【目的】研究小麦、玉米专用硫磺树脂包膜尿素(SRCU)在水中和土壤中的氮素释放规律及其与作物氮素吸收的匹配性,并研究现有条件下其与普通尿素的配施比例,为调整该产品的氮素释放特征、提高其利用效率提供依据。【方法】本研究包括氮素...【目的】研究小麦、玉米专用硫磺树脂包膜尿素(SRCU)在水中和土壤中的氮素释放规律及其与作物氮素吸收的匹配性,并研究现有条件下其与普通尿素的配施比例,为调整该产品的氮素释放特征、提高其利用效率提供依据。【方法】本研究包括氮素静水、土壤释放规律试验以及缓控释尿素与普通尿素最佳配比试验。供试缓控释肥料静水释放期分别为3个月(SRCU3)和2个月(SRCU2)。静水氮素释放试验取10.00 g SRCU于孔径为0.15 mm的尼龙袋中,置于200 mL无离子水内,在25℃恒温培养,定期取样,测定水中氮素含量,直至80%以上氮素释放;土壤氮素释放规律试验在小麦、玉米播种后第1天,将20.00 g SRCU装入尼龙网袋,埋入20 cm深土壤中,从第1天起,定期取出肥料袋,称量肥料袋质量,以相邻取样时期的质量差作为氮素释放量。肥料配比试验设不施氮肥(CK)、普通尿素常规施用(FP)、普通尿素全部基施(100%U)和100%、70%、50%、30%SRCU分别与普通尿素配合一次性基施,共7个处理。在小麦、玉米收获期取植株和籽粒样品,测定氮素含量、产量,调查了小麦、玉米产量构成,计算氮肥表观利用率和经济效益。【结果】1)SRCU2和SRCU3在静水中第1天氮素累积释放率分别为9.29%和7.09%,28天的氮素累积释放率分别为63.45%和43.86%;SRCU2在64天的氮素累积释放率为89.77%,SRCU3在90天的氮素累积释放率为85.70%。2)埋入土壤中的SRCU2在玉米苗期(1-14天)、拔节期(14-42天)、大喇叭口期(42-56天)、开花期(56-70天)、灌浆期(70-94天)的氮素累积释放率分别为8.96%、25.28%、9.54%、21.77%、15.82%;氮素日均释放率在拔节期较高,至开花期最高。埋入土壤中的SRCU3在小麦越冬期(1-128天)、返青期(128-170天)、拔节期(170-201天)、开花-收获期(201-239天)的氮素累积释放速率分别为21.54%、7.60%、26.96%、26.24%;氮素日均释放率在拔节期、灌浆期较高。3)与常规施肥(FP)相比,100%SRCU和70%SRCU处理玉米产量显著升高,70%SRCU处理小麦产量显著升高;经济效益的增减与产量结果一致,施用100%SRCU、70%SRCU、50%SRCU处理玉米经济效益分别提高1107.82、1348.70、1065.80元/hm2,70%SRCU、50%SRCU处理小麦经济效益分别提高1609.98、683.71元/hm2,效益最高的均是70%SRCU处理。70%SRCU处理在玉米、小麦上的氮肥表现利用率分别提高8.97、7.10个百分点。【结论】小麦和玉米专用硫磺树脂包膜尿素的氮素释放率符合行业标准要求,但还需根据作物需求调整。目前SRCU3的氮素释放量在小麦返青期和拔节期不足,SRCU2需要增加玉米开花期后的释放量。本试验条件下,硫磺树脂包膜尿素在玉米和小麦上适宜的一次性配施比例为70%。展开更多
The water content and nutrient in soil are two main determine factors to crop yield and quality, managements of which in field are of great importance to maintain sustainable high yield. The objective of this study wa...The water content and nutrient in soil are two main determine factors to crop yield and quality, managements of which in field are of great importance to maintain sustainable high yield. The objective of this study was to measure the uptake, forms, and use efficiency of phosphorus （P） in wheat under four levels of irrigation （W0, W1, W2, and W3） and three levels of P application （P0, P1, and P2） through two growth seasons of wheat （2008-2010）. The field experiment was carried out in a low level of soil P concentration and the eultivar was Jimai 20. The results indicated that P fertilizer combined with irrigation not only improved the activity of phosphatase in soil, but also increased P accumulation in wheat, similar results was found in the grain of wheat, the content of total P increased significantly. Meanwhile, the mainly existence forms of P in grain were the lecithoid-P and labile organic-P. On the other hand, in comparison to the irrigation, the dry matter and grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of wheat increased with increasing Papplication rates within the range of 0-180 kg P2O5 ha-1. The interaction between P and irrigation also significantly （P〈0.01） affected on the P accumulation, grain total P, grain phospholipid P, and P production efficiency. In this study, therefore, the P applications and irrigation improved grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of winter wheat, and W2P2 treatment （180 kg P2O5 ha-1 combination with 120 mm irrigation） had a high P accumulation and P use efficiency, it was an optimum level for P fertilizer application and irrigation in this region.展开更多
文摘【目的】研究小麦、玉米专用硫磺树脂包膜尿素(SRCU)在水中和土壤中的氮素释放规律及其与作物氮素吸收的匹配性,并研究现有条件下其与普通尿素的配施比例,为调整该产品的氮素释放特征、提高其利用效率提供依据。【方法】本研究包括氮素静水、土壤释放规律试验以及缓控释尿素与普通尿素最佳配比试验。供试缓控释肥料静水释放期分别为3个月(SRCU3)和2个月(SRCU2)。静水氮素释放试验取10.00 g SRCU于孔径为0.15 mm的尼龙袋中,置于200 mL无离子水内,在25℃恒温培养,定期取样,测定水中氮素含量,直至80%以上氮素释放;土壤氮素释放规律试验在小麦、玉米播种后第1天,将20.00 g SRCU装入尼龙网袋,埋入20 cm深土壤中,从第1天起,定期取出肥料袋,称量肥料袋质量,以相邻取样时期的质量差作为氮素释放量。肥料配比试验设不施氮肥(CK)、普通尿素常规施用(FP)、普通尿素全部基施(100%U)和100%、70%、50%、30%SRCU分别与普通尿素配合一次性基施,共7个处理。在小麦、玉米收获期取植株和籽粒样品,测定氮素含量、产量,调查了小麦、玉米产量构成,计算氮肥表观利用率和经济效益。【结果】1)SRCU2和SRCU3在静水中第1天氮素累积释放率分别为9.29%和7.09%,28天的氮素累积释放率分别为63.45%和43.86%;SRCU2在64天的氮素累积释放率为89.77%,SRCU3在90天的氮素累积释放率为85.70%。2)埋入土壤中的SRCU2在玉米苗期(1-14天)、拔节期(14-42天)、大喇叭口期(42-56天)、开花期(56-70天)、灌浆期(70-94天)的氮素累积释放率分别为8.96%、25.28%、9.54%、21.77%、15.82%;氮素日均释放率在拔节期较高,至开花期最高。埋入土壤中的SRCU3在小麦越冬期(1-128天)、返青期(128-170天)、拔节期(170-201天)、开花-收获期(201-239天)的氮素累积释放速率分别为21.54%、7.60%、26.96%、26.24%;氮素日均释放率在拔节期、灌浆期较高。3)与常规施肥(FP)相比,100%SRCU和70%SRCU处理玉米产量显著升高,70%SRCU处理小麦产量显著升高;经济效益的增减与产量结果一致,施用100%SRCU、70%SRCU、50%SRCU处理玉米经济效益分别提高1107.82、1348.70、1065.80元/hm2,70%SRCU、50%SRCU处理小麦经济效益分别提高1609.98、683.71元/hm2,效益最高的均是70%SRCU处理。70%SRCU处理在玉米、小麦上的氮肥表现利用率分别提高8.97、7.10个百分点。【结论】小麦和玉米专用硫磺树脂包膜尿素的氮素释放率符合行业标准要求,但还需根据作物需求调整。目前SRCU3的氮素释放量在小麦返青期和拔节期不足,SRCU2需要增加玉米开花期后的释放量。本试验条件下,硫磺树脂包膜尿素在玉米和小麦上适宜的一次性配施比例为70%。
基金financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30900876 and 31101127)the Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAD14B17)+1 种基金the Special Research Funding for Public Benefit Industries (Agriculture) of China(201103001)the Major Innovation Project for Applied Technology of Shandong Province,China
文摘The water content and nutrient in soil are two main determine factors to crop yield and quality, managements of which in field are of great importance to maintain sustainable high yield. The objective of this study was to measure the uptake, forms, and use efficiency of phosphorus （P） in wheat under four levels of irrigation （W0, W1, W2, and W3） and three levels of P application （P0, P1, and P2） through two growth seasons of wheat （2008-2010）. The field experiment was carried out in a low level of soil P concentration and the eultivar was Jimai 20. The results indicated that P fertilizer combined with irrigation not only improved the activity of phosphatase in soil, but also increased P accumulation in wheat, similar results was found in the grain of wheat, the content of total P increased significantly. Meanwhile, the mainly existence forms of P in grain were the lecithoid-P and labile organic-P. On the other hand, in comparison to the irrigation, the dry matter and grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of wheat increased with increasing Papplication rates within the range of 0-180 kg P2O5 ha-1. The interaction between P and irrigation also significantly （P〈0.01） affected on the P accumulation, grain total P, grain phospholipid P, and P production efficiency. In this study, therefore, the P applications and irrigation improved grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of winter wheat, and W2P2 treatment （180 kg P2O5 ha-1 combination with 120 mm irrigation） had a high P accumulation and P use efficiency, it was an optimum level for P fertilizer application and irrigation in this region.
