Community-acquired serious bacterial infections in the first 90 days of life:a revisit in the era of multi-drug-resistant organisms

Background Infants in the first 90 days of life are more prone to develop serious bacterial infections(SBIs).Multi-drug-resistant organisms(MDROs)are emerging as important pathogens causing SBIs.We reviewed the epidemiology of SBIs in infants 0-90 days old and compared the clinical features,laboratory values and final outcome for SBIs due to MDROs vs.non-MDROs.Methods Episodes of culture-proven SBIs(bacteremia,urinary tract infections,or meningitis)with age at onset of 0-90 days during a 7-year period were retrospectively reviewed.Health care-associated infections were excluded.We collected demo-graphics,clinical features,and laboratory and microbiology data.We compared clinical characteristics,laboratory data,microbiologic results and final outcome for SBIs due to MDROs vs.non-MDROs.Results Ninety-four episodes(88 patients)including bacteremia(42.6%),urinary tract infections(54.3%)and meningi-tis(3.1%)were caused by Gram-negative bacteria(67%),and Gram-positive bacteria(33%).Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and GBS were the most common causes.MDROs caused SBIs in 39 patients(44.3%).SBIs due to MDROs were associated with more delay in providing targeted antimicrobial therapy compared to non-MDROs(74.4%vs.0%,P≤0.001,but no difference in case-fatality rate(12.8%vs.12.2%,P=1.0).Clinical features or basic laboratory values were not statistically different between the two groups.Conclusions The bacteriology of SBIs in the first 90 days of life is changing to include more MDROs,which causes more delay in providing targeted antimicrobial therapy.Awareness of the local epidemiology is crucial to ensure appropriate antibiotics are provided in a timely manner.