表面接枝法荷正电复合纳滤膜制备及其镁锂分离性能

以哌嗪(PIP)与均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)界面聚合制备的PA纳滤膜为底膜,利用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)与氧化石墨烯(GO)混合溶液对膜表面进行接枝,并制备PEI-GOS纳滤膜.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、Zeta电位和接触角等仪器对其微观形貌、表面电荷和水接触角等进行表征.在溶液总质量浓度1000 mg/L(镁锂质量浓度比为50)的条件下,考察了纳滤膜的镁锂分离性能.结果表明,PEI-GOS纳滤膜具有致密平滑的聚酰胺层,膜表面荷正电,纯水通量可达50.1 L/(m^(2)·h·MPa),对Mg^(2+)具有良好的截留性能.PEI-GOS纳滤膜镁锂分离因子可达38.1,具备良好的镁锂分离性能.

Tensile behaviors of ecological high ductility cementitious composites exposed to interactive freeze-thaw-carbonation and single carbonation

To explore the tensile property parameters in the structural design of bridge deck link slabs made by ecological high ductility cementitious composites (Eco-HDCC), the tensile properties of Eco-HDCC exposed to interactive freeze-thaw-carbonation cycles and single carbonation cycles were studied. The carbonation front of Eco-HDCC was determined by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry-thermal gravimetric methods. Results indicate that the carbonation front of Eco-HDCC after interaction tests is deeper than that of Eco-HDCC after single carbonation tests. In addition, the ultimate tensile strength for Eco-HDCC shows an increasing trend after the interaction of 1 to 5 cycles compared with that of virgin specimens, while the ultimate tensile strength decreases after the interaction of 10 to 15 cycles. For single carbonation tests, the ultimate tensile strength of Eco-HDCC increases as cycles increase. After being subjected to interaction and single carbonation environments, both the ultimate tensile strain and tensile strain energy of Eco-HDCC decrease as cycles increase, and the decrease degrees of Eco-HDCC after interaction cycles are larger than those of Eco-HDCC after single carbonation. For general consideration, the tensile stress-strain relationship of Eco-HDCC after the interaction of 15 cycles can be adopted in the design of bridge deck link slabs for the purpose of safety.

Growth of Erbium Dihydride Films under Low Hydrogen Pressure by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Erbium dihydride thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on Si（100） substrates using erbium target under different low hydrogen pressures. The properties of these films were examined by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. Surface morphology reveals the smooth surface of these films （RMS： from 0.503 to 2.849 nm）. The presence of obviously-broadened peaks for diffraction planes （111） suggests a presence of very tiny crystallites distributed along a preferred crystallographic orientation. Transmission electron microscopy investigations confirmed the formation of tiny crystallites due to the implantation of erbium ions. Due to the increase of nominal H concentration, the intensity of the broad absorbance from 190-260 nm increased.

Preparation and Characterization of Copper-Nickel Bulk Nanocrystals

Copper-nickel nanoparticle was directly prepared by flow-levitation method （FL） and sintered by vacuum sintering of powder （VSP） method. Several characterizations, such as transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, differential thermal analysis （DTA）, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） were used to investigate the prepared nanostructures. The results of the study show that FL method could prepare high purity Cu-Ni nanocrystals of uniform spheres with size distribution between 20 and 90 nm. After sintering the bulk nanocrystalline copper-nickel has obvious thermal stability and the surface Webster hardness increases with the rising sintering temperature. At the temperature of 900 ℃, the specimen shows higher surface Webster hardness, which is about two times of traditional materials. When the sintering temperature arrives at 1 000 ℃ the relative density of bulk nanocrystals can reach 97.86 percent. In this paper, the variation tendency of porosity, phase and particles size of bulk along with the changing of sintering temperature have been studied.

Optimized Synthesis of Carbon Aerogels via Ambient Pressure Drying Process as Electrode for Supercapacitors

Carbon aerogels were synthesized via ambient pressure drying process using resorcinolformaldehyde as precursor and P123 to strengthen their skeletons. CO2 activation technology was implemented to improve surface areas and adjust pore size distribution. The synthesis process was optimized, and the morphology, structure, adsorption properties and electrochemical behavior of different samples were characterized. The CO2-activated samples achieved a high specific capacitance of 129.2 F/g in 6 M KOH electrolytes at the current density of 1 m A/cm^2 within the voltage range of 0-0.8 V. The optimized activation temperature and duration were determined to be 950 ℃ and 4 h, respectively.

快重离子辐照引起SiC纤维微结构变化

借助场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析技术,研究不同注量的246.8MeV的Ar^(16+)离子辐照SiC纤维后的表面形貌、组分、直径以及SiC晶粒大小和相态随离子注量的变化规律。SEM结果表明,随着离子注量的增加,SiC纤维直径呈现先减小后增大的趋势;最大注量(2.7×10^(15)ions/cm^(2))辐照的SiC纤维表面粗糙度显著增大,且纤维脆性断裂;同时,纤维表面碳含量随注量逐渐减小,硅含量逐渐增大,并有氧的吸附。TEM结果表明,随着离子注量的增加,SiC晶粒的尺寸先减小后增大,局部出现了非晶化;最高注量辐照后,发生了再结晶现象。

Extraordinary self-lubrication properties of non-hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films under humid atmosphere

Tribological properties of non-hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were investigated under humid (RH=80%) and dry (RH=5%) air. These films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at different substrate temperatures. Tribological properties of DLC fabricated by PLD is not sensitive to the relative humidity of testing environment. Because of the unique growth mechanism of DLC pre- pared by PLD, DLC is of "soft-hard" double layers, having a very low friction coefficient and wear rate under humid atmosphere. The minimum coefficient and wear rate of film under humid circumstance are 0.045 and 5.94×10?10 mm3N-1m-1, respectively, just a little bit more than those under dry condition. The root means square roughness of film is less than 1 nm. The sp3 content of film grown at room tem- perature (RT) is 72%, and the sp3 content decreases with temperature. Raman spectrum shows that the micro-structure is amorphous network. The largest hardness and elastic modulus of film are 51 GPa and 350 GPa, respectively and they reduce with increase of deposition temperature too. Water contact angles on surface are more than 90° which indicates that films fabricated by PLD are hydrophobic with low surface energy.

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation for hydrogen uptakes based on nanoporous NaBH_4

A new hydrogen storage route of 3D nanoporous sodium borohydride (NPSB) generated by removing special atoms is proposed in this work. Three different size pores of NPSB-1 (7), NPSB-2 (10) and NPSB-3 (14) are presented, and the hydrogen storage capacities of these NPSBs are simulated by employing a grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) procedure for a temperature range of 77-298 K and a pressure range of 0.1-100 bar. The effects of pore diameter, temperature and pressure on the hydrogen adsorption have been examined. The results show that the adsorption of hydrogen decreases and increases with increasing temperature and hydrogen pressure, respectively. It also reflects that the hydrogen adsorption capacities at higher pressures are dependent on pore diameter, while independent of pore diameter at lower pressures.