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A Field Study on Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Modes on Nutrient Uptake,Crop Yield and Soil Biological Properties in Rice-Wheat Rotation System 被引量:14
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作者 GUAN Guan tu shu-xin +2 位作者 YANG Jun-cheng ZHANG Jian-feng YANG Li 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2011年第8期1254-1261,共8页
Rational application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers is an important measure to raise N fertilizer recovery rate and reduce N loss.A two-year field experiment of rice-wheat rotation was employed to study the effects of ... Rational application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers is an important measure to raise N fertilizer recovery rate and reduce N loss.A two-year field experiment of rice-wheat rotation was employed to study the effects of N fertilization modes including a N fertilizer reduction and an organic manure replacement on crop yield,nutrient uptake,soil enzyme activity,and number of microbes as well as diversity of microbes.The result showed that 20% reduction of traditional N fertilizer dose of local farmers did not significantly change crop yield,N uptake,soil enzyme activity,and the number of microbes (bacteria,actinomycetes,and fungi).On the basis of 20% reduction of N fertilizer,50% replacement of N fertilizer by organic manure increased the activity of sucrose,protease,urease,and phosphatase by 46-62,27-89,33-46,and 35-74%,respectively,and the number of microbes,i.e.,bacteria,actinomycetes,and fungi by 36-150,11-153,and 43-56%,respectively.Further,organic fertilizer replacement had a Shannon's diversity index (H) of 2.18,which was higher than that of other modes of single N fertilizer application.The results suggested that reducing N fertilizer by 20% and applying organic manure in the experimental areas could effectively lower the production costs and significantly improve soil fertility and biological properties. 展开更多
关键词 rice-wheat rotation N fertilization mode organic manure replacement soil enzyme activity microbial diversity
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秸秆和秸秆炭对黑土肥力及氮素矿化过程的影响 被引量:20
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作者 朱兴娟 李桂花 +6 位作者 涂书新 杨俊诚 郭康莉 冀拯宇 刘晓 张建峰 姜慧敏 《农业环境科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2018年第12期2785-2792,共8页
为实现我国典型黑土区玉米秸秆有效还田与协同提高肥料氮素养分利用提供理论依据,以东北黑土区春玉米种植体系为研究对象,在4年田间连续定位试验基础上,利用15N示踪技术结合淹水培养试验,研究秸秆和秸秆炭对土壤肥力与氮素矿化的影响。... 为实现我国典型黑土区玉米秸秆有效还田与协同提高肥料氮素养分利用提供理论依据,以东北黑土区春玉米种植体系为研究对象,在4年田间连续定位试验基础上,利用15N示踪技术结合淹水培养试验,研究秸秆和秸秆炭对土壤肥力与氮素矿化的影响。试验共设5个处理:对照、单施化肥(N1)、N1+50%玉米秸秆(N2)、N1+100%玉米秸秆(N3)、N1+相当于50%玉米秸秆还田的玉米秸秆炭(N4)、N1+相当于100%玉米秸秆还田的玉米秸秆炭(N5)。结果表明:与N1处理相比较,N2、N3、N4、N5处理均增加了土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮含量、微生物量碳和氮含量,且等量秸秆还田处理高于相当于等量秸秆还田的秸秆炭处理,其中100%秸秆还田分别显著提高微生物量碳和氮含量15.1%和23.1%(P<0.05);不同处理方式综合土壤肥力指数(IFI)由高到低依次为N3>N5>N4=N2>N1,秸秆、秸秆炭还田可显著提高土壤综合肥力(P<0.05);土壤有机氮的矿化量和矿化率随着秸秆和秸秆炭还田量的增加而增加,其中N2处理分别显著提高了23.4%和22.9%,N3处理分别显著提高了53.0%和35.8%(P<0.05);N2、N3、N4、N5处理下外源肥料15N的矿化量和矿化率分别显著提高了66.5%和50.0%、213.3%和279.0%、39.4%和36.3%、92.0%和40.0%(P<0.05),且随着秸秆炭还田量的增加而显著增加。土壤氮素矿化指标与土壤有机质、总氮、碱解氮、微生物量碳氮含量都存在着显著正相关关系。研究表明玉米秸秆、秸秆炭还田均可以显著提高土壤综合肥力;可协同提高土壤氮素矿化水平,且提高来自外源化肥氮占土壤矿化总氮的比重,其中以100%秸秆还田处理的影响更为明显。 展开更多
关键词 秸秆 秸秆炭 黑土 肥力指标 氮素矿化
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三聚磷酸钠与柠檬酸复合强化蜈蚣草修复砷污染土壤 被引量:6
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作者 向冬芳 廖水姣 +2 位作者 涂书新 张丽梅 谢天 《农业环境科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第8期1973-1981,共9页
为研究化学活化剂三聚磷酸钠和柠檬酸配合施用对蜈蚣草萃取砷效率的影响,通过模拟实验,在含砷57.7 mg·kg^-1的水稻土中,探究了单一活化剂(三聚磷酸钠0.75 g·kg^-1土,柠檬酸0.75 g·kg^-1土)和三聚磷酸钠与柠檬酸配合施用... 为研究化学活化剂三聚磷酸钠和柠檬酸配合施用对蜈蚣草萃取砷效率的影响,通过模拟实验,在含砷57.7 mg·kg^-1的水稻土中,探究了单一活化剂(三聚磷酸钠0.75 g·kg^-1土,柠檬酸0.75 g·kg^-1土)和三聚磷酸钠与柠檬酸配合施用(三聚磷酸钠∶柠檬酸=0.375 g·kg^-1土∶0.375 g·kg^-1土)对土壤有效态砷含量变化的影响;采用盆栽实验,探究了三聚磷酸钠和柠檬酸配合施用(三聚磷酸钠∶柠檬酸=0.187 5 g·kg^-1土∶0.187 5 g·kg^-1土)对蜈蚣草地上部萃取土壤砷的影响。模拟实验结果表明,与单一活化剂相比,三聚磷酸钠和柠檬酸配合施用对土壤砷的活化效果更显著。盆栽实验结果表明:与对照组相比,三聚磷酸钠和柠檬酸配合施用可使蜈蚣草羽叶干质量提高21.8%以上,砷萃取总量提高40.4%以上;根际土总砷含量下降,土壤脲酶和脱氢酶活性显著增加。研究表明在砷污染土壤施加三聚磷酸钠和柠檬酸,由于其提高了蜈蚣草植物干质量和土壤有效态砷含量,羽叶萃取砷效率明显提高。 展开更多
关键词 土壤 植物修复 三聚磷酸钠 柠檬酸 蜈蚣草
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Effect of Oxalic Acid on Potassium Release from Typical Chinese Soils and Minerals 被引量:4
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作者 tu shu-xin GUO Zhi-Fen SUN Jin-He 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第4期457-466,共10页
Oxalic acid plays an important role in improving the bioavailability of soil nutrients. Batch experiments were employed to examine the influences of oxalic acid on extraction and release kinetics of potassium (K) fr... Oxalic acid plays an important role in improving the bioavailability of soil nutrients. Batch experiments were employed to examine the influences of oxalic acid on extraction and release kinetics of potassium (K) from soils and minerals along with the adsorption and desorption of soil K^+. The soils and minerals used were three typical Chinese soils, black soil (Mollisol), red soil (Ultisol), and calcareous alluvial soil (Entisol), and four K-bearing minerals, biotite, phlogopite, muscovite, and microcline. The results showed that soil K extracted using 0.2 mol L^-1 oxalic acid was similar to that using 1 mol L^-1 boiling HNO3. The relation between K release (y) and concentrations of oxalic acid (c) could be best described logarithmically as y = a + blogc, while the best-fit kinetic equation of K release was y = a + b√t, where a and b are the constants and t is the elapsed time. The K release for minerals was ranked as biotite 〉 phlogopite 〉〉 muscovite 〉 microcline and for soils it was in the order: black soil 〉 calcareous alluvial soil 〉 red soil. An oxalic acid solution with low pH was able to release more K from weathered minerals and alkaline soils. Oxalic acid decreased the soil K^+ adsorption and increased the soil K^+ desorption, the effect of which tended to be greater at lower solution pH, especially in the red soil. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese soils K^+ adsorption and desorption K-bearing minerals K release oxalic acid
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Contribntion of Iron Phosphate in Calcareous Paddy Soils to Phosphorus Nntrition of Rice Plant
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作者 GUO ZHI-FEN tu shu-xin +1 位作者 LI XIAO-HUA PAN YONG and ZHANG YI-CHUN(Institute of Atomic Energy in Agricultural Use, Hubei Academy of Agricultrual Sciences, Wuhan 450064( China) 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1995年第3期275-281,共7页
A study was carried out on contribution of iron pbosphate to phosphorus nutrition of rice plant nnderwaterlogged and moist conditions, respectively, by use of synthetic Fe ̄(32) PO_4 . nH_2O, tagging directly the iron... A study was carried out on contribution of iron pbosphate to phosphorus nutrition of rice plant nnderwaterlogged and moist conditions, respectively, by use of synthetic Fe ̄(32) PO_4 . nH_2O, tagging directly the ironphophate in calcareous paddy soils.Results showed that under waterlogged condition, similar to iron phosphate in acidic paddy soils, that incalcareous paddy soils was an important source of phosphorus to rice plant, and the amount of phosphorusoriginated from it generally constituted 30-65% of the total phosphorus absorbed by rice plant. 展开更多
关键词 calcareous soil iron phosphate phosphorus nutrition RICE
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抗坏血酸还原降解土壤中的阿特拉津 被引量:5
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作者 曹梦华 涂书新 +1 位作者 张娥 侯耀宗 《环境工程》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第12期207-211,共5页
研究了抗坏血酸还原降解土壤中阿特拉津的效率、影响因素和途径。结果表明:抗坏血酸能有效降解土壤中阿特拉津。当抗坏血酸浓度为20 mmol/L,初始pH为7.0,温度为20℃时,土壤中阿特拉津降解率达到85.5%,降解速率为0.117 d-1。氧气会增加... 研究了抗坏血酸还原降解土壤中阿特拉津的效率、影响因素和途径。结果表明:抗坏血酸能有效降解土壤中阿特拉津。当抗坏血酸浓度为20 mmol/L,初始pH为7.0,温度为20℃时,土壤中阿特拉津降解率达到85.5%,降解速率为0.117 d-1。氧气会增加抗坏血酸的消耗量,从而抑制土壤中阿特拉津的降解。在20~50℃内增加反应温度能促进土壤中阿特拉津的降解,抗坏血酸降解土壤中阿特拉津的表观活化能为22.6 kJ/mol。抗坏血酸在碱性条件下降解阿特拉津的效率显著高于中性和酸性。抗坏血酸降解阿特拉津的途径主要包括脱氯、脱烷基和羟基化反应。 展开更多
关键词 抗坏血酸 阿特拉津 土壤修复 降解
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