Co-planted barnyardgrass reduces rice yield by inhibiting plant above-and belowground-growth during post-heading stages

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.) is the most common noxious weed in rice paddies as it inhibits rice growth and reduces grain yield.To date,little information is available on above-and belowgroundgrowth changes in rice due to neighboring barnyardgrass.This study aimed to investigate the changes in root traits and shoot growth of rice when it is grown with different kinds of barnyardgrass.Japonica rice plants (var.Nanjing 9108) were co-cultured with two varieties of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.(EP,var.mitis (pursh) Petern;EH,var.zelayensis (H.B.K.) Hitchc),and E.colonum (L.) Link (EL) in the field in 2017 and 2018.Four treatments included control (i.e.,weed free rice plants) and co-cultures with each of three barnyardgrasses (EP,EH,and EL).The results revealed that EP,EH,and EL treatments significantly reduced rice grain yields by 30.6%–36.2%,42.5%–46.5%,and 10.6%–14.3%,respectively.Shoot growth including shoot dry weight,leaf photosynthetic rate,zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains,and activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains and root traits,such as length density,root dry weight,total absorbing surface area,active absorption surface area,oxidation activity,and Z+ZR contents in roots were dramatically reduced during post-heading stages of rice when grown with the three kinds of barnyardgrass.Moreover,above-mentioned rice shoot growth indices were strongly and positively correlated with root traits.These results suggested the decrease in rice shoot growth and root traits during post-heading stages contributes to the reduction in the rice yield when it grows with barnyardgrass neighbors.

Synthesis of C_(60) Nitroxide Derivatives

C60 derivatives covalently linked with the nitroxide radical of 2, 2, 6,6- tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl have been synthesized by the following new method: C60 reactswith 4-oxo-2. 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-piperidinyloxyl (4-oxo-TEMPO) and an amino acid.

Personalized day tour design for urban tourists with consideration to CO_(2) emissions

The growing awareness of climate change worldwide has led the urban tourism market to focus on balancing tourist tailored experiences and CO_(2) emissions.Therefore,designing personalized tourist routes with environ‐mental pollution consideration is preferable in this context.This study proposes an evolution algorithm based on reinforcement learning(FSRL-HA)to design a personalized day tour route that simultaneously considers the utility of tourists and the carbon emission.We conducted a case study in Chengdu,Sichuan,China,to evaluate this algorithm's performance.The results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms selected baseline methods.Furthermore,the approach can provide more diverse route choices for different tourists,and an experiment was conducted to explore how tourist preferences affect tourist utilities.

Late course shrinking gross tumor volume (GTV) and boost radiotherapy for a special left lung cancer patient whose right lung was resected: a case report

We reported a special case of a locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the left lung. Due to pulmonary tuberculosis, the patient had underwent a complete right-side pulmonary lobectomy 20 years ago. Left lung supports his life, he is unable to carry on an operation treatment, so he accepted radiotherapy. Firstly, we defined gross tumor volume (GTV1) by CT simulation location, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) was used until tumor dose reached 50 Gy/25 f. Secondly, by repeating the planning CT scan, defined GTV2, continued to radiotherapy by 2.5 Gy/f until the dose was 65 Gy/31 f. Using the same method for third CT scan, defined GTV3, continued to radiotherapy by 3 Gy/f until the total dose was 74 Gy/34 f. After radiotherapy, the patient acquired complete response and he had no obvious side-effect of radiotherapy. There has been no recurrence for 5 years now.

Optical Properties of Fullerenated Poly(epoxy propyl carbazole)

The optical properties of the fullerenated poly(epoxy propyl carbazole) (PEPC) have been investigated. Compared with pure PEPC, fullerenated PEPC has the same structure in the UV region of the absorption spectrum, and extends the active range to a longer wavelength. The apparent quenching of PEPC fluorescence was observed in the fullerenated polymer and it can be attributed to intramolecular excited state energy transfer.

Fine-Tuned Expression of Programmed Death 1 Ligands in Mature Dendritic Cells Stimulated by CD40 Ligand is Critical for the Induction of an Efficient Tumor Specific Immune Response

During maturation, murine myeloid dendritic cells （DCs） upregulated the expressions of CDllc, CD25, CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC Ⅱ and programmed death 1 ligands 1 and 2 （PD-L1 and PD-L2）. Differential expression patterns of PD-L1 and PD-L2 were found when DCs were triggered by CD40 ligand and TNF-α. PD-L1 expression was repressed and PD-L2 expression remained unchanged in mature CD40-ligated DCs, whereas TNF-α stimulated DCs kept high expression of PD-L1 and significantly enhanced PD-L2 expression on DCs. Proliferations of T lymphocytes stimulated by immature DCs were enhanced by blockade of the PD-1 and PD-1 ligand interaction. But inhibitive effects were found in T lymphocytes stimulated by CD40-ligated DCs. With the fine-tuned expressions of PD-L1 and PD-L2, CD40-1igated DCs could sustain a longer activation period and elicit a more efficient T lymphocyte activation. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.

贷款利息外费用的认定--一起印度税收事先裁定案的启示

目前,商业银行在开展贷款业务中,除了收取贷款利息外,往往还要收取前端费、承诺费等利息外费用。由于缺乏明确规定,对上述贷款利息外费用是否应当征税、如何征税的问题在实践中容易发生争议。印度事先裁定局对一起关于贷款利息外费用的税收争议进行了裁定,针对纳税人和税务机关关于贷款利息外费用是否应按照利息、技术服务费或营业利润纳税的争议,裁定认为贷款利息外费用中的部分与债权债务有关的费用应按照利息纳税。中国商业银行在开展海外贷款业务的过程中,应当主动了解东道国关于贷款利息的相关税法规定,做到依法纳税。如果发生涉税争议,可以积极运用税收事先裁定机制维护自身的合法权益。