A review of rockburst:Experiments,theories,and simulations

Rockburst is becoming a huge challenge for the utilization of deep underground space.Extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating the rockburst behavior and mechanism experimentally,theoretically,and numerically.The aim of this review is to discuss the novel development and the state-of-the-art in experimental techniques,theories,and numerical approaches proposed for rockburst.The definition and classification of rockburst are first summarized with an in-depth comparison among them.Then,the available laboratory experimental technologies for rockburst are reviewed in terms of indirect and direct approaches,with the highlight of monitoring technologies and data analysis methods.Some key rockburst influencing factors(i.e.size and shape,rock types,stress state,water content,and temperature)are analyzed and discussed based on collected data.After that,rockburst theories and mechanisms are discussed and evaluated,as well as the microscopic observation.The simulation approaches of rockburst are also summarized with the highlight of optional novel numerical methods.The accuracy,stability,and reliability of different experimental,theoretical and numerical approaches are also compared and assessed in each part.Finally,a summary and some aspects of prospective research are presented.

开挖补偿法防控深部地下岩爆灾害——引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞案例分析

Rockburst disasters occur frequently during deep underground excavation,yet traditional concepts and methods can hardly meet the requirements for support under high geo-stress conditions.Consequently,rockburst control remains challenging in the engineering field.In this study,the mechanism of excavation-induced rockburst was briefly described,and it was proposed to apply the excavation compensation method(ECM)to rockburst control.Moreover,a field test was carried out on the Qinling Water Conveyance Tunnel.The following beneficial findings were obtained:Excavation leads to changes in the engineering stress state of surrounding rock and results in the generation of excess energy DE,which is the fundamental cause of rockburst.The ECM,which aims to offset the deep excavation effect and lower the risk of rockburst,is an active support strategy based on high pre-stress compensation.The new negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)bolt developed has the mechanical characteristics of high strength,high toughness,and impact resistance,serving as the material basis for the ECM.The field test results reveal that the ECM and the NPR bolt succeed in controlling rockburst disasters effectively.The research results are expected to provide guidance for rockburst support in deep underground projects such as Sichuan-Xizang Railway.

二维有机-无机杂化钙钛矿:从材料性能到器件应用（英文）

二维(2D)钙钛矿材料(包括纯2D和准2D)是在传统意义上的三维钙钛矿晶格中插入大基团卤化铵形成的.在过去的20年里,二维钙钛矿材料种类不断丰富,相关理论研究不断深入,在光电器件领域的应用不断拓展.本综述介绍了2D钙钛矿材料的基本形成机制和性能,汇总和比较了2D钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法,并给出了其在太阳电池以及发光二极管领域的应用实例.最后,提出了该领域亟待解决的问题,以及未来的研究趋势.