亚致死剂量阿维菌素和氟虫睛处理小菜蛾对寄生蜂菜蛾绒茧蜂生长发育的影响(英文)

分别在小菜蛾体内的菜蛾绒茧蜂处于卵期、早期幼虫和中期幼虫时,饲喂小菜蛾2龄幼虫亚致死剂量(=LC10)的阿维菌素和氟虫睛,研究上述杀虫剂处理对寄主体内菜蛾绒茧蜂结茧率和羽化率的影响。结果表明:在菜蛾绒茧蜂处于卵期、早期幼虫和中期幼虫时,饲喂小菜蛾LC10剂量阿维菌素处理的菜叶后,菜蛾绒茧蜂的结茧率分别下降26.6%,22.8%和5.8%,饲喂小菜蛾LC10剂量氟虫睛处理的菜叶后,菜蛾绒茧蜂的结茧率分别下降76.9%,42.5%和18.5%。上述阿维菌素处理对菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫羽化率影响不显著,但上述氟虫睛处理可显著抑制菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫羽化率,在菜蛾绒茧蜂处于卵期、早期幼虫和中期幼虫时,饲喂小菜蛾LC10剂量氟虫睛处理的菜叶可导致菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫羽化率分别下降53.1%,36.1%和47.8%。结果显示,即便是对寄主小菜蛾幼虫很低的剂量(LC10剂量)也会显著危害小菜蛾幼虫体内的菜蛾绒茧蜂的生长发育。此外,饲喂小菜蛾幼虫亚致死剂量杀虫剂对菜蛾绒茧蜂生长发育的影响与杀虫剂种类及蛾绒茧蜂发育阶段有关。

杀扑磷抗性获得对奥氏钝绥螨发育历期与繁殖能力的影响

为探索杀扑磷抗性获得对奥氏钝绥螨Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha发育历期与繁殖能力的影响,研究了在25℃与30℃温度下,奥氏钝绥螨的杀扑磷抗性系与敏感系的发育历期与繁殖能力。结果表明:奥氏钝绥螨的杀扑磷抗性系与敏感系的交配产卵行为习性没有差异。在25℃与30℃温度下,奥氏钝绥螨的各发育历期、产卵期、产卵高峰期,每雌日产卵量与总产卵量,卵孵化率及雌雄成螨性比等,在杀扑磷抗性系与敏感性系之间无明显差异。结果说明杀扑磷抗性获得对奥氏钝绥螨的发育历期与繁殖能力没有明显影响。

菜蚜茧蜂对六种杀虫剂抗药性的季节性变化(英文)

采用药膜法研究了福州建新和闽侯上街菜蚜茧蜂Diaeretiella rapae对杀虫剂抗药性的季节性变化.田间菜蚜茧蜂种群在网室内脱离选择压力后对杀虫剂敏感性显著升高.与敏感的F21子代的LC50相比,2002年6月8日至2004年11月18日期间,建新菜区菜蚜茧蜂对甲胺磷、氟虫腈、阿维菌素、氰戊菊酯和吡虫啉的抗性倍数分别为11.8～31.2,9.3～14.7,9.3～35.7,7.0～16.6,和13.3～30.1倍;2003年6月5日至2004年12月17日期间,上街菜区菜蚜茧蜂对甲胺磷、氟虫腈、阿维菌素、氰戊菊酯和吡虫啉的抗性倍数分别为7.5～34.9,4.0～14.3,9.2～38.6,7.8～18.9和12.1～24.2倍.田间菜蚜茧蜂种群在5月份和6月初抗性水平最高,12月份较低,6月末最低,尤其在6月份期间20天内抗性水平急剧下降.研究结果表明,田间菜蚜茧蜂对6种杀虫剂的抗性水平在脱离选择压力后不稳定,且呈显著的季节性变化.

温度对杀扑磷抗性奥氏钝绥螨Amblyseius womersleyi(Acari:Phytoseiidae)繁殖适合度的影响

研究了奥氏钝绥螨杀扑磷抗性种群在20℃、25℃与30℃温度下的繁殖适合度.结果表明,在20～30℃温度范围培养下,随着温度的升高,奥氏钝绥螨杀扑磷抗性种群的各发育历期缩短,雌性比降低,每雌日产卵量升高,但在25℃温度下每雌总产卵量均明显高于在20℃与30℃的每雌总产卵量.25℃温度是室内人工繁育奥氏钝绥螨杀扑磷抗性种群的最适温度.

Mechanisms of resistance to spinosad in the western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis （Pergande） （Thysanoptera： Thripidae）

Cross-resistance, resistance mechanisms, and mode of inheritance of spinosad resistance were studied in the western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis （Pergande）. Spinosad （naturalyte insecticide） showed low cross-resistance to prothiophos （organophosphorus insecticide） and chlorphenapyr （respiratory inhibitor） showed some cross-resistance to thiocyclam （nereistoxin）. The synergists PBO （piperonyl butoxide）, DEM （diethyl maleate）, and DEF （s,s,s-tributyl phosphorotrithioate） did not show any synergism on the toxicity of spinosad in the resistant strain （ICS）, indicating that metabolic- mediated detoxification was not responsible for the spinosad resistance, suggesting that spinosad may reduce sensitivity of the target site： the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and GABA receptor. Following reciprocal crosses, dose-response lines and dominance ratios indicated that spinosad resistance was incompletely dominant and there were no maternal effects. The results of backcross showed that spinosad resistance did not fit a single-gene hypothesis, suggesting that resistance was influenced by several genes.

Identification and characterization of a cytochrome P450 C YP6CX1 putatively associated with insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci

The novel full length of cytochrome P450 gene has been isolated in insecticideresistant （named CYP6CXlvl） and -susceptible （named CYP6CXlv2） Bemisia tabaci, which was identified as B biotype, in Shangjie, Fujian, China （Sj）. CYP6CX1 （1 940 bp contained a 1 557 bp open reading frame） included conserved domains common to CYP6 members, such as heme-binding motif PFGEGPRFCIA, putative ＂meander＂-binding sequence ETLR and PERF in helix-K, oxygen-binding motif AGLDPV and conserved sequence PEKFNP near the carboxyl end. There were four different replacements of amino acid residues between R and S B. tabaci （Thr300 Ala, Thr354Pro, Arg486His and Ile503Thr）, among which the substitution Ile503Thr was located in the substrate recognition sites region. The mRNA transcription level of CYP6CXlvl was 2.38-fold as high as that of CYP6CXlv2. The results indicated that the CFP6CX1 from the B biotype B. tabaci in Sj was one of the CYP6 members, and enhanced CYP6CX1 expression and substitute of amino acid residues might be involved in the resistance mechanisms in field B. tabaci.

Positive correlation of methamidophos resistance between Lipaphis erysimi and Diaeretilla rapae and effects of methamidophos ingested by host insect on the parasitoid

Temporal and spatial correlated variations on the methamidophos resistance and biomolecular rate constant of acetylcholinesterase to insecticides were found between the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi and its endoparasitoid, Diaeretilla rapae, collected from field colonies and an insecticide-free field insectarium in Fujian, China. Compared to the related susceptible insectarium population, L. erysimi and D. rapae displayed 7.4-29.2- and 2.6- 9.2-fold resistance ratios, respectively. In addition, two populations ofL. erysimi with different methamidophos resistance levels, that is, a field （with 5.8-fold resistance ratio） and an insectarium population, were used to study the effects of methamidophos ingested by the host insect on D. rapae development. The percentage of D. rapae cocoon formation decreased significantly when the parasitized L. erysimi were fed on cauliflower leaves treated with methamidophos at lethal concentration dosages 10 （LC50） or LC520. At LC50 dosages the percentage of D. rapae cocoon formation and adult emergence decreased significantly. When the parasitized L. erysimi were fed on methamidophos at LC50 dosage, no D. rapae cocoons were found. When the field or insectarium L. erysimi were treated with methamidophos at LC50, the susceptibility to methamidophos in the adult D. rapae emerged from the treated host insect was similar to the control. However, the susceptibility to methamidophos in the adult D. rapae became lower than the control when the host insects were treated at LC50 dosages. The data thus suggested that the methamidophos ingested by the host insect L. erysimi could be an important factor in the endoparasitoids＇ insecticide resistance development. The natural selectivity would favor the parasitoids that had developed an insensitivity to the insecticide（s）.

Seasonal changes of resistance to fenvalerate and cypermethrin in the larval parasitoid Cotesia plutellae （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）

在 hymenopteranCotesia plutellae 的杀虫药剂抵抗和稳定性的季节的变化，从 Jianxin， Fuzhou 城市，和 Shangjie 镇定， Minhou 县，福建，中国，被使用一个干燥剩余电影方法估计。抵抗到在 C 的地人口的二杀虫药剂。plutellae 不在在养虫室的没有杀虫药剂的条件下面是稳定的。与 C 的易受影响的 F_(11 ) 子孙相比。在养虫室的 plutellae ，在 F_0 父母的抵抗比率( RR )为氰戊菊酯是 18.4 并且 11.4 为氯氰菊酯基于在 9 个小时的LC_( 50 )，并且 32.8 为氰戊菊酯并且 28.5 分别地在 第9a 24 个小时为基于在 24 点的LC_( 50 )， theparasitoids 是左的在的小时与杀虫药剂联系 1 个小时和死亡的氯氰菊酯被记录。然而，在 C 的一张地人口的 RR。plutellae 是 9.2 forfenvalerate 并且 12.7 为氯氰菊酯，如果 parasitoids 在与杀虫药剂的接触是左的 24 个小时了。到在另外的地人口的二 pyrethroids 的电阻从 2000 年 11 月收集了 fromJianxin 和 Shangjie， 2004 年 7 月也被决定。到在 C 的地人口的二杀虫药剂的抵抗的重要季节变化。plutellae 被发现。RR 是 3.0—18.4 为氰戊菊酯并且 4.8—20.6 为在到 2002 年 4 月的从 2000 年 11 月的 Jianxin 人口的氯氰菊酯基于在为在到 2004 年 7 月的从 2002 年 5 月的 Shangjie 人口的氰戊菊酯和 3.6-16.0for 氯氰菊酯的 9 h，和 2.3-13.6 的 LC_(50 ) 基于在 24 个小时的 LC_(50 ) 。抵抗层次在春天和秋天高并且在夏天严厉地减少了。另外，重要恢复从组合式由杀虫药剂引起了在 F_0 和 C 的地人口被发现。如果 parasitoidswere 在与 pyrethroids 的接触离开了 1 个小时，对氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯抵抗的 plutellae。然而，没有恢复在 susceptibleF_(11 ) 被发现子孙。