing continuous power supply for the important load in extreme natural disasters was designed in that condition. In this paper, a developed model for planning of the transformer substation in lifeline system? which considered the effect of existing transformer substations, the motivated areas and punishment areas was proposed. The Hopfield NN was adopted to solve the feeders and the PSO was adopted to new the locations of the transformer substations based on the feeders. The planning result not only took fully use of the existing substation but also get the suitable location for new construction which was satisfactory.