Aiming at the safety problems of botanical pesticides currently ignored, the paper analyzes the unsafe factors existing in botanical pesticides from the three aspects of active ingredients, inactive ingredients and un...Aiming at the safety problems of botanical pesticides currently ignored, the paper analyzes the unsafe factors existing in botanical pesticides from the three aspects of active ingredients, inactive ingredients and unregistered active ingredients, in order to provide a scientific reference for the safe use and effective su- pervision of botanical pesticides.展开更多
To investigate the effects of long-term fertilization systems on soil microbial community structure,labile organic carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activity in yellow sand paddy field and upland,a field experiment was c...To investigate the effects of long-term fertilization systems on soil microbial community structure,labile organic carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activity in yellow sand paddy field and upland,a field experiment was conducted at the experimental station of Dongyang Institute of Maize Research in Zhejiang Province,China in 2009.The experiment consisted of six treatments with three replicates,and they were arranged in a completely randomized design,including no fertilization in paddy field (PCK),conventional fertilization in paddy field (PCF),formulated fertilization by soil testing in paddy field (PSTF),formulated fertilization by soil testing with organic manure in paddy field (PSTF+OF),conventional fertilization on upland (DCF),and formulated fertilization by soil testing with organic manure on upland (DSTF+OF).Soil nutrients,enzyme activity,microbial biomass and community structure were determined in 2015.The results showed that compared with no fertilization in paddy field (PCK),fertilization increased soil phosphorus and potassium content,and decreased pH value.No fertilization in paddy field (PCK) had no significant effect on soil culturable microorganisms in paddy field and upland,but formulated fertilization by soil testing with organic manure on upland (DSTF+OF) significantly increased the number of fungi.Formula fertilization by soil testing with organic manure (PSTF+OF) also significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in paddy field and upland.Moreover,fertilization had no significant effect on soil cellulase activity,but formula fertilization by soil testing with organic manure (PSTF+OF) significantly increased soil dehydrogenase and catalase activity.Therefore,long-term application of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil fertility.展开更多
试验结果表明,糯玉米浙糯玉14在不同密度下产量有显著性差异,667 m 2密度为4000株产量最高。密度增加对穗位、茎粗、功能叶SPAD值、单穗重和秃尖有显著影响。回归分析结果显示,不同密度下SPAD值、茎粗、穗位对单穗重呈正向作用;SPAD值...试验结果表明,糯玉米浙糯玉14在不同密度下产量有显著性差异,667 m 2密度为4000株产量最高。密度增加对穗位、茎粗、功能叶SPAD值、单穗重和秃尖有显著影响。回归分析结果显示,不同密度下SPAD值、茎粗、穗位对单穗重呈正向作用;SPAD值、株高、茎粗对秃尖长呈负向作用。通径分析对单穗重直接作用大小为SPAD值>茎粗>穗位,对秃尖长的直接作用大小为SPAD值>株高>茎粗。展开更多
The real-time measurement and reconstruction of three-dimensional temperature are essential when studying the combustion process inside a flame. In the proposed sectioned flame light field imaging model, flame section...The real-time measurement and reconstruction of three-dimensional temperature are essential when studying the combustion process inside a flame. In the proposed sectioned flame light field imaging model, flame sections are reconstructed based on the characteristics identified using the Lucy-Richardson or nearest neighbor filtering methods, or a joint method involving a combination of both, to improve on the accuracy of two-dimensional temperature reconstruction. Compared to the results of a previous work, the proposed method increases the resolution in the depth of field direction and the extraction of the flame temperature of all sections from the same height ensures the accuracy of the reconstructed temperature distribution across the cross-section of the flame. The relative error when compared to the actual flame is less than 10%. Thus, this approach allows the accurate estimation of the three-dimensional temperature distribution inside a flame, and enables the rapid and effective reconstruction of the three-dimensional temperature field.展开更多
The equation describing the transfer of radiant energy in semitransparent media is radiative transfer equation. In three-dimensional semitransparent media, radiative intensity is a function of 7 dimensions, which can ...The equation describing the transfer of radiant energy in semitransparent media is radiative transfer equation. In three-dimensional semitransparent media, radiative intensity is a function of 7 dimensions, which can only be solved through the numerical method in most circumstances. Numerical simulation has become an important way in the study and application of the theory of thermal radiative transfer in semitransparent media. This paper reviews the recent progress of Chinese scholars in the field of computational thermal radiative transfer, and proposes some important subjects in this field for future study.展开更多
The plenoptic imaging technique provides a promising approach to the non-invasive three-dimensional measurement, especially for the high-temperature combustion diagnosis. We establish a light-field convolution imaging...The plenoptic imaging technique provides a promising approach to the non-invasive three-dimensional measurement, especially for the high-temperature combustion diagnosis. We establish a light-field convolution imaging model for diffusion flame in this work, considering the radiation transfer process inside the diffusion flame and the light transfer process inside the focused plenoptic camera together. The radiation transfer process is described by the radiation transfer equation and solved by the generalized source multi-flux method. Wave optics theory is adopted to describe the light transfer process, combining Fresnel diffraction and the phase conversion of the lens. The flame light-field image is obtained by the light-field convolution imaging model and adopted as the measurement signal to reconstruct three-dimensional temperature field. The inverse problem of temperature reconstruction is solved by the least square QR decomposition method. The simulative temperature reconstruction work is conducted, including the inverse analysis, the uncertainty analysis, and the measurement noise influence. All the results show that the proposed measurement method is available to reconstruct three-dimensional temperature with satisfactory accuracy and acceptable uncertainty. Both symmetric and asymmetric distributed temperature fields are investigated, and the reconstructed results prove the validity and universality of the measurement method.展开更多
This paper studies the radiative heat transfer within an inhomogeneous and isot- ropically scattering medium with reflecting Fresnel's surfaces. Thermal radiation transfers in a curve inside a medium with an inhom...This paper studies the radiative heat transfer within an inhomogeneous and isot- ropically scattering medium with reflecting Fresnel's surfaces. Thermal radiation transfers in a curve inside a medium with an inhomogeneous distribution of a re- fractive index. The inhomogenous medium is divided into n homogenous isother- mal sub-layers and in each sub-layer the radiation transfers in a straight line. By adopting a multilayer radiative transfer model and using a ray-tracing/nodal- ana- lyzing method, a radiative transfer model is built for the inhomogenous participat- ing medium. In the multilayer model, a criterion for refraction / total reflection at the interfaces between neighboring sub-layers is introduced, avoiding the integral singularity and reflection at physically inexistent interfaces (only the total reflection is considered). Transient thermal behavior is examined when the parameters of the radiative properties such as refractive indexes, extinction coefficients, and sin- gle-scattering albedoes vary continually along the thickness direction.展开更多
基金Supported by National Innovation Project(2009IM032500)Science and Technology Supporting Program of Sichuan Province(2009NZ0015)
文摘Aiming at the safety problems of botanical pesticides currently ignored, the paper analyzes the unsafe factors existing in botanical pesticides from the three aspects of active ingredients, inactive ingredients and unregistered active ingredients, in order to provide a scientific reference for the safe use and effective su- pervision of botanical pesticides.
基金Supported by National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CARS-02-69)Major Agriculture Science Foundation of Upland Grain Crops Breeding of Zhejiang Province(2016C02050-9-1)Project for Training of Youth Talents of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015)
文摘To investigate the effects of long-term fertilization systems on soil microbial community structure,labile organic carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activity in yellow sand paddy field and upland,a field experiment was conducted at the experimental station of Dongyang Institute of Maize Research in Zhejiang Province,China in 2009.The experiment consisted of six treatments with three replicates,and they were arranged in a completely randomized design,including no fertilization in paddy field (PCK),conventional fertilization in paddy field (PCF),formulated fertilization by soil testing in paddy field (PSTF),formulated fertilization by soil testing with organic manure in paddy field (PSTF+OF),conventional fertilization on upland (DCF),and formulated fertilization by soil testing with organic manure on upland (DSTF+OF).Soil nutrients,enzyme activity,microbial biomass and community structure were determined in 2015.The results showed that compared with no fertilization in paddy field (PCK),fertilization increased soil phosphorus and potassium content,and decreased pH value.No fertilization in paddy field (PCK) had no significant effect on soil culturable microorganisms in paddy field and upland,but formulated fertilization by soil testing with organic manure on upland (DSTF+OF) significantly increased the number of fungi.Formula fertilization by soil testing with organic manure (PSTF+OF) also significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in paddy field and upland.Moreover,fertilization had no significant effect on soil cellulase activity,but formula fertilization by soil testing with organic manure (PSTF+OF) significantly increased soil dehydrogenase and catalase activity.Therefore,long-term application of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil fertility.
文摘试验结果表明,糯玉米浙糯玉14在不同密度下产量有显著性差异,667 m 2密度为4000株产量最高。密度增加对穗位、茎粗、功能叶SPAD值、单穗重和秃尖有显著影响。回归分析结果显示,不同密度下SPAD值、茎粗、穗位对单穗重呈正向作用;SPAD值、株高、茎粗对秃尖长呈负向作用。通径分析对单穗重直接作用大小为SPAD值>茎粗>穗位,对秃尖长的直接作用大小为SPAD值>株高>茎粗。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51776051)
文摘The real-time measurement and reconstruction of three-dimensional temperature are essential when studying the combustion process inside a flame. In the proposed sectioned flame light field imaging model, flame sections are reconstructed based on the characteristics identified using the Lucy-Richardson or nearest neighbor filtering methods, or a joint method involving a combination of both, to improve on the accuracy of two-dimensional temperature reconstruction. Compared to the results of a previous work, the proposed method increases the resolution in the depth of field direction and the extraction of the flame temperature of all sections from the same height ensures the accuracy of the reconstructed temperature distribution across the cross-section of the flame. The relative error when compared to the actual flame is less than 10%. Thus, this approach allows the accurate estimation of the three-dimensional temperature distribution inside a flame, and enables the rapid and effective reconstruction of the three-dimensional temperature field.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50836002, 50620120442)
文摘The equation describing the transfer of radiant energy in semitransparent media is radiative transfer equation. In three-dimensional semitransparent media, radiative intensity is a function of 7 dimensions, which can only be solved through the numerical method in most circumstances. Numerical simulation has become an important way in the study and application of the theory of thermal radiative transfer in semitransparent media. This paper reviews the recent progress of Chinese scholars in the field of computational thermal radiative transfer, and proposes some important subjects in this field for future study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51976044)the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017-V-0016-0069)the Foundation for Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program。
文摘The plenoptic imaging technique provides a promising approach to the non-invasive three-dimensional measurement, especially for the high-temperature combustion diagnosis. We establish a light-field convolution imaging model for diffusion flame in this work, considering the radiation transfer process inside the diffusion flame and the light transfer process inside the focused plenoptic camera together. The radiation transfer process is described by the radiation transfer equation and solved by the generalized source multi-flux method. Wave optics theory is adopted to describe the light transfer process, combining Fresnel diffraction and the phase conversion of the lens. The flame light-field image is obtained by the light-field convolution imaging model and adopted as the measurement signal to reconstruct three-dimensional temperature field. The inverse problem of temperature reconstruction is solved by the least square QR decomposition method. The simulative temperature reconstruction work is conducted, including the inverse analysis, the uncertainty analysis, and the measurement noise influence. All the results show that the proposed measurement method is available to reconstruct three-dimensional temperature with satisfactory accuracy and acceptable uncertainty. Both symmetric and asymmetric distributed temperature fields are investigated, and the reconstructed results prove the validity and universality of the measurement method.
基金Supported by the Major Program of International Cooperation of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50620120442)
文摘This paper studies the radiative heat transfer within an inhomogeneous and isot- ropically scattering medium with reflecting Fresnel's surfaces. Thermal radiation transfers in a curve inside a medium with an inhomogeneous distribution of a re- fractive index. The inhomogenous medium is divided into n homogenous isother- mal sub-layers and in each sub-layer the radiation transfers in a straight line. By adopting a multilayer radiative transfer model and using a ray-tracing/nodal- ana- lyzing method, a radiative transfer model is built for the inhomogenous participat- ing medium. In the multilayer model, a criterion for refraction / total reflection at the interfaces between neighboring sub-layers is introduced, avoiding the integral singularity and reflection at physically inexistent interfaces (only the total reflection is considered). Transient thermal behavior is examined when the parameters of the radiative properties such as refractive indexes, extinction coefficients, and sin- gle-scattering albedoes vary continually along the thickness direction.
