本文提出一种新型的带有注意力模块的反卷积一阶检测器,简称做DSSDA(Deconvolutional Single Shot Detector with Attention Module).整个网络架构主要借鉴DSSD模型,在卷积层后加反卷积上采样进行特征融合,再在融合的特征后嵌入注意力模...本文提出一种新型的带有注意力模块的反卷积一阶检测器,简称做DSSDA(Deconvolutional Single Shot Detector with Attention Module).整个网络架构主要借鉴DSSD模型,在卷积层后加反卷积上采样进行特征融合,再在融合的特征后嵌入注意力模块,以帮助网络将注意力放在目标上并抑制不重要的信息.注意力模块包括通道注意力和空间注意力两个子模块,作用分别是识别物体类型,以及确定物体位置.两个子模块都分别采用最大池化和平均池化获取全局信息.子模块通过串联形式实现拼接.为了节约计算成本,省略原始的DSSD最后一个上采样过程.在PASCAL VOC和MS COCO公开数据集上验证本文提出的带有注意力模块的反卷积一阶检测器的有效性,结果表明所提模型在目标定位和分类上性能都提升显著.展开更多
Background Infantile spasms is a severe epileptic encephalopathy, which is refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） has been the major therapy for infantile spasms; however,...Background Infantile spasms is a severe epileptic encephalopathy, which is refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） has been the major therapy for infantile spasms; however, ACTH therapy is ineffective for some patients. The variations in the receptor genes can contribute to antiepileptic drug resistance. This study was to elucidate the possible associations between the variations of the MC2R gene and ACTH responsiveness in patients with infantile spasms. Methods We screened for variations in the promoter and coding region of the MC2R gene in 91 Chinese patients with infantile spasms and 94 controls, using PCR and a direct sequencing method. The frequencies of the genotypes, alleles and reconstructed haplotypes were analyzed in the cases and controls. The association between ACTH responsiveness and genetic variations of the MC2R gene was also assessed. Results Four single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） were identified in the MC2R promoter, one of which was a novel specimen at position-2 from the transcription start site ATT, -2T〉C. Three SNPs （rs1893220, rs2186944 and -2T〉C） showed a significant difference between the cases and controls （P 〈0.05 for all）. The frequency of the common TCCT haplotype carrying four-SNP major alleles was significantly lower in the cases （39%） than in the controls （60%） （P=-0.00003）. The homozygous carriers of the TCCT haplotype had a much lower relative risk than the non-carriers （RR=O.42, 95%C/ 0.26-0.70, P=-0.0001）. ACTH responsiveness was strongly associated with the TCCT haplotype （P=-0.000082）. Compared with non-carriers of the TCCT haplotype, the homozygous and heterozygous carriers were more responsive to ACTH therapy （P=0.0002; P=-0.0003, respectively）. Conclusions Our results indicated that the TCCT haplotype in the MC2R promoter is strongly associated with the responsiveness of the ACTH therapy performed on patients with infantile spasms. The polymorphisms of the MC2R promoter might be one important factor that influences the efficacy of ACTH therapy on infantile spasms.展开更多
文摘本文提出一种新型的带有注意力模块的反卷积一阶检测器,简称做DSSDA(Deconvolutional Single Shot Detector with Attention Module).整个网络架构主要借鉴DSSD模型,在卷积层后加反卷积上采样进行特征融合,再在融合的特征后嵌入注意力模块,以帮助网络将注意力放在目标上并抑制不重要的信息.注意力模块包括通道注意力和空间注意力两个子模块,作用分别是识别物体类型,以及确定物体位置.两个子模块都分别采用最大池化和平均池化获取全局信息.子模块通过串联形式实现拼接.为了节约计算成本,省略原始的DSSD最后一个上采样过程.在PASCAL VOC和MS COCO公开数据集上验证本文提出的带有注意力模块的反卷积一阶检测器的有效性,结果表明所提模型在目标定位和分类上性能都提升显著.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30770747）, the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation （No. 7081002, No. 7042024） and the Capital Development Foundation of Beijing （No. 2003-2007）.
文摘Background Infantile spasms is a severe epileptic encephalopathy, which is refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） has been the major therapy for infantile spasms; however, ACTH therapy is ineffective for some patients. The variations in the receptor genes can contribute to antiepileptic drug resistance. This study was to elucidate the possible associations between the variations of the MC2R gene and ACTH responsiveness in patients with infantile spasms. Methods We screened for variations in the promoter and coding region of the MC2R gene in 91 Chinese patients with infantile spasms and 94 controls, using PCR and a direct sequencing method. The frequencies of the genotypes, alleles and reconstructed haplotypes were analyzed in the cases and controls. The association between ACTH responsiveness and genetic variations of the MC2R gene was also assessed. Results Four single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） were identified in the MC2R promoter, one of which was a novel specimen at position-2 from the transcription start site ATT, -2T〉C. Three SNPs （rs1893220, rs2186944 and -2T〉C） showed a significant difference between the cases and controls （P 〈0.05 for all）. The frequency of the common TCCT haplotype carrying four-SNP major alleles was significantly lower in the cases （39%） than in the controls （60%） （P=-0.00003）. The homozygous carriers of the TCCT haplotype had a much lower relative risk than the non-carriers （RR=O.42, 95%C/ 0.26-0.70, P=-0.0001）. ACTH responsiveness was strongly associated with the TCCT haplotype （P=-0.000082）. Compared with non-carriers of the TCCT haplotype, the homozygous and heterozygous carriers were more responsive to ACTH therapy （P=0.0002; P=-0.0003, respectively）. Conclusions Our results indicated that the TCCT haplotype in the MC2R promoter is strongly associated with the responsiveness of the ACTH therapy performed on patients with infantile spasms. The polymorphisms of the MC2R promoter might be one important factor that influences the efficacy of ACTH therapy on infantile spasms.
