The most obvious characteristics of the Ming Great Wall are external masonry walls made of natural stones,bricks and lime mortars.According to the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the original bedding and po...The most obvious characteristics of the Ming Great Wall are external masonry walls made of natural stones,bricks and lime mortars.According to the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the original bedding and pointing mortars,dolomitic lime binder was used dominantly in the construction of the Ming Great Wall in provinces such as those around Beijing and Hebei.Calcium-rich lime and air lime with low natural hydraulically reactive phases,which are hydrated and react slowly with the carbon dioxide in air to form calcium carbonate,were used in some western provinces.Chemical and microscopic investigations show that both dolomitic and calcium-rich lime mortars are almost aggregate-free.Historic dolomitic lime mortars are characterised by high strengths,low porosities and dense micro-scale textures.The most recent conservation principle is to preserve the Ming Great Wall as a ruin.Therefore,the conservation strategy should be redefined in terms of mortars.Since some of the damage to the Great Wall is related to reactions between dolomitic lime mortars and air pollutants,calcium-rich lime binders should be used for conservation and even for restoration of those parts of the Great Wall that were originally built with dolomitic lime.Binders based on natural hydraulic lime and calcium-rich lime gauged with natural pozzolana might be more compatible than other binders"for the structural consolidation of the ruins of the GreatWall.展开更多
Traditional plasters were generally produced until about the middle of the 20^(th) century.Among traditional plasters,lime plaster in Europe occupies a position of outstanding importance.Plasters play a key role as a ...Traditional plasters were generally produced until about the middle of the 20^(th) century.Among traditional plasters,lime plaster in Europe occupies a position of outstanding importance.Plasters play a key role as a protective and decorative outer layer in the care and rehabilitation of the built heritage.To meet the needs for protecting masonry and living in historic buildings in the modern age,traditional lime plasters can be modified to fulfill technical and aesthetic functions.This paper makes an assessment of the use of traditional and modern lime plasters in Germany.The rediscovery of lime plaster as a material for use in cultural heritage conservation has led to the application of traditional and modern plasters along with advanced guidelines and standards for their production and application.In China,a kind of lime-system has recently been developed that is historically and technically compatible with the types used historically;the new types lend itself well to use in modern conservation.展开更多
基金China National Cultural Heritage Administration andsupported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(No.51978472&51738008)Open Projects Fund(No.2019010109)。
文摘The most obvious characteristics of the Ming Great Wall are external masonry walls made of natural stones,bricks and lime mortars.According to the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the original bedding and pointing mortars,dolomitic lime binder was used dominantly in the construction of the Ming Great Wall in provinces such as those around Beijing and Hebei.Calcium-rich lime and air lime with low natural hydraulically reactive phases,which are hydrated and react slowly with the carbon dioxide in air to form calcium carbonate,were used in some western provinces.Chemical and microscopic investigations show that both dolomitic and calcium-rich lime mortars are almost aggregate-free.Historic dolomitic lime mortars are characterised by high strengths,low porosities and dense micro-scale textures.The most recent conservation principle is to preserve the Ming Great Wall as a ruin.Therefore,the conservation strategy should be redefined in terms of mortars.Since some of the damage to the Great Wall is related to reactions between dolomitic lime mortars and air pollutants,calcium-rich lime binders should be used for conservation and even for restoration of those parts of the Great Wall that were originally built with dolomitic lime.Binders based on natural hydraulic lime and calcium-rich lime gauged with natural pozzolana might be more compatible than other binders"for the structural consolidation of the ruins of the GreatWall.
基金conducted with the financial and administrative support of NSFC-Grant No.51738008 and the Elite Innovation Program(2015)of Huzhou Municipal Government,Zhejiang Province,China.
文摘Traditional plasters were generally produced until about the middle of the 20^(th) century.Among traditional plasters,lime plaster in Europe occupies a position of outstanding importance.Plasters play a key role as a protective and decorative outer layer in the care and rehabilitation of the built heritage.To meet the needs for protecting masonry and living in historic buildings in the modern age,traditional lime plasters can be modified to fulfill technical and aesthetic functions.This paper makes an assessment of the use of traditional and modern lime plasters in Germany.The rediscovery of lime plaster as a material for use in cultural heritage conservation has led to the application of traditional and modern plasters along with advanced guidelines and standards for their production and application.In China,a kind of lime-system has recently been developed that is historically and technically compatible with the types used historically;the new types lend itself well to use in modern conservation.
