Children are mentally and physically immature,so they are more likely to fall victim to violence because of their vulnerability.Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,children face more risks of domestic violence....Children are mentally and physically immature,so they are more likely to fall victim to violence because of their vulnerability.Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,children face more risks of domestic violence.Due to the rapid development of the Internet,children face more complicated school violence,online violence and sexual violence.Due to the proliferation of guns,children face more shooting violence in some countries.In wars and regional conflicts,children are more vulnerable to violence.展开更多
The utilization of CO_(2)-Enhanced Coal Bed Methane(CO_(2)-ECBM)technology is pivotal in realizing the environmentally responsible and efficient exploitation of Coalbed Methane(CBM)energy resources.The optimization of...The utilization of CO_(2)-Enhanced Coal Bed Methane(CO_(2)-ECBM)technology is pivotal in realizing the environmentally responsible and efficient exploitation of Coalbed Methane(CBM)energy resources.The optimization of carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)for carbon reduction mandates a nuanced understanding of the diverse geological attributes present in CBM reserves globally.Traditional estimations of CO_(2)-ECBM's carbon sequestration potential have predominantly relied on rudimentary empirical models,notably those proposed by the United States Department of Energy(DOE),which overlook the intrinsic geological conditions and the physicochemical properties of subsurface fluids.Addressing these limitations,our study implements the advanced DR/Henry mixed adsorption model in tandem with the Peng-Robinson equation of state(PR-EOS).This approach meticulously identifies the critical parameters governing the mass exchange ratios between CO_(2)and CH_(4),pertinent to in-situ geological environments.Subsequently,we have formulated a comprehensive carbon sequestration potential assessment framework.This innovative model adheres to the mass conservation principles for individual CO_(2)and CH_(4)components,taking into account the specific surface and stratigraphic conditions prevalent.Employing this refined methodology,we evaluated the CO_(2)-ECBM carbon sequestration potential of the 40 evaluation units of extensional,compressive,and cratonic continental coal bearing basins in China's three major temperature-pressure systems across different depth domains and coal ranks within 2000 m.Our findings reveal that the theoretical carbon sequestration capacity of China's continental coal-bearing basins is approximately 59.893 billion tons.Concurrently,the potential ECBM output stands at an estimated 4.92 trillion cubic meters,underscoring the substantial environmental and energy benefits inherent in harnessing CO_(2)-ECBM technology effectively.The regional analysis revealed that North and Northwest China hold the highest sequestration and recovery potential,followed by the Northeast and Southern regions,respectively.Specific areas,including the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin and southern Junggar Basin,Qinshui,Huoxi,Xishan,and other areas in Shanxi,present promising future prospects for geological carbon storage in unrecoverable coal seams.展开更多
文摘Children are mentally and physically immature,so they are more likely to fall victim to violence because of their vulnerability.Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,children face more risks of domestic violence.Due to the rapid development of the Internet,children face more complicated school violence,online violence and sexual violence.Due to the proliferation of guns,children face more shooting violence in some countries.In wars and regional conflicts,children are more vulnerable to violence.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Numbers 42202179 and U2244207supported by the National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering at the China University of Petroleum,under Project Number PRP/open-2217+1 种基金Further support came from the State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Developmenta part of the'National Coal Seam(Series)Gas Geological Survey and Evaluation,a project number DD20240051 under the China Geological Survey。
文摘The utilization of CO_(2)-Enhanced Coal Bed Methane(CO_(2)-ECBM)technology is pivotal in realizing the environmentally responsible and efficient exploitation of Coalbed Methane(CBM)energy resources.The optimization of carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)for carbon reduction mandates a nuanced understanding of the diverse geological attributes present in CBM reserves globally.Traditional estimations of CO_(2)-ECBM's carbon sequestration potential have predominantly relied on rudimentary empirical models,notably those proposed by the United States Department of Energy(DOE),which overlook the intrinsic geological conditions and the physicochemical properties of subsurface fluids.Addressing these limitations,our study implements the advanced DR/Henry mixed adsorption model in tandem with the Peng-Robinson equation of state(PR-EOS).This approach meticulously identifies the critical parameters governing the mass exchange ratios between CO_(2)and CH_(4),pertinent to in-situ geological environments.Subsequently,we have formulated a comprehensive carbon sequestration potential assessment framework.This innovative model adheres to the mass conservation principles for individual CO_(2)and CH_(4)components,taking into account the specific surface and stratigraphic conditions prevalent.Employing this refined methodology,we evaluated the CO_(2)-ECBM carbon sequestration potential of the 40 evaluation units of extensional,compressive,and cratonic continental coal bearing basins in China's three major temperature-pressure systems across different depth domains and coal ranks within 2000 m.Our findings reveal that the theoretical carbon sequestration capacity of China's continental coal-bearing basins is approximately 59.893 billion tons.Concurrently,the potential ECBM output stands at an estimated 4.92 trillion cubic meters,underscoring the substantial environmental and energy benefits inherent in harnessing CO_(2)-ECBM technology effectively.The regional analysis revealed that North and Northwest China hold the highest sequestration and recovery potential,followed by the Northeast and Southern regions,respectively.Specific areas,including the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin and southern Junggar Basin,Qinshui,Huoxi,Xishan,and other areas in Shanxi,present promising future prospects for geological carbon storage in unrecoverable coal seams.
