Three dimensional wave-induced mixing plays an important role in shallow water area. A quite direct approach through the Reynolds average upon characteristic length scale is proposed to parameterize the horizontal and...Three dimensional wave-induced mixing plays an important role in shallow water area. A quite direct approach through the Reynolds average upon characteristic length scale is proposed to parameterize the horizontal and vertical shallow water mixing. Comparison of finite depth case with infinite depth results indicates that the difference of the wave-induced mixing strength is evident. In the shallow water condition, the infinite water depth approximation overestimates the mixing strength in the lower layers. The nonzero horizontal wave-induced mixing presents anisotropic property near the shore. The Prandtl＇s mixing length theory underestimated the wave-induced mixing in the previous studies.展开更多
Mechanical energy input from atmosphere and losses from wave-breaking dissipation of sea surface waves are estimated by a direct scheme. This scheme is based on the integration in the wavenumber space of the wind inpu...Mechanical energy input from atmosphere and losses from wave-breaking dissipation of sea surface waves are estimated by a direct scheme. This scheme is based on the integration in the wavenumber space of the wind input and breaking dissipation source functions of the MASNUM wave model. The global amount of wind energy input, averaged in 2005, is about 57 TW, and the wave-breaking dissipation summed in deep-water is about 33 TW, over a half of the wind energy input. The residual may be dissipated by beach processes. Global distributions of the energy input and breaking dissipation concentrate in the westerlies of the Southern Hemisphere.展开更多
Co-primary spectrum sharing for multiple operators has been utilized to fully explore the spectrum resources and thus improve the spectrum efficiency. The inter-operator interference(IOI) problem should be seriously c...Co-primary spectrum sharing for multiple operators has been utilized to fully explore the spectrum resources and thus improve the spectrum efficiency. The inter-operator interference(IOI) problem should be seriously considered in order to achieve the mentioned target, especially under the scenario of the ultradense network(UDN) in the fifth generation(5G) wireless systems. To solve this problem, we propose an asymmetrical power levels based soft IOI coordination mechanism. The shared spectrum pool is consisted of three separated parts, where each part can be dynamically adjusted according to the minimal spectrum demand from each operator. Furthermore, different power masks are configured to different parts for each operator. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can improve the network spectrum efficiency significantly.展开更多
The transport flux residue of surface waves plays an important role in a variety of ocean phenomena,for example,the change in sea surface temperature(SST)and upper mixed layer profile that were studied in a series of ...The transport flux residue of surface waves plays an important role in a variety of ocean phenomena,for example,the change in sea surface temperature(SST)and upper mixed layer profile that were studied in a series of recent papers.In the previous studies,its effect was discussed rigorously and fragmented based on numerical modeling.Here we propose a relatively comprehensive and simplified exposition of the wave transport flux residue,and focus on its influence under typhoon conditions with strong background current.An analogue Reynolds Number is presented for tentative comparison with wave-generated turbulence mixing,especially in the coastal area.Numerical results indicate that both overwhelming dynamical mixing processes can remarkably change the coastal environment,and should not be ignored consciously for further marine hazards assessment.展开更多
Sea ice disaster is one of the principal natural hazards that affect some coastal areas of China,and the formation of ice cover in a wave field has important characteristics.However,analysis of the mechanism in which ...Sea ice disaster is one of the principal natural hazards that affect some coastal areas of China,and the formation of ice cover in a wave field has important characteristics.However,analysis of the mechanism in which waves affect the thermodynamic process of sea ice is lacking,and the influence of waves is not taken into consideration in numerical models of sea ice,largely because of a lack of simultaneous observations of waves and sea ice.Using observational data of the sea ice cycle in the coastal waters of Liaodong Bay(China),we analyzed the characteristics of hydrology,meteorology,and sea ice thickness during the formation of sea ice,and explored the changes in the interrelationships among heat fluxes,waves,and sea ice under actual sea conditions.The results could provide a decision-making support as a reference to the establishment and improvement of China's early waming system to sea ice disasters,and the protection of ice drilling operations and production platform safety.展开更多
In this study, the simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) model with a locally refined curvilinear grid system was constructed to simulate waves in Jervis Bay and the neighbouring ocean of Australia, with the aim of examin...In this study, the simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) model with a locally refined curvilinear grid system was constructed to simulate waves in Jervis Bay and the neighbouring ocean of Australia, with the aim of examining the wave characteristics in an area with special topography and practical importance. This model was verified by field observations from buoys and acoustic Doppler profilers (ADPs). The model precisions were validated for both wind-generated waves and open-ocean swells. We present an approach with which to convert ADP-observed current data from near the bottom into the significant wave height. Our approach is deduced from the Fourier transform technique and the linear wave theory. The results illustrate that the location of the bay entrance is important because it allows the swells in the dominant direction to propagate into the bay despite the narrowness of the bay entrance. The wave period T p is also strongly related to the wave direction in the semi-enclosed bay. The Tp is great enough along the entire propagating direction from the bay entrance to the top of the bay, and the largest Tp appears along the north-west coast, which is the end tip of the swells’ propagation.展开更多
基金supported by the national young scientist fund of China under contract under contract No 40206003special fund for fundamental scientific research under contract (No 2007G15)
文摘Three dimensional wave-induced mixing plays an important role in shallow water area. A quite direct approach through the Reynolds average upon characteristic length scale is proposed to parameterize the horizontal and vertical shallow water mixing. Comparison of finite depth case with infinite depth results indicates that the difference of the wave-induced mixing strength is evident. In the shallow water condition, the infinite water depth approximation overestimates the mixing strength in the lower layers. The nonzero horizontal wave-induced mixing presents anisotropic property near the shore. The Prandtl＇s mixing length theory underestimated the wave-induced mixing in the previous studies.
基金the Key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract 40730842
文摘Mechanical energy input from atmosphere and losses from wave-breaking dissipation of sea surface waves are estimated by a direct scheme. This scheme is based on the integration in the wavenumber space of the wind input and breaking dissipation source functions of the MASNUM wave model. The global amount of wind energy input, averaged in 2005, is about 57 TW, and the wave-breaking dissipation summed in deep-water is about 33 TW, over a half of the wind energy input. The residual may be dissipated by beach processes. Global distributions of the energy input and breaking dissipation concentrate in the westerlies of the Southern Hemisphere.
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grants No.2014AA01A701major project of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China under Grant No.2015ZX03001032+1 种基金major project of Shanghai under Grant No.,14511101501National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61471347
文摘Co-primary spectrum sharing for multiple operators has been utilized to fully explore the spectrum resources and thus improve the spectrum efficiency. The inter-operator interference(IOI) problem should be seriously considered in order to achieve the mentioned target, especially under the scenario of the ultradense network(UDN) in the fifth generation(5G) wireless systems. To solve this problem, we propose an asymmetrical power levels based soft IOI coordination mechanism. The shared spectrum pool is consisted of three separated parts, where each part can be dynamically adjusted according to the minimal spectrum demand from each operator. Furthermore, different power masks are configured to different parts for each operator. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can improve the network spectrum efficiency significantly.
基金Supported by the National Key Research Program of China(Nos.2016YFC1402004,2017YFC1404201)
文摘The transport flux residue of surface waves plays an important role in a variety of ocean phenomena,for example,the change in sea surface temperature(SST)and upper mixed layer profile that were studied in a series of recent papers.In the previous studies,its effect was discussed rigorously and fragmented based on numerical modeling.Here we propose a relatively comprehensive and simplified exposition of the wave transport flux residue,and focus on its influence under typhoon conditions with strong background current.An analogue Reynolds Number is presented for tentative comparison with wave-generated turbulence mixing,especially in the coastal area.Numerical results indicate that both overwhelming dynamical mixing processes can remarkably change the coastal environment,and should not be ignored consciously for further marine hazards assessment.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC1402004,2017YFC1404201)the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2016ZX05057015)
文摘Sea ice disaster is one of the principal natural hazards that affect some coastal areas of China,and the formation of ice cover in a wave field has important characteristics.However,analysis of the mechanism in which waves affect the thermodynamic process of sea ice is lacking,and the influence of waves is not taken into consideration in numerical models of sea ice,largely because of a lack of simultaneous observations of waves and sea ice.Using observational data of the sea ice cycle in the coastal waters of Liaodong Bay(China),we analyzed the characteristics of hydrology,meteorology,and sea ice thickness during the formation of sea ice,and explored the changes in the interrelationships among heat fluxes,waves,and sea ice under actual sea conditions.The results could provide a decision-making support as a reference to the establishment and improvement of China's early waming system to sea ice disasters,and the protection of ice drilling operations and production platform safety.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1404200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41406046)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for National Public Research Institutes of China(No.2014T01)the Overseas Students Science and Technology Activities Project Merit Funding and the ChinaKorea Cooperation Project for Nuclear Safety through the China-Korea Joint Ocean Research Centre(CKJORC)the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(No.GASI-IPOVAI-05)the International Cooperative Project on the China-Australia Research Centre for Maritime Engineering of Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2016YFE0101400)the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Nos.2015ASTP,2016ASKJ16,2015ASKJ01)
文摘In this study, the simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) model with a locally refined curvilinear grid system was constructed to simulate waves in Jervis Bay and the neighbouring ocean of Australia, with the aim of examining the wave characteristics in an area with special topography and practical importance. This model was verified by field observations from buoys and acoustic Doppler profilers (ADPs). The model precisions were validated for both wind-generated waves and open-ocean swells. We present an approach with which to convert ADP-observed current data from near the bottom into the significant wave height. Our approach is deduced from the Fourier transform technique and the linear wave theory. The results illustrate that the location of the bay entrance is important because it allows the swells in the dominant direction to propagate into the bay despite the narrowness of the bay entrance. The wave period T p is also strongly related to the wave direction in the semi-enclosed bay. The Tp is great enough along the entire propagating direction from the bay entrance to the top of the bay, and the largest Tp appears along the north-west coast, which is the end tip of the swells’ propagation.
