In the porcine model discussed in this review,the acute subdural hematoma was induced by subdural injection of autologous blood over the left parietal cortex,which led to a transient elevation of the intracerebral pre...In the porcine model discussed in this review,the acute subdural hematoma was induced by subdural injection of autologous blood over the left parietal cortex,which led to a transient elevation of the intracerebral pressure,measured by bilateral neuromonitoring.The hematoma-induced brain injury was associated with albumin extravasation,oxidative stress,reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation in the ipsilateral hemisphere.Further proteins and injury markers were validated to be used for immunohistochemistry of porcine brain tissue.The cerebral expression patterns of oxytocin,oxytocin receptor,cystathionine-γ-lyase and cystathionine-β-synthase were particularly interesting:these four proteins all co-localized at the base of the sulci,where pressure-induced brain injury elicits maximum stress.In this context,the pig is a very relevant translational model in contrast to the rodent brain.The structure of the porcine brain is very similar to the human:the presence of gyri and sulci(gyrencephalic brain),white matter to grey matter proportion and tentorium cerebelli.Thus,pressure-induced injury in the porcine brain,unlike in the rodent brain,is reflective of the human pathophysiology.展开更多
基金This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Bundeswehr and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)-Projektnummer 251293561-SFB 1149(to PR)a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)-Projektnummer 251293561-SFB 1149 and Ulm University-Baustein-Programm(to TM).
文摘In the porcine model discussed in this review,the acute subdural hematoma was induced by subdural injection of autologous blood over the left parietal cortex,which led to a transient elevation of the intracerebral pressure,measured by bilateral neuromonitoring.The hematoma-induced brain injury was associated with albumin extravasation,oxidative stress,reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation in the ipsilateral hemisphere.Further proteins and injury markers were validated to be used for immunohistochemistry of porcine brain tissue.The cerebral expression patterns of oxytocin,oxytocin receptor,cystathionine-γ-lyase and cystathionine-β-synthase were particularly interesting:these four proteins all co-localized at the base of the sulci,where pressure-induced brain injury elicits maximum stress.In this context,the pig is a very relevant translational model in contrast to the rodent brain.The structure of the porcine brain is very similar to the human:the presence of gyri and sulci(gyrencephalic brain),white matter to grey matter proportion and tentorium cerebelli.Thus,pressure-induced injury in the porcine brain,unlike in the rodent brain,is reflective of the human pathophysiology.
