Background Working memory(WM)deficit is considered a core feature and cognitive biomarker in patients with schizophrenia.Several studies have reported prominent object WM deficits in patients with schizophrenia,sugges...Background Working memory(WM)deficit is considered a core feature and cognitive biomarker in patients with schizophrenia.Several studies have reported prominent object WM deficits in patients with schizophrenia,suggesting that visual WM in these patients extends to non-spatial domains.However,whether non-spatial WM is similarly affected remains unclear.Aim This study primarily aimed to identify the processing of visual object WM in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods The study included 36 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls.Visual object WM capacity,including face and house WM capacity,was assessed by means of delayed matching-to sample visual WM tasks,in which participants must distribute memory so that they can discriminate a target sample.We specifically examined their anhedonia experience by the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale.Cognitive performance was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS).Results Both face and house WM capacity was significantly impaired in patients with schizophrenia.For both tasks,the performance of all the subjects was worse under the high-load condition than under the low-load condition.We found that WM capacity was highly positively correlated with the performance on RBANS total scores(r=−0.528,p=0.005),RBANS delayed memory scores(r=−0.470,p=0.013),RBANS attention scores(r=−0.584,p=0.001),RBANS language scores(r=−0.448,p=0.019),Trail-Making Test:Part A raw scores(r=0.465,p=0.015)and simple IQ total scores(r=−0.538,p=0.005),and correlated with scores of the vocabulary test(r=−0.490,p=0.011)and scores of the Block Diagram Test(r=−0.426,p=0.027)in schizophrenia.No significant correlations were observed between WM capacity and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale symptoms.Conclusions Our research found that visual object WM capacity is dramatically impaired in patients with schizophrenia and is strongly correlated with other measures of cognition,suggesting a mechanism that is critical in explaining a portion of the broad cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication along with restricted and repetitive behavior.For a long period of time,ASD was considered t...Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication along with restricted and repetitive behavior.For a long period of time,ASD was considered to be a rare mental disorder,with a prevalence of less than1/100,000.However,the prevalence of diagnosed ASD has increased rapidly in recent years to approximately展开更多
With intensive training, human can achieve impressive behavioral improvement on various perceptual tasks. This phenomenon, termed perceptual learning, has long been considered as a hallmark of the plasticity of sensor...With intensive training, human can achieve impressive behavioral improvement on various perceptual tasks. This phenomenon, termed perceptual learning, has long been considered as a hallmark of the plasticity of sensory neural system. Not surprisingly, high-level vision, such as object perception, can also be improved by perceptual learning. Here we review recent psychophysical, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies investigating the effects of training on object selective cortex, such as monkey inferior temporal cortex and human lateral occipital area. Evidences show that learning leads to an increase in object selectivity at the single neuron level and/or the neuronal population level. These findings indicate that high-level visual cortex in humans is highly plastic and visual experience can strongly shape neural functions of these areas. At the end of the review, we discuss several important future directions in this area.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 81671334)Planed Science and Technology Projects of Guangzhou(grant 201904010267)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangzhou in Guangdong Province of China(grant 2060404).
文摘Background Working memory(WM)deficit is considered a core feature and cognitive biomarker in patients with schizophrenia.Several studies have reported prominent object WM deficits in patients with schizophrenia,suggesting that visual WM in these patients extends to non-spatial domains.However,whether non-spatial WM is similarly affected remains unclear.Aim This study primarily aimed to identify the processing of visual object WM in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods The study included 36 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls.Visual object WM capacity,including face and house WM capacity,was assessed by means of delayed matching-to sample visual WM tasks,in which participants must distribute memory so that they can discriminate a target sample.We specifically examined their anhedonia experience by the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale.Cognitive performance was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS).Results Both face and house WM capacity was significantly impaired in patients with schizophrenia.For both tasks,the performance of all the subjects was worse under the high-load condition than under the low-load condition.We found that WM capacity was highly positively correlated with the performance on RBANS total scores(r=−0.528,p=0.005),RBANS delayed memory scores(r=−0.470,p=0.013),RBANS attention scores(r=−0.584,p=0.001),RBANS language scores(r=−0.448,p=0.019),Trail-Making Test:Part A raw scores(r=0.465,p=0.015)and simple IQ total scores(r=−0.538,p=0.005),and correlated with scores of the vocabulary test(r=−0.490,p=0.011)and scores of the Block Diagram Test(r=−0.426,p=0.027)in schizophrenia.No significant correlations were observed between WM capacity and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale symptoms.Conclusions Our research found that visual object WM capacity is dramatically impaired in patients with schizophrenia and is strongly correlated with other measures of cognition,suggesting a mechanism that is critical in explaining a portion of the broad cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31400960)
文摘Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication along with restricted and repetitive behavior.For a long period of time,ASD was considered to be a rare mental disorder,with a prevalence of less than1/100,000.However,the prevalence of diagnosed ASD has increased rapidly in recent years to approximately
文摘With intensive training, human can achieve impressive behavioral improvement on various perceptual tasks. This phenomenon, termed perceptual learning, has long been considered as a hallmark of the plasticity of sensory neural system. Not surprisingly, high-level vision, such as object perception, can also be improved by perceptual learning. Here we review recent psychophysical, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies investigating the effects of training on object selective cortex, such as monkey inferior temporal cortex and human lateral occipital area. Evidences show that learning leads to an increase in object selectivity at the single neuron level and/or the neuronal population level. These findings indicate that high-level visual cortex in humans is highly plastic and visual experience can strongly shape neural functions of these areas. At the end of the review, we discuss several important future directions in this area.
