Green aerobic oxidative desulfurization of diesel by constructing an Fe-Anderson type polyoxometalate and benzene sulfonic acid-based deep eutectic solvent biomimetic cycle

A unique redox-coupled biomimetic system was developed, in which Fe-Anderson type polyoxometalates(POMs) were employed as electron transfer mediators(ETMs) and benzenesulfonic acid(BSA)-based deep eutectic solvents(DESs) were used as electron-donors for aerobic oxidative desulfurization(AODS) of diesel fuel. Different compositions of DESs were used and the polyethylene glycol 2000(PEG2000)/2.5 BSA system showed the highest desulfurization activity, with the removal of dibenzothiophene(DBT) at 60 ℃ reaching 95% in 60 min. The excellent desulfurization activity of the system is due to the in situ formation of peroxysulfonate via a biomimetic process. By constructing a coupled redox system, Fe-Anderson type POMs as ETMs reduce the activation energy of oxygen-activated sulfonate. The physical characteristics of four different DESs were tested. The results show that the conductivity of DESs is correlated with the composition of BSA-based DESs. However, there is no similar trend in viscosity testing at the same temperature, and the maximum viscosity value is obtained for the PEG2000/2.5 BSA system at 60 ℃, which may be associated with the stronger hydrogen bonds. It is worth noting that the PEG2000/2.5 BSA system also possesses the best desulfurization activity, which suggests that the activity of the desulfurization system is related to the strength of the hydrogen bond in DESs. Finally, the biomimetic desulfurization system exhibits excellent performance and good stability under mild reaction conditions(60 ℃, atmospheric pressure, oxygen as the oxidant).

Research advance of Bacillus velezensis:bioinformatics,characteristics,and applications

Bacillus velezensis is a Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium.It has potent antimicrobial properties that can be used to promote plant growth and as a pesticide by inhibiting pathogens.B.velezensis has the capability to generate a diverse range of enzymes that have potential applications in various fields,such as enzyme production,fermented food,degradation of pollutants,and bioenergy.In addition,B.velezensis is a promising probiotic.It possesses high bile-salt tolerance characteristics and has a high success rate of colonization in the intestinal mucosa.Besides,the strain can also regulate gut microbiota constitute by increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms and decreasing the number of pathogens.Furthermore,based on its special properties,including high-yield protease production and high salt-tolerance,B.velezensis shows potential for use in marine protein fermentation,opening up new avenues for the development of novel food products and bioactive peptides.In addition,B.velezensis can shorten the fermentation time as well as improve the nutritional value and flavor of fermented food.The safety of B.velezensis for food production was evaluated.This review provides valuable insights into the potential uses and benefits of B.velezensis,particularly in the context of fermented foods.

Trametinib boosts palbociclib’s efficacy in breast cancer via autophagy inhibition

Breast cancer,a predominant global health issue,requires ongoing exploration of new therapeutic strategies.Palbociclib(PAL),a well-known cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)inhibitor,plays a critical role in breast cancer treatment.While its efficacy is recognized,the interplay between PAL and cellular autophagy,particularly in the context of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway,remains insufficiently explored.This study investigates PAL’s inhibitory effects on breast cancer using both in vitro(MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells)and in vivo(tumor-bearing nude mice)models.Aimed at elucidating the impact of PAL on autophagic processes and exploring the potential of combining it with trametinib(TRA),an MEK inhibitor,our research seeks to address the challenge of PAL-induced drug resistance.Ourfindings reveal that PAL significantly decreases the viability of MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells and reduces tumor size in mice while showing minimal cytotoxicity in MCF10A cells.However,PAL also induces protective autophagy,potentially leading to drug resistance via the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activation.Introducing TRA effectively neutralized this autophagy,enhancing PAL’s anti-tumor efficacy.A combination of PAL and TRA synergistically reduced cell viability and proliferation,and in vivo studies showed notable tumor size reduction.In conclusion,the PAL and TRA combination emerges as a promising strategy for overcoming PAL-induced resistance,offering a new horizon in breast cancer treatment.

Model-driven CT reconstruction algorithm for nano-resolution x-ray phase contrast imaging

The low-density imaging performance of a zone plate-based nano-resolution hard x-ray computed tomography(CT)system can be significantly improved by incorporating a grating-based Lau interferometer. Due to the diffraction, however,the acquired nano-resolution phase signal may suffer splitting problem, which impedes the direct reconstruction of phase contrast CT(nPCT) images. To overcome, a new model-driven nPCT image reconstruction algorithm is developed in this study. In it, the diffraction procedure is mathematically modeled into a matrix B, from which the projections without signal splitting can be generated invertedly. Furthermore, a penalized weighted least-square model with total variation(PWLSTV) is employed to denoise these projections, from which nPCT images with high accuracy are directly reconstructed.Numerical experiments demonstrate that this new algorithm is able to work with phase projections having any splitting distances. Moreover, results also reveal that nPCT images of higher signal-to-noise-ratio(SNR) could be reconstructed from projections having larger splitting distances. In summary, a novel model-driven nPCT image reconstruction algorithm with high accuracy and robustness is verified for the Lau interferometer-based hard x-ray nano-resolution phase contrast imaging.

New strategy to incorporate nano-particle sized water oxidation catalyst into dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting

In order to develop a new strategy to deposit nano-particle sized water oxidation catalyst based on earth abundant element to the photoanode in a photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting, Co;O;as water oxidation catalyst was prepared and subsequently modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The amino functionalized Co;O;catalyst was carefully characterized and then integrated to the ruthenium dye sensitized photoelectrode through fast Schiff base reaction. Cyclic voltammetry experiments in the dark confirmed that the modified Co;O;catalyst was still active toward water oxidation, which could be initiated by oxidation of the ruthenium photosensitizer. Under visible light irradiation, incorporation of the modified Co;O;catalyst resulted in dramatic enhancement of the transient photocurrent density for the photoanode, which was 8 times higher than that of without Co;O;catalyst.

Altered brain network centrality in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a resting-state fMRI study

AIM:To explore the intrinsic brain activity variations in retinal vein occlusion(RVO)subjects by using the voxel-wise degree centrality(DC)technique.METHODS:Twenty-one subjects with RVO and twentyone healthy controls(HCs)were enlisted and underwent the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-f MRI)examination.The spontaneous cerebrum activity variations were inspected using the DC technology.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was implemented to distinguish the DC values of RVOs from HCs.The relationships between DC signal of definite regions of interest and the clinical characteristics in RVO group were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation analysis.RESULTS:RVOs showed notably higher DC signals in right superior parietal lobule,middle frontal gyrus and left precuneus,but decreased DC signals in left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral anterior cingulated(BAC)when comparing with HCs.The mean DC value of RVOs in the BAC were negatively correlated with the anxiety and depression scale.CONCLUSION:RVO is associated aberrant intrinsic brain activity patterns in several brain areas including painrelated as well as visual-related regions,which might assist to reveal the latent neural mechanisms.

Surgical correction of recurrent epiblepharon in Chinese children using modified skin re-draping epicanthoplasty

AIM:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the modified skin re-draping epicanthoplasty procedure for correction of recurrent lower lid epiblepharon in Chinese children.METHODS:From 2016 to 2018,18 children(10 males and 8 females,average age 6.2±1.7 y;30 eyes)with recurrent epiblepharon who attended Beijing Children’s Hospital were included in the study.All the children had undergone lower eyelid surgery for epiblepharon.Surgical design included using an additional incision along the upper palpebral margin,to avoid vertical scarring on the upper lid.The re-draping method was used to correct recurrent epiblepharon.Follow-up ranged from 3 to 24 mo.Postoperative surgical outcomes,complications,and subjective satisfaction were evaluated.RESULTS:Complete correction of cilia touching the cornea was observed in all patients during an average follow-up of 7.1 mo.No"dog ears"or obvious scars were formed after surgery.All parents were satisfied with the cosmetic results and none complained.Mean astigmatism decreased from 2.39±0.79 diopter(D)preoperatively to 2.19±0.79 D at 6 mo after surgery;however,the difference was not significant.Best-corrected visual acuity improved,although the change in mean visual acuity was not significant.No recurrence occurred during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION:This surgical modified skin re-draping technique is effective and highly satisfactory for correction of recurrent epiblepharon.The approach is characterized by a simple design,a straightforward procedure,inconspicuous scarring,and good postoperative appearance.

Histopathological Observation of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther with Abdominal Dropsy in Industrial Aquaculture

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate and analyze the histopathological changes in various tissues and organs of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther with abdominal dropsy. [ Method] By HE staining, pathological tissues of main organs of C. semilaevis Giinther with abdominal dropsy were observed. [ Result] According to the results of histopathological observation, C. semilaevis Gilnther with abdominal dropsy exhibited a large amount of ascites in the abdominal cavity; small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were denatured and necrotic, and shed into the enteric cavity, with submucosal vascular congestion; the liver and pancreas tissues were denatured and necrotic, and the morphology of most liver cells disappeared. However, there was no remarkable pathological change in the heart, spleen and other organs. [ Conclusion] C. semilaevis Gtinther with abdominal dropsy exhibited serious pathological and histochemical lesions in the small intestine, liver and pancreas, causing metabolic disorders.

骨碎补总黄酮对去势小鼠海马神经元细胞的抗凋亡作用

目的:研究骨碎补总黄酮(Drynaria fortunei,DF)对卵巢摘除所致认知功能障碍小鼠海马神经元的保护作用。方法:本研究将90只昆明小鼠随机平均分为空白组、模型组、假手术组(SHAM组)、雌二醇阳性药(E2)组、DF组、DF+ICI182780(阻断剂)组,每组15只。采用新物体识别实验检测小鼠的记忆能力;应用HE染色、透射电镜观察小鼠海马区的细胞形态;通过TUNEL法测定小鼠的神经元细胞凋亡比。结果:与空白组相比较,模型组小鼠的识别指数明显下降,海马区神经元细胞数量降低,神经元细胞凋亡比明显增大;与模型组相比较,SHAM组、E2组及DF组小鼠的识别指数均上升,但后者在统计学中具有更为显著的意义,且SHAM组、E2组和DF组小鼠神经元细胞数量较多、细胞结构清晰可见,神经元细胞凋亡比明显降低;与DF组相比较,DF+ICI182780组细胞凋亡比明显升高,神经元细胞数量明显下降。结论:DF可以改善去势雌性小鼠的认知功能障碍,抑制海马神经元细胞凋亡,这可能是通过介导雌激素受体(Estrogen receptor,ER)实现的。

QBFO-BOMP Based Channel Estimation Algorithm for mmWave Massive MIMO Systems

At present,the traditional channel estimation algorithms have the disadvantages of over-reliance on initial conditions and high complexity.The bacterial foraging optimization(BFO)-based algorithm has been applied in wireless communication and signal processing because of its simple operation and strong self-organization ability.But the BFO-based algorithm is easy to fall into local optimum.Therefore,this paper proposes the quantum bacterial foraging optimization(QBFO)-binary orthogonal matching pursuit(BOMP)channel estimation algorithm to the problem of local optimization.Firstly,the binary matrix is constructed according to whether atoms are selected or not.And the support set of the sparse signal is recovered according to the BOMP-based algorithm.Then,the QBFO-based algorithm is used to obtain the estimated channel matrix.The optimization function of the least squares method is taken as the fitness function.Based on the communication between the quantum bacteria and the fitness function value,chemotaxis,reproduction and dispersion operations are carried out to update the bacteria position.Simulation results showthat compared with other algorithms,the estimationmechanism based onQBFOBOMP algorithm can effectively improve the channel estimation performance of millimeter wave(mmWave)massive multiple input multiple output(MIMO)systems.Meanwhile,the analysis of the time ratio shows that the quantization of the bacteria does not significantly increase the complexity.

资源错配视角下数字经济助力经济高质量发展的实证研究——基于调节效应与门槛效应

本文利用2011-2019年中国280个地级市的平衡面板数据,实证分析了数字经济对经济高质量发展水平的影响以及资源错配的内在机理。我们发现,数字经济能够显著促进经济高质量水平的提升,而资源错配会显著削弱这种正向影响,且这些影响具有阶段异质性,在沿海地区和内陆地区边际效应存在异质性。在内陆地区,数字经济在促进经济高质量发展方面发挥着更为重要的作用。

Explicit Solutions of the Coupled mKdV Equation by the Dressing Method via Local Riemann-Hilbert Problem

We study the coupled mKdV equation by the dressing method via local Riemann-Hilbert problem. With the help of the Lax pairs, we obtain the matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem with zeros. The explicit solutions for the coupled mKdV equation are derived with the aid of the regularization of the Riemann-Hilbert problem.

Casticin induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway and upregulation of DR5 in human lung cancer cells

Objective:To assess if casticin induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway and upregulation of DR5 in human lung cancer ceils.Methods:Human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines H460,AS49 and H157 were cultured in vitro.The cytotoxic activities were determined using MTT assay.The apoptotic cells death was examined by flow cytometry using PI staining and DMA agarose gel electrophoresis.The activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 were measured via ELISA.Cellular fractionation was determined by flow cytometry to assess release of cytochrome c and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential.Bcl-2/Bcl-XL/ XIAP/Bid/ DR5 and DR4 proteins were analyzed using western blot.Results:The concentrations required for a 50%decrease in cell growth(IC50) ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 Jt M.Casticin induced rapid apoptosis and triggered a series of effects associated with apoptosis by way of mitochondrial pathway,including the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane,release of cytochrome c from mitochondria,activation of procaspase-9 and -3,and increase of DNA fragments.Moreover, the pan caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK and the caspase-3 inhibitor zOEVD-FMK suppressed casticin-induced apoptosis.In addition,casticin induced XIAP and Bcl-XL down-regulation, Bax upregulation and Bid clearage.In H157 cell line,casticin increased expression of DRS at protein levels but not affect the expression of DR4.The prelreatmenl with DR5/Fc chimera protein effectively attenuated casticin-induced apoptosis in H157 cells.No correlation was found between cell sensitivity to casticin and that to p53 status,suggesting that casticin induce a p53- independent apoptosis.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that casticin induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway and upregulation of DRS in human lung cancer cells.

PEC载药微胶囊的自组装及缓释性能

为探讨多糖类生物质材料的高效利用,文中以纤维素硫酸钠-氯化壳聚糖-三聚磷酸钠(NaCS-CHC-STPP)微胶囊为核心/模板,以1%NaCS和0.5%CHC作为自组装的聚电解质溶液,采用层层自组装法制备了具有4层膜层结构的PEC4微胶囊,探究了自组装膜层结构对微胶囊的缓释性能影响。通过数码单反相机、扫描电子显微镜、Zeta电位分析等对PEC微胶囊的膜层结构进行了表征,并在模拟结肠液中对载药微胶囊的释放性能进行了测定与分析。结果表明,与模板相比(n=0),经层层自组装后得到的微胶囊形貌圆润,内部结构更加致密(1≤n≤3)。Zeta电位分析表明,随NaCS与CHC的交替组装,电位呈现规律性变化。傅里叶变换红外分析表明CHC与NaCS发生了化学反应。释放研究表明,随着自组装PEC膜层结构的增加(1≤n≤2),载药微胶囊的缓释给药效果得到明显提升,释放过程中微胶囊逐渐变褶皱、粗糙,伴有微孔结构。该研究结果可以为生物质材料构建缓释型药物递送体系提供理论参考。

Netrin-1 promotes epithelium repair in corneal injury

●AIM:To explore netrin-1 functions on corneal epithelium in vitro and in vivo.●METHODS:In vitro the human corneal epithelial(HCE)cells were treated with serum free DMEM-F12 basic media containing 0,50,100,200,300,500,800,and 1000 ng/mL of netrin-1,respectively.The cells viability was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8).The wound-healing assay was applied to assess the migration proficiency of HCE cells.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis.In vivo,normal c57(6 wk)mice were demarcated with a trephine in the middle of the cornea to produce a 3-mm circular wound.Mice corneas were inflicted no epithelium with a 3-mm wound displayed,but remained the limbal epithelium intact.A blunt scalpel blade was used to remove the corneal epithelian cells,followed by topical netrin-1 application(200 ng/mL),and the group treated by PBS as control.The treated group was injected netrin-1 into the normal c57 mice inferior subconjunctival 4 h before trauma.Mouse corneal inflammation and neovascularization were observed under slit lamp microscope.The apoptosis of corneal cells was determined by TUNEL staining.●RESLUTS:A concentration of 200 ng/mL netrin-1 enhanced 25%of the HCE viability.The relative migration rates were 76.3%and 100%in control and netrin-1 treated group after cultured 72 h.Treated with netrin-1(200 ng/mL)decreased the apoptosis of HCE cells,as well as decreased their percentage from 19.3%±0.57%to 12.7%±0.42%of the total.The remaining wound area was 1.22 mm2 in control group but 0.22 mm2 in the netrin-1 treated group.Exogenous Netrin-1 inhibits apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells of c57 mice.TUNEL-positive cells at the epithelial layer of the corneas of the control and netrin-1 treated c57 mice at 24 h after wounding were 43.3%and 16.7%respectively.●CONCLUSION:Netrin-1 can reduce HCE apoptosis as well as promote its proliferation and migration.Topical application of netrin-1 promotes the injuryed cornea epithelial wound repair and inhibits apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells.These findings may offer potential therapies to repair the defects of corneal epithelial based on netrin-1.

Improving rehabilitation and quality of life after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography drainage with a rapid rehabilitation model

BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography drainage(PTCD)effectively treats biliary obstruction.However,patients must maintain the drainage tube after hospital discharge,which may interfere with daily life and work,potentially causing psychological distress.Postoperative rehabilitation is crucial,and strengthened nursing interventions can shorten recovery time.AIM The aim was to evaluate an inpatient model to shorten rehabilitation duration and improve quality of life after PTCD.METHODS A total of 118 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice who were admitted to our hospital between May 2018 and January 2021 were included and divided into observational(with therapy)and control(no therapy)groups of 59 each.RESULTS The observational group had fewer hospitalization days than the control group.The complication,the PTCD fixed-tube prolapse,and tube-related admission rates within 3 mo after PTCD were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The fatigue,pain,nausea,vomiting,pruritus,emaciation,and fever scores after PTCD decreased in both groups compared with the scores before PTCD(P<0.05).The quality of life scores after the intervention were higher in the observation than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The model promoted rehabilitation after PTCD,reduced post-PTCD complications,and the tube-related admissions in the 3 mo after the procedure,and improved the quality of life.

Self-assembly Polyrotaxanes Nanoparticles as Carriers for Anticancer Drug Methotrexate Delivery

α-Cyclodextrin/poly(ethylene glycol)(α-CD/PEG) polyrotaxane nanoparticles were prepared via a self-assembly method. Anticancer drug methotrexate(MTX) was loaded in the nanoparticles. The interaction between MTX and polyrotaxane was investigated. The formation, morphology, drug release and in vitro anticancer activity of the MTX loaded polyrotaxane nanoparticles were studied. The results show that the MTX could be efficiently absorbed on the nanoparticles, and hydrogen bonds were formed between MTX andα-CDs. The typical channel-type stacking assembly style of polyrotaxane nanoparticles was changed after MTX was loaded. The mean diameter of drug loaded polyrotaxane nanoparticles were around 200 nm and the drug loading content was as high as about 20%. Drug release profiles show that most of the loaded MTX was released within 8 hours and the cumulated release rate was as high as 98%. The blank polyrotaxane nanoparticles were nontoxicity to cells. The in vitro anticancer activity of the MTX loaded polyrotaxane nanoparticles was higher than that of free MTX.

A New 2 + 1-Dimensional Integrable Variable Coefficient Toda Equation

In this paper, a new integrable variable coefficient Toda equation is proposed by utilizing a generalized version of the dressing method. At the same time, we derive the Lax pair of the new integrable variable coefficient Toda equation. The compatibility condition is given, which insures that the new Toda equation is integrable. To further analyze the character of the Toda equation, we derive one soliton solution of the obtained Toda equation by using separation of variables.

Mussel-inspired agarose hydrogel scaffolds for skin tissue engineering

Polysaccharide hydrogels are widely used in tissue engineering because of their superior biocompatibility and low immunogenicity.However,many of these hydrogels are unrealistic for practical applications as the cost of raw materials is high,and the fabrication steps are tedious.This study focuses on the facile fabrication and optimization of agarose-polydopamine hydrogel(APG)scaffolds for skin wound healing.The first study objective was to evaluate the effects of polydopamine(PDA)on the mechanical properties,water holding capacity and cell adhesiveness of APG.We observed that APG showed decreased rigidity and increased water content with the addition of PDA.Most importantly,decreased rigidity translated into significant increase in cell adhesiveness.Next,the slow biodegradability and high biocompatibility of APG with the highest PDA content(APG3)was confirmed.In addition,APG3 promoted full-thickness skin defect healing by accelerating collagen deposition and promoting angiogenesis.Altogether,we have developed a straightforward and efficient strategy to construct functional APG scaffold for skin tissue engineering,which has translation potentials in clinical practice.

Biodegradation and detoxification of the triphenylmethane dye coomassie brilliant blue by the extracellular enzymes from mycelia of Lactarius deliciosus

Fungi play an important role in dying wastewater treatment.In this work,the mycelia of Lactarius deliciosus exhibited an excellent capacity in decolorizing coomassie brilliant blue(CBB).The results demonstrated that the mycelia could treat CBB with high concentrations over a broad range of pH and temperature.The decolorization rate of 99.19%and the removal rate of 16.31 mg·L^(‒1)·h were realized.The mycelia could be recycled from decolorizing process for 19 times,indicating a good re-usability.It verified that the lignin peroxidase(121.65 U·L^(‒1))and manganese peroxidase(36.77 U·L^(‒1))were involved in the degradation and decolorization process of CBB.Toxicity assessments indicated the seed germination rate was up to 82.22%while inhibition to Escherichia coli decreased dramatically and no significant effect on Caenorhabditis elegans growth was found.The removal of CBB was a synergistic process accomplished by adsorption and biodegradation.The mycelia could be used for eco-friendly CBB treatment.