背景:近年来深度学习技术越来越多地被运用于口腔医学领域,提高了口腔影像分析的效率及准确率,推动了口腔智能医学的迅速发展。目的:基于口腔影像,阐述深度学习在口腔疾病诊断和治疗方案决策方面的研究现状、优势与局限性,探讨深度学习...背景:近年来深度学习技术越来越多地被运用于口腔医学领域,提高了口腔影像分析的效率及准确率,推动了口腔智能医学的迅速发展。目的:基于口腔影像,阐述深度学习在口腔疾病诊断和治疗方案决策方面的研究现状、优势与局限性,探讨深度学习技术背景下口腔医学变革的新方向。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库中2017年1月至2024年1月发表的深度学习在口腔医学影像领域应用的相关文献,检索词为“deep learning,artificial intelligence,stomatology,oral medical imaging”等,按入组标准筛选后最终纳入80篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)经典的深度学习模型包括人工神经网络、卷积神经网络、递归神经网络和生成对抗网络等,学者们以或竞争或联合的形式运用这些模型,实现更高效的对口腔医学影像的解释。(2)在口腔医学领域,疾病诊断和治疗方案的制定在很大程度上依赖医学影像资料的判读,而深度学习技术拥有强大的图像处理能力,无论是在辅助诊断龋齿、根尖周炎、牙根纵裂、牙周病、颌骨囊肿等疾病方面,还是在辅助第三磨牙拔除术、颈淋巴结清扫术等治疗操作的术前评估方面,深度学习都能帮助临床医生提高决策的准确率与效率。(3)尽管深度学习有望成为口腔疾病诊治的重要辅助工具,但它在模型技术、安全伦理、法律监管方面仍有一定的局限性,未来的研究应侧重于证明深度学习的可推广性、稳健性和临床实用性,寻找将深度学习自动化决策支持系统应用于常规临床工作流程中的最佳方式。展开更多
Identification of immunity-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases(LRR-RLK) is critical to elucidate the LRR-RLK mediated mechanism of plant immunity.Here,we reported the map-based cloning of a no...Identification of immunity-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases(LRR-RLK) is critical to elucidate the LRR-RLK mediated mechanism of plant immunity.Here,we reported the map-based cloning of a novel rice SPOTTED-LEAF 41(Os SPL41) encoding a putative LRR-RLK protein(Os LRR-RLK41/Os SPL41) that regulated disease responses to the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).An 8-bp insertion at position 865 bp in a mutant spotted-leaf 41(spl41) allele led to the formation of purple-brown lesions on leaves.Functional complementation by the wild type allele(Os SPL41) can rescue the mutant phenotype,and the complementary lines showed similar performance to wild type in a number of agronomic,physiological and molecular indices.Os SPL41 was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested,and Os SPL41 contains a typical transmembrane domain critical for its localization to the cell membrane.The mutant exhibited an enhanced level of resistance to Xoo in companion of markedly up-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes such as Os PR10a,Os PAL1 and Os NPR1,while the level of salicylic acid was significantly increased in spl41.In contrast,the over-expression lines exhibited a reduced level of H_(2)O_(2) and were much susceptible to Xoo with down-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes.These results suggested that Os SPL41 might negatively regulate plant immunity through the salicylic acid signaling pathway in rice.展开更多
文摘背景:近年来深度学习技术越来越多地被运用于口腔医学领域,提高了口腔影像分析的效率及准确率,推动了口腔智能医学的迅速发展。目的:基于口腔影像,阐述深度学习在口腔疾病诊断和治疗方案决策方面的研究现状、优势与局限性,探讨深度学习技术背景下口腔医学变革的新方向。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库中2017年1月至2024年1月发表的深度学习在口腔医学影像领域应用的相关文献,检索词为“deep learning,artificial intelligence,stomatology,oral medical imaging”等,按入组标准筛选后最终纳入80篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)经典的深度学习模型包括人工神经网络、卷积神经网络、递归神经网络和生成对抗网络等,学者们以或竞争或联合的形式运用这些模型,实现更高效的对口腔医学影像的解释。(2)在口腔医学领域,疾病诊断和治疗方案的制定在很大程度上依赖医学影像资料的判读,而深度学习技术拥有强大的图像处理能力,无论是在辅助诊断龋齿、根尖周炎、牙根纵裂、牙周病、颌骨囊肿等疾病方面,还是在辅助第三磨牙拔除术、颈淋巴结清扫术等治疗操作的术前评估方面,深度学习都能帮助临床医生提高决策的准确率与效率。(3)尽管深度学习有望成为口腔疾病诊治的重要辅助工具,但它在模型技术、安全伦理、法律监管方面仍有一定的局限性,未来的研究应侧重于证明深度学习的可推广性、稳健性和临床实用性,寻找将深度学习自动化决策支持系统应用于常规临床工作流程中的最佳方式。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072049)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202203)。
文摘Identification of immunity-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases(LRR-RLK) is critical to elucidate the LRR-RLK mediated mechanism of plant immunity.Here,we reported the map-based cloning of a novel rice SPOTTED-LEAF 41(Os SPL41) encoding a putative LRR-RLK protein(Os LRR-RLK41/Os SPL41) that regulated disease responses to the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).An 8-bp insertion at position 865 bp in a mutant spotted-leaf 41(spl41) allele led to the formation of purple-brown lesions on leaves.Functional complementation by the wild type allele(Os SPL41) can rescue the mutant phenotype,and the complementary lines showed similar performance to wild type in a number of agronomic,physiological and molecular indices.Os SPL41 was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested,and Os SPL41 contains a typical transmembrane domain critical for its localization to the cell membrane.The mutant exhibited an enhanced level of resistance to Xoo in companion of markedly up-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes such as Os PR10a,Os PAL1 and Os NPR1,while the level of salicylic acid was significantly increased in spl41.In contrast,the over-expression lines exhibited a reduced level of H_(2)O_(2) and were much susceptible to Xoo with down-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes.These results suggested that Os SPL41 might negatively regulate plant immunity through the salicylic acid signaling pathway in rice.
