Comparative studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH） pollution in residential air of Hangzhou （China） and Shizuoka （Japan） were conducted in summer （August,2006） and winter （January,2007）.Total conce...Comparative studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH） pollution in residential air of Hangzhou （China） and Shizuoka （Japan） were conducted in summer （August,2006） and winter （January,2007）.Total concentrations of 8 PAHs ranged from 7.1 to 320 ng/m 3 and 0.15 to 35 ng/m 3 in residential air of Hangzhou and Shizuoka,respectively.Air PAH concentrations in smoking houses were higher than that in nonsmoking houses.In nonsmoking houses,mothball emission and cooking practice were the emission sources of 2and 3-ring PAHs in Hangzhou,respectively.The 2and 3-ring PAHs were from use of insect repellent,kerosene heating and outdoor environment in nonsmoking houses in Shizuoka.The 5and 6-ring PAHs in residential air were mainly from outdoor environment in both cities.Toxicity potencies of PAHs in residential air of Hangzhou were much higher than that in Shizuoka.展开更多
Here, we examined the incineration of extruded polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD） in a pilot-scale incinerator under various combustion temperatures（800–950℃） and flue gas residence times（2–8 ...Here, we examined the incineration of extruded polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD） in a pilot-scale incinerator under various combustion temperatures（800–950℃） and flue gas residence times（2–8 sec）. Rates of HBCD decomposition ranged from 99.996%（800℃, 2 sec） to 99.9999%（950℃, 8 sec）; the decomposition of HBCD, except during the initial stage of combustion（flue gas residence time 〈 2 sec）, followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. An Arrhenius plot revealed that the activation energy and frequency factor of the decomposition of HBCD by combustion were 14.2 kJ/mol and 1.69 sec^（-1）,respectively. During combustion, 11 brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（BrPAHs）were detected as unintentional by-products. Of the 11 BrPAHs detected, 2-bromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were detected at the highest concentrations. The mutagenic and carcinogenic BrPAHs 1,5-dibromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were most frequently detected in the flue gases analyzed. The total concentration of BrPAHs exponentially increased（range,87.8–2,040,000 ng/m^3） with increasing flue gas residence time. Results from a qualitative analysis using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry suggest that bromofluorene and bromopyrene（or fluoranthene） congeners were also produced during the combustion.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.Y5100309,Z5100294)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.20100471698)+1 种基金the S&T Plan Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (No.Y201017541)the Program of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department (No.2010C33059)
文摘Comparative studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH） pollution in residential air of Hangzhou （China） and Shizuoka （Japan） were conducted in summer （August,2006） and winter （January,2007）.Total concentrations of 8 PAHs ranged from 7.1 to 320 ng/m 3 and 0.15 to 35 ng/m 3 in residential air of Hangzhou and Shizuoka,respectively.Air PAH concentrations in smoking houses were higher than that in nonsmoking houses.In nonsmoking houses,mothball emission and cooking practice were the emission sources of 2and 3-ring PAHs in Hangzhou,respectively.The 2and 3-ring PAHs were from use of insect repellent,kerosene heating and outdoor environment in nonsmoking houses in Shizuoka.The 5and 6-ring PAHs in residential air were mainly from outdoor environment in both cities.Toxicity potencies of PAHs in residential air of Hangzhou were much higher than that in Shizuoka.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. JP16H05891)the Steel Foundation for Environmental Protection Technology+1 种基金the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (No. 3K153003) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japana Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan
文摘Here, we examined the incineration of extruded polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD） in a pilot-scale incinerator under various combustion temperatures（800–950℃） and flue gas residence times（2–8 sec）. Rates of HBCD decomposition ranged from 99.996%（800℃, 2 sec） to 99.9999%（950℃, 8 sec）; the decomposition of HBCD, except during the initial stage of combustion（flue gas residence time 〈 2 sec）, followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. An Arrhenius plot revealed that the activation energy and frequency factor of the decomposition of HBCD by combustion were 14.2 kJ/mol and 1.69 sec^（-1）,respectively. During combustion, 11 brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（BrPAHs）were detected as unintentional by-products. Of the 11 BrPAHs detected, 2-bromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were detected at the highest concentrations. The mutagenic and carcinogenic BrPAHs 1,5-dibromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were most frequently detected in the flue gases analyzed. The total concentration of BrPAHs exponentially increased（range,87.8–2,040,000 ng/m^3） with increasing flue gas residence time. Results from a qualitative analysis using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry suggest that bromofluorene and bromopyrene（or fluoranthene） congeners were also produced during the combustion.
