戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus, HEV)是一种单链、非包膜的RNA病毒,目前可分为8个基因型。作为一种人兽共患病原体,HEV能引起人的急性病毒性肝炎和动物的感染,其主要的传播途径为粪-口传播,也可通过输血和母婴传播。HEV主要在发展中...戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus, HEV)是一种单链、非包膜的RNA病毒,目前可分为8个基因型。作为一种人兽共患病原体,HEV能引起人的急性病毒性肝炎和动物的感染,其主要的传播途径为粪-口传播,也可通过输血和母婴传播。HEV主要在发展中国家流行,而欧美等发达国家也有散发的病例。目前,检测HEV的常用方法是实时荧光定量RT-PCR和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),也有学者利用反转录重组酶聚合酶扩增(RT-RPA)和CRISPR系统等新型检测方法进行HEV检测。在药物治疗方面,可用利巴韦林、干扰素或多烯磷脂酰胆碱(PPC)等化合物治疗HEV引起的感染,也可使用中药单味或复方改善临床症状并作协同治疗。接种疫苗被认为是预防和控制HEV感染的有效手段,但目前仍无有效的HEV体外细胞培养系统,传统的灭活苗和减毒苗无法批量制备。当前HEV疫苗的研究方向主要有基因重组蛋白疫苗、DNA疫苗、联合疫苗和口服疫苗等。接种疫苗是预防戊型肝炎的重要措施,采用切断传播途径为主的综合性预防措施也可控制该病的流行。笔者主要通过对HEV的检测方法、药物治疗和疫苗免疫等方面的研究进展进行归纳和总结,并对HEV的防控研究进行展望,以期为HEV的预防与控制提供新的思路。展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide,with inflammation being an important factor in its onset and development.This review summarizes the specific mechanisms of the cyclic guanosine mo...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide,with inflammation being an important factor in its onset and development.This review summarizes the specific mechanisms of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway in mediating inflammatory responses.Furthermore,it compre-hensively presents related research progress and the subsequent involvement of this pathway in the pathogenesis of early-stage DM,diabetic gastroenteropathy,diabetic cardiomyopathy,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and other complic-ations.Additionally,the role of cGAS-STING in autonomic dysfunction and intes-tinal dysregulation,which can lead to digestive complications,has been discuss-ed.Altogether,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the research advances regarding the cGAS-STING pathway-targeted therapeutic agents and the prospects for their application in the precision treatment of DM.展开更多
文摘戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus, HEV)是一种单链、非包膜的RNA病毒,目前可分为8个基因型。作为一种人兽共患病原体,HEV能引起人的急性病毒性肝炎和动物的感染,其主要的传播途径为粪-口传播,也可通过输血和母婴传播。HEV主要在发展中国家流行,而欧美等发达国家也有散发的病例。目前,检测HEV的常用方法是实时荧光定量RT-PCR和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),也有学者利用反转录重组酶聚合酶扩增(RT-RPA)和CRISPR系统等新型检测方法进行HEV检测。在药物治疗方面,可用利巴韦林、干扰素或多烯磷脂酰胆碱(PPC)等化合物治疗HEV引起的感染,也可使用中药单味或复方改善临床症状并作协同治疗。接种疫苗被认为是预防和控制HEV感染的有效手段,但目前仍无有效的HEV体外细胞培养系统,传统的灭活苗和减毒苗无法批量制备。当前HEV疫苗的研究方向主要有基因重组蛋白疫苗、DNA疫苗、联合疫苗和口服疫苗等。接种疫苗是预防戊型肝炎的重要措施,采用切断传播途径为主的综合性预防措施也可控制该病的流行。笔者主要通过对HEV的检测方法、药物治疗和疫苗免疫等方面的研究进展进行归纳和总结,并对HEV的防控研究进行展望,以期为HEV的预防与控制提供新的思路。
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022MH153“Clinical+X”Project Fund of Binzhou Medical College,No.BY2021LCX11.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide,with inflammation being an important factor in its onset and development.This review summarizes the specific mechanisms of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway in mediating inflammatory responses.Furthermore,it compre-hensively presents related research progress and the subsequent involvement of this pathway in the pathogenesis of early-stage DM,diabetic gastroenteropathy,diabetic cardiomyopathy,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and other complic-ations.Additionally,the role of cGAS-STING in autonomic dysfunction and intes-tinal dysregulation,which can lead to digestive complications,has been discuss-ed.Altogether,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the research advances regarding the cGAS-STING pathway-targeted therapeutic agents and the prospects for their application in the precision treatment of DM.