WUSCHEL-related homeobox1(WOX1)regulates vein patterning and leaf size in Cucumis sativus

In plants,WUSCHEL-related homeobox1(WOX1)homologs promote lamina mediolateral outgrowth.However,the downstream components linking WOX1 and lamina development remain unclear.In this study,we revealed the roles of WOX1 in palmate leaf expansion in cucumber(Cucumis sativus).A cucumber mango fruit(mf)mutant,resulting from truncation of a WOX1-type protein(CsWOX1),displayed abnormal lamina growth and defects in the development of secondary and smaller veins.CsWOX1 was expressed in the middle mesophyll and leaf margins and rescued defects of the Arabidopsis wox1 prs double mutant.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in auxin polar transport and auxin response were highly associated with leaf development.Analysis of the cucumber mf rl(round leaf)double mutant revealed that CsWOX1 functioned in vein development via PINOID(CsPID1)-controlled auxin transport.Overexpression of CsWOX1 in cucumber(CsWOX1-OE)affected vein patterning and produced‘butterfly-shaped’leaves.CsWOX1 physically interacted with CsTCP4a,which may account for the abnormal lamina development in the mf mutant line and the smaller leaves in the CsWOX1-OE plants.Our findings demonstrated that CsWOX1 regulates cucumber leaf vein development by modulating auxin polar transport;moreover,CsWOX1 regulates leaf size by controlling CIN-TCP genes.

外周血中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞和血小板比值对老年脓毒症患者28天死亡的预测价值

目的 探讨外周血中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞和血小板比值(N/LPR)对老年脓毒症患者28 d死亡的预测价值。方法 根据入院28 d是否死亡将161例脓毒症患者分为生存组(108例)和死亡组(53例),收集其一般临床资料、入院24 h内的外周血中性粒细胞(NEU)、淋巴细胞(LYM)、PLT计数及N/LPR、NLR并分组进行比较。相关因素分析采用多因素logistic回归分析。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价各指标对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测价值。结果 生存组外周血LYM、PLT计数均显著高于死亡组,而女性患者比例、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分、NEU、NLR、N/LPR均显著低于死亡组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,N/LPR、NLR降低是老年脓毒症患者28 d内死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,当N/LPR最佳截断值为18.5时,对应敏感度及特异度分别高于当NLR最佳截断值为21.73时对应的敏感度和特异度,且N/LRP的预测价值优于NLR。结论 N/LPR是老年脓毒症患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素,其预测价值优于NLR。

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to C_(2)H_(4): From lab to fab

The global concerns of energy crisis and climate change,primarily caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),are of utmost importance.Recently,the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to high value-added multi-carbon(C_(2+)) products driven by renewable electricity has emerged as a highly promising solution to alleviate energy shortages and achieve carbon neutrality.Among these C_(2+) products,ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))holds particular importance in the petrochemical industry.Accordingly,this review aims to establish a connection between the fundamentals of electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction to ethylene(CO_(2)RRto-C_(2)H_(4)) in laboratory-scale research(lab) and its potential applications in industrial-level fabrication(fab).The review begins by summarizing the fundamental aspects,including the design strategies of high-performance Cu-based electrocatalysts and advanced electrolyzer devices.Subsequently,innovative and value-added techniques are presented to address the inherent challenges encountered during the implementations of CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) in industrial scenarios.Additionally,case studies of the technoeconomic analysis of the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process are discussed,taking into factors such as costeffectiveness,scalability,and market potential.The review concludes by outlining the perspectives and challenges associated with scaling up the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process.The insights presented in this review are expected to make a valuable contribution in advancing the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process from lab to fab.

Normal and Superconducting Properties of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)

This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the structural,electronic,and magnetic characteristics of the recently discovered high-temperature superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) under high pressures.We present the experimental results for synthesizing and characterizing this material,derived from measurements of transport,thermodynamics,and various spectroscopic techniques,and discuss their physical implications.We also explore theoretical models proposed to describe the electronic structures and superconducting pairing symmetry in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7),highlighting the intricate interplay between electronic correlations and magnetic interactions.Despite these advances,challenges remain in growing high-quality samples free of extrinsic phases and oxygen deficiencies and in developing reliable measurement tools for determining diamagnetism and other physical quantities under high pressures.Further investigations in these areas are essential to deepening our understanding of the physical properties of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) and unlocking its superconducting pairing mechanism.

Transparency:The Missing Link to Boosting AI Transformations in Chemical Engineering

The issue of opacity within data-driven artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has become an impediment to these algorithms’extensive utilization,especially within sensitive domains concerning health,safety,and high profitability,such as chemical engineering(CE).In order to promote reliable AI utilization in CE,this review discusses the concept of transparency within AI utilizations,which is defined based on both explainable AI(XAI)concepts and key features from within the CE field.This review also highlights the requirements of reliable AI from the aspects of causality(i.e.,the correlations between the predictions and inputs of an AI),explainability(i.e.,the operational rationales of the workflows),and informativeness(i.e.,the mechanistic insights of the investigating systems).Related techniques are evaluated together with state-of-the-art applications to highlight the significance of establishing reliable AI applications in CE.Furthermore,a comprehensive transparency analysis case study is provided as an example to enhance understanding.Overall,this work provides a thorough discussion of this subject matter in a way that—for the first time—is particularly geared toward chemical engineers in order to raise awareness of responsible AI utilization.With this vital missing link,AI is anticipated to serve as a novel and powerful tool that can tremendously aid chemical engineers in solving bottleneck challenges in CE.

Slippery hydrogel with desiccation-tolerant‘skin’for high-precision additive manufacturing

Hydrogels inevitably undergo dehydration,structural collapse,and shrinkage deformation due to the uninterrupted evaporation in the atmosphere,thereby losing their flexibility,slipperiness,and manufacturing precision.Here,we propose a novel bioinspired strategy to construct a spontaneously formed‘skin’on the slippery hydrogels by incorporating biological stress metabolites trehalose into the hydrogel network,which can generate robust hydrogen bonding interactions to restrain water evaporation.The contents of trehalose in hydrogel matrix can also regulate the desiccation-tolerance,mechanical properties,and lubricating performance of slippery hydrogels in a wide range.Combining vat photopolymerization three-dimensional printing and trehalose-modified slippery hydrogels enables to achieve the structural hydrogels with high resolution,shape fidelity,and sophisticated architectures,instead of structural collapse and shrinkage deformation caused by dehydration.And thus,this proposed functional hydrogel adapts to manufacture large-scale hydrogels with sophisticated architectures in a long-term process.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,a high-precision and sophisticated slippery hydrogel vascular phantom was easily fabricated to imitate guidewire intervention.Additionally,the proposed protocol is universally applicable to diverse types of hydrogel systems.This strategy opens up a versatile methodology to fabricate dry-resistant slippery hydrogel for functional structures and devices,expanding their high-precision processing and broad applications in the atmosphere.

Unveiling the Re,Cr,and I diffusion in saturated compacted bentonite using machine-learning methods

The safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste repositories requires a high predictive accuracy for radionuclide diffusion and a comprehensive understanding of the diffusion mechanism.In this study,a through-diffusion method and six machine-learning methods were employed to investigate the diffusion of ReO_(4)^(−),HCrO_(4)^(−),and I−in saturated compacted bentonite under different salinities and compacted dry densities.The machine-learning models were trained using two datasets.One dataset contained six input features and 293 instances obtained from the diffusion database system of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA-DDB)and 15 publications.The other dataset,comprising 15,000 pseudo-instances,was produced using a multi-porosity model and contained eight input features.The results indicate that the former dataset yielded a higher predictive accuracy than the latter.Light gradient-boosting exhibited a higher prediction accuracy(R2=0.92)and lower error(MSE=0.01)than the other machine-learning algorithms.In addition,Shapley Additive Explanations,Feature Importance,and Partial Dependence Plot analysis results indicate that the rock capacity factor and compacted dry density had the two most significant effects on predicting the effective diffusion coefficient,thereby offering valuable insights.

Strategic regulation of nitrogen-containing intermediates for enhanced nitrate reduction over Co_(3)O_(4)/SiC catalyst having multiple active centers

Regulating the intermediates involved in the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)is crucial for the enhancement of reaction efficiency.However,it remains a great challenge to regulate the reaction intermediates through active site manipulation on the surface of the catalyst.Here,a family of n%-Co_(3)O_(4)/SiC(n=5,8,12,20)catalysts with a delicate percentage of Co^(2+)and Co^(3+)were prepared for NO_(3)RR.We found that Co^(3+)primarily acts as the active site for NO_(3)^(−)reduction to NO_(2)^(−),while Co^(2+)is responsible for the conversion of NO_(2)^(−)to NH_(3).Moreover,the conversion of these intermediates over the active sites is autonomous and separately controllable.Both processes synergistically accomplish the reduction of nitrate ions to synthesize ammonia.Combining the experimental studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations,it is discovered the pathway(^(*)NHO→^(*)NHOH→^(*)NH_(2)OH→^(*)NH_(2)→^(*)NH_(3))is more favorable due to the lowerΔG value(0.25 eV)for the rate-limiting step(^(*)NO→^(*)NHO).The NH_(3)yield rate of 8%-Co_(3)O_(4)/SiC reached 1.08 mmol/(cm^(2)h)with a Faradaic efficiency of 96.4%at−0.89 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),surpassing those of most reported non-noble NO_(3)RR catalysts.This strategy not only provides an efficient catalyst for NO_(3)RR but also serves as an illustrative model for the regulation of multi-step reaction intermediates through the design of distinct active sites,thereby presenting a new approach to enhance the efficiency of intricate reactions.

Projecting the Dynamic Trends of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome:Modeling the Epidemic in Sichuan Province, China

Objective Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and dynamic trends of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)prevalence in Sichuan,the second most heavily affected province in China,and to explore future interventions.Methods The epidemiological,behavioral,and population census data from multiple sources were analyzed to extract inputs for an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)epidemic model(AEM).Baseline curves,derived from historical trends in HIV prevalence,were used,and the AEM was employed to examine future intervention scenarios.Results In 2015,the modeled data suggested an adult HIV prevalence of 0.191%in Sichuan,with an estimated 128,766 people living with HIV/AIDS and 16,983 individuals with newly diagnosed infections.Considering current high-risk behaviors,the model predicts an increase in the adult prevalence to 0.306%by 2025,projecting an estimated 212,168 people living with HIV/AIDS and 16,555 individuals with newly diagnosed infections.Conclusion Heterosexual transmission will likely emerge as the primary mode of AIDS transmission in Sichuan.Furthermore,we anticipate a stabilization in the incidence of AIDS with a concurrent increase in prevalence.Implementing comprehensive intervention measures aimed at high-risk groups could effectively alleviate the spread of AIDS in Sichuan.

Two different mutational types of familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal(GI)tract,and cases of GISTs tend to be of the disseminated type,with a global incidence of 10 to 15 cases/million each year.The rarer familial GISTs,which often represent a population,differ in screening,diagnosis,and treatment.Familial GISTs include primary familial GISTs with predominantly KIT/PDGFRA mutations and wild-type GISTs.However,whether the same genetic family has different phenotypes has not been reported.CASE SUMMARY We report two cases of rare GISTs in the same family:A male patient with the V561D mutation in exon 12 of the PDGFRA gene,who has been taking the targeted drug imatinib since undergoing surgery,and a female patient diagnosed with wild-type GIST,who has been taking imatinib for 3 years since undergoing surgery.The favorable prognosis of these patients during the 7-year follow-up period validates the accuracy of our treatment strategy,and we have refined the entire process of diagnosis and treatment of familial GISTs in order to better manage this rare familial disease.CONCLUSION Different mutation types of familial GISTs in the same family are very rare,thus it is very important to make the correct diagnosis and treatment strategies according to the results of molecular detection for the management of familial GISTs.

Accelerated aging and frailty in cardiovascular diseases

Aging is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD),which is the most common cause of death in European countries.[1]It is estimated that during the period from 2020 to 2022,there were 9.0%more excess deaths from CVD than expected.[2]By 2030,approximately 20%of the population will be aged 65 years and older,and CVD will account for 40%of deaths in this age group,[3]imposing a significant burden on the healthcare system and society as a whole.Aging is related to frailty,which represents the dynamic progression of physical and physiological decline in older adults.Frailty limits an individual’s ability to recover from acute stressors and serves as a predictor of clinical adverse outcomes.Despite the uncertainties in screening,assessing,and managing frailty in clinical practice,emphasizing the connections between frailty,aging,and CVD will provide new insights for the prediction,prevention and management of CVD in the aging population.

Prognostic analysis of related factors of adverse reactions to immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer and establishment of a nomogram model

BACKGROUND Immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer has attracted widespread attention in recent years.However,the adverse reactions of immunotherapy and its relationship with patient prognosis still need further study.In order to determine the association between adverse reaction factors and prognosis,the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic prognostic analysis.By comprehensively evaluating the clinical data of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated by immunotherapy,a nomogram model will be established to predict the survival status of patients more accurately.AIM To explore the characteristics and predictors of immune-related adverse reactions(irAEs)in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy with programmed death protein-1(PD-1)inhibitors and to analyze the correlation between irAEs and patient prognosis.METHODS A total of 140 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors in our hospital from June 2021 to October 2023 were selected.Patients were divided into the irAEs group and the non-irAEs group according to whether or not irAEs occurred.Clinical features,manifestations,and prognosis of irAEs in the two groups were collected and analyzed.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the occurrence of irAEs,and the prediction model of irAEs was established.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the ability of different indicators to predict irAEs.A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the correlation between irAEs and prognosis.The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients.RESULTS A total of 132 patients were followed up,of whom 63(47.7%)developed irAEs.We looked at the two groups’clinical features and found that the two groups were statistically different in age≥65 years,Ki-67 index,white blood cell count,neutrophil count,and regulatory T cell(Treg)count(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Treg count was a protective factor affecting irAEs occurrence(P=0.030).The ROC curve indicated that Treg+Ki-67+age(≥65 years)combined could predict irAEs well(area under the curve=0.753,95%confidence interval:0.623-0.848,P=0.001).Results of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that progressionfree survival(PFS)was longer in the irAEs group than in the non-irAEs group(P=0.001).Cox proportional hazard regression analysis suggested that the occurrence of irAEs was an independent factor for PFS(P=0.006).CONCLUSION The number of Treg cells is a separate factor that affects irAEs in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy.irAEs can affect the patients’PFS and result in longer PFS.Treg+Ki-67+age(≥65 years old)combined can better predict the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Drug-coated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of intracranial arterial stenosis in a young stroke patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Intracranial arterial narrowing is a significant factor leading to brief episodes of reduced blood flow to the brain,known as transient ischemic attacks,or fullblown strokes.While atherosclerosis is commonly associated with intracranial arterial narrowing,it is frequently of a non-atherosclerotic nature in younger patients.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present the case of a young stroke patient with narrowing of the middle cerebral artery(MCA),characterized as non-atherosclerotic lesions,who experienced an ischemic stroke despite receiving standard drug therapy.The patient underwent digital subtraction angiography(DSA)to assess the entire network of blood vessels in the brain,revealing significant narrowing(approximately 80%)in the M1 segment of the right MCA.Subsequently,the patient underwent Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty to treat the stenosis in the right MCA's M1 segment.Follow-up DSA confirmed the resolution of stenosis in this segment.Although the remaining branches showed satisfactory blood flow,the vessel wall exhibited irregularities.A review of DSA conducted six months later showed no evident stenosis in the right MCA,with a smooth vessel wall.CONCLUSION The use of drug-coated balloon angioplasty demonstrated favorable outcomes in repairing and reshaping the blood vessel wall in young patients.Therefore,it may be considered a promising treatment option for similar cases.

Screening of Anti-inflammatory Active Ingredients from Gancao Qinlian Extract and Study of Its Efficacy

[Objectives]To establish the chromatographic fingerprint of Gancao Qinlian Extracts(GQE)and reveal the possible material basis of the anti-inflammatory effect of GQE by the correlation analysis between the fingerprint chromatographic peaks of different components of GQE and its anti-inflammatory activity.[Methods]Ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the different ingredients of GQE to establish its chromatographic fingerprint and analyze the differences among the three medicine components;LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells to construct an inflammatory cell model.The NO secretion of cells was detected by the Griess method.ELISA was used to detect the changes in TNF-αand IL-10 contents.RT-qPCR tested the mRNA expression levels of TNF-αand IL-10.Grey relational analysis was carried out by combining fingerprint chromatographic peak data and anti-inflammatory activity data.[Results]The GQE fingerprint was established,34 fingerprint characteristic peaks were calibrated,and 33 related chromatographic peaks were screened out.The corresponding chromatographic peaks in the three components were obtained,and the content of the components was calculated;the anti-inflammatory results showed that the content of NO,TNF-α,and the expression of TNF-αmRNA in the high and medium-dose groups of GQE were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01).The NO content and TNF-αmRNA expression in the high-dose group of GQE I was considerably lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01).The secretion of NO,TNF-α,and the expression of TNF-αmRNA in the high,medium,and low dose groups of GQE II were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01);the results of grey relational analysis showed that the correlation degree of the three components was GQE II>GQE>GQE I,and the characteristic fingerprint peaks 12,15,22,23,28,31,33 may be closely related to the anti-inflammatory effect.[Conclusions]The best component of the anti-inflammatory effect in GQE is water-soluble component,and its main components are flavonoids and alkaloids.These components can alleviate cellular inflammatory damage by inhibiting the excessive secretion of NO and reducing the expression of TNF-αmRNA.

维生素C联合碳酸氢钠在食管碘染色检查中的临床研究

目的探讨维生素C联合碳酸氢钠在食管碘染色检查中对抗碘对食管的腐蚀性副作用的有效性。方法选取200例食管碘染色患者,随机分为对照组(A组,n=100)和实验组(B组,n=100)。B组染色观察后,以维生素C生理盐水冲洗食管、胃底,再取胃底内液体测pH值;吸净液体后,用碳酸氢钠生理水溶剂冲洗食管,再用生理盐水冲洗食管和胃底,取胃底内液体测pH值。A组用生理盐水冲洗食管胃底。记录麻醉清醒时、24和72 h咽喉部不适、烧心和胸腹痛情况,并进行比较。招募40例经食管碘染色的患者,20例为A组处理方法(C组,n=20),20例为B组处理方法(D组,n=20),72 h内复查胃镜,记录C和D组胃底黏膜糜烂评分,并进行比较。结果B组较A组麻醉清醒时、24和72 h咽喉部不适、烧心和胸腹痛发生率明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);B组用维生素C处理后的pH值与用碳酸氢钠后的pH值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);D组与C组比较,72 h内胃底黏膜糜烂程度较轻,两组胃底黏膜糜烂评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论维生素C联合碳酸氢钠对抗食管碘染色后碘对食管胃底黏膜腐蚀性副作用安全、有效,可在临床上推广应用。

Association of overall survival benefit of radiotherapy with progression-free survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate whether improved progression-free survival(PFS)from radiotherapy(RT)translates into an overall survival(OS)benefit for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods:A systematic literature search identified randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and retrospective studies that compared combined-modality therapy(CMT)with chemotherapy(CT)alone.Weighted regression analyses were used to estimate the correlation between OS and PFS benefits.Cohen’s kappa statistic assessed the consis-tency between DLBCL risk-models and PFS patterns.Furthermore,the benefit trend of RT was analyzed by fitting a linear regression model to the pooled hazard ratio(HR)according to the PFS patterns.Results:For both 7 RCTs and 52 retrospective studies,correlations were found between PFS HR(HRPFS)and OS HR(HROS)at trial level(r=0.639-0.876),and between PFS and OS rates at treatment-arm level,regardless of CT regimens(r=0.882-0.964).Incorporating RT into CT increased about 18%of PFS,and revealed a different OS benefit profile.Patients were stratified into four CT-generated PFS patterns(>80%,>60-80%,>40-60%,and≤40%),which was consistent with risk-stratified subgroups(kappa>0.6).Absolute gain in OS from RT ranged from≤5%at PFS>80%to about 21%at PFS≤40%,with pooled HROS from 0.70(95%CI,0.51-0.97)to 0.48(95%CI,0.36-0.63)after rituximab-based CT.The OS benefit of RT was predominant in intermediate-and high-risk patients with PFS≤80%.Conclusion:We demonstrated a varied OS benefit profile of RT to inform treatment decisions and clinical trial design.

糖皮质激素受体激动剂对神经病理性疼痛大鼠痛敏感反应的干预作用及其机制

目的:探讨糖皮质激素受体激动剂调控核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)/白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)通路对神经病理性疼痛(NPP)大鼠痛敏反应的影响机制。方法:40只SD大鼠分为对照组、模型组、NLRP3抑制剂组、治疗组,每组10只,应用坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤法诱导NPP大鼠模型,模型组按照上述方法造模,NLRP3抑制剂组按照上述方法造模后给予NLRP3抑制剂(MCC950)干预,治疗组按照上述方法造模后给予糖皮质激素受体激动剂(地塞米松)干预,对照组给予等量生理盐水。干预28 d之后,比较各组机械痛阈、热痛阈、脊髓背角形态学变化、疼痛因子[前列腺素E2(PGE2)、P物质(SP)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)]、炎症因子[白细胞介素8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)]、NLRP3/IL-1β通路蛋白表达量变化。结果:六胺银染色结果显示,模型组神经原纤维变粗并缠结,可见颗粒空泡变性,内含嗜银颗粒,提示神经元坏死,与模型组比较,NLRP3抑制剂组和治疗组大鼠的神经原纤维缠结变少,颗粒空泡变性变少。TUNNEL染色结果提示,模型组大鼠神经元凋亡率较对照组显著增多(P<0.05),NLRP3抑制剂组和治疗组神经元凋亡率较模型组显著减少(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组造模3、7、14、28 d的机械痛阈及热痛阈值显著降低(P<0.05)。模型组SP、PGE2、5-HT、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α及NLRP3、IL-1β蛋白表达量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,NLRP3抑制剂组和地塞米松治疗组3、7、14、28 d的机械痛阈及热痛阈值显著升高(P<0.05)。NLRP3抑制剂组和地塞米松治疗组SP、PGE2、5-HT、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α及NLRP3、IL-1β蛋白表达量较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。NLRP3抑制剂组和治疗组在上述指标之间的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:糖皮质激素受体激动剂可能通过下调NLRP3/IL-1β通路减轻神经病理性疼痛大鼠痛敏反应,这可能是临床上糖皮质激素治疗NPP的分子学机制。

交替进镜法在经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术中的应用

目的探讨交替进镜法在经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术中的应用价值。方法将60例拟行经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术的肠梗阻患者随机分为实验组和对照组,各30例。实验组患者应用交替进镜法置管,对照组患者采用传统的经鼻肠梗阻导管内镜下置入法。比较两组患者一次性置管成功率、置管时间、脱管率及耐受性评分。结果实验组中29例患者一次性置管成功,对照组中21例患者一次性置管成功,实验组的成功率为96.67%,明显高于对照组的70.00%,实验组和对照组一次性置管成功率差异有统计学意义。实验组置管所用时间为(15.00±5.25)min,明显少于对照组(19.45±6.75)min;实验组脱管0例,明显低于对照组3例,实验组耐受性评分为(1.25±0.05)分,明显低于对照组(1.85±0.60)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论交替进镜法在经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术中的应用提高了置管成功率,减少置管所用时间,明显地减轻患者术中的不适,无并发症,值得临床上使用和推广。

Experimental Characterization of ALD Grown Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>Film for Microelectronic Applications

The study of high dielectric materials has received great attention lately as a key passive component for the application of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. In this paper, 50 nm thick Al2O3 thin films have been prepared by atomic layer deposition technique on indium tin oxide (ITO) pre-coated glass substrates and titanium nitride (TiN) coated Si substrates with typical MIM capacitor structure. Photolithography and metal lift-off technique were used for processing of the MIM capacitors. Semiconductor Analyzer with probe station was used to perform capacitance-voltage (C-V) characterization with low-medium frequency range. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of MIM capacitors were measured on precision source/measurement system. The performance of Al2O3 films of MIM capacitors on glass was examined in the voltage range from −5 to 5 V with a frequency range from 10 kHz to 5 MHz. Au/Al2O3/ITO/Glass MIM capacitors demonstrate a capacitance density of 1.6 fF/μm2at 100 kHz, a loss tangent ~0.005 at 100 kHz and a leakage current of 1.79 × 10−8 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm (5 V) at room temperature. Au/Al2O3/TiN/Si MIM capacitors demonstrate a capacitance density of 1.5 fF/μm2 at 100 kHz, a loss tangent ~0.007 at 100 kHz and a lower leakage current of 2.93 × 10−10 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm (5 V) at room temperature. The obtained electrical properties could indicate a promising application of MIM Capacitors.

甲基莲心碱减轻D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤作用研究

目的研究甲基莲心碱对D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法将80只小鼠随机分为4组(n=20),在正常组和模型组小鼠给予生理盐水灌胃,而在另两实验组则分别给予小剂量(100 mg.kg^(-1))和大剂量(300 mg.kg^(-1))甲基莲心碱灌胃。然后在实验组给予D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导制备急性肝损伤模型。每组选择10只小鼠取血,分别检测血清ALT、AST、SOD、MDA、GSH、TNF-α、IL-6和IL^(-1)0水平,并取肝组织,行病理学检查,另10只小鼠用于观察存活期。结果模型组小鼠血清ALT和AST水平分别为(272.4±42.8)U/L和(497.2±62.1)U/L,甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠血清ALT和AST水平均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而以大剂量甲基莲心碱处理组为明显;模型组小鼠血清SOD和GSH水平分别为(37.5±6.2)U/m L和(11.8±2.7)μmol/L,血清MDA水平为(9.2±1.4)mol/L,甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠血清SOD和GSH水平显著高于模型组,而血清MDA水平显著低于模型组(P<0.05);模型组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL^(-1)0水平分别为(587.6±48.9)pg/ml、(153.4±18.0)pg/ml和(96.4±9.7)pg/ml,甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6水平显著降低,血清IL^(-1)0水平显著升高(P<0.05),而大剂量甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL^(-1)0水平与小剂量甲基莲心碱处理组比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);模型组小鼠12 h存活率为60.0%,24 h存活率为10.0%,小剂量甲基连心碱处理组小鼠12 h存活率为80.0%,24 h存活率为50.0%,而大剂量甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠12 h存活率为90.0%,24 h存活率为70.0%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲基莲心碱可缓解D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤,其机制可能与抑制氧化应激反应有关。