A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four step...A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four steps is discussed. Firstly, approaches are proposed to transform four types of common judgement representations into a unified expression by the form of the IFS, and the features of unifications are analyzed. Then, the aggregation operator called the IFSs weighted averaging （IFSWA） operator is taken to synthesize decision-makers’ （DMs’） preferences by the form of the IFS. In this operator, the DM’s reliability weights factors are determined based on the distance measure between their preferences. Finally, an improved score function is used to rank alternatives and to get the best one. An illustrative example proves the proposed method is effective to valuate the ergonomics of the ACDCS.展开更多
Cascade control is one of the most popular structures for process control as it is a special architecture for dealing with disturbances. However, the drawbacks of cascade control are obvious that primary controller an...Cascade control is one of the most popular structures for process control as it is a special architecture for dealing with disturbances. However, the drawbacks of cascade control are obvious that primary controller and secondary controller should be tuned together, which influences each other. In this paper, a new Adaptive Cascade Generalized Predictive Controller (ACGPC) is introduced. ACGPC is a method issued from GPC and the inner and outer controllers of a cascade system are replaced by one cascade generalized predictive controller, where both loops model are updated by Recursive Least Squares method. Compared with existing methods, the new method is simpler and yet more effective. It can be directly integrated into commercially available industrial auto-tuning systems. Some examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.展开更多
Transmission efficiency(TE) and focal ratio degradation(FRD) are two important parameters for evaluating the quality of an optical fiber system used for astronomy. Compared to TE, the focal ratio is more easily influe...Transmission efficiency(TE) and focal ratio degradation(FRD) are two important parameters for evaluating the quality of an optical fiber system used for astronomy. Compared to TE, the focal ratio is more easily influenced by external factors, such as bending or stress. Optical cables are widely implemented for multi-object telescopes and integral field units(IFUs). The design and fabrication process of traditional optical cables seldom considers the requirements of astronomical applications. In this paper, we describe a fiber bundle structure as the basic unit for miniaturized high-density FASOT-IFU optical cables,instead of the micro-tube structure in stranded cables. Seven fibers with hexagonal arrangement were accurately positioned by ultraviolet(UV)-curing acrylate to form the bundle. The coating diameter of a fiber is0.125 mm, and the outer diameter of the bundle is 0.58 mm. Compared with the 0.8 mm micro-tube structure of a traditional stranded cable, the outer diameter of the fiber bundle was reduced by 27.5%. Fiber paste was filled into the bundle to reduce stress between the fibers. We tested the output focal ratio(OFR) in95% of the encircled energy(EE95) of the fibers in the bundle under different conditions. With the incident focal ratio F/8, the maximum difference of OFR is 0.6. In particular, when the incident focal ratio is F/5,the maximum difference of OFR is only 0.1. The jacket formed by the UV-curing acrylate can withstand a certain stress of less than 1.38 N mm-1. The fiber bundle can maintain uniform emitting characteristics with a bending radius of 7.5 cm and with tension less than 6 N. The test results show that the structure of the fiber bundle can be used as a basic unit for miniaturized high-density astronomical optical cables.展开更多
We propose a high-sensitivity bidirectional torsion sensor using a helical seven-core fiber taper embedded in multimode fiber(MHSTM).Sensors with different taper waists and helical pitches are fabricated,and their tra...We propose a high-sensitivity bidirectional torsion sensor using a helical seven-core fiber taper embedded in multimode fiber(MHSTM).Sensors with different taper waists and helical pitches are fabricated,and their transmission spectra are obtained and analyzed.The waist and length of the sandwiched seven-core fiber are finally determined to be 68 μm and3 mm,respectively.The experimental results show that the clockwise and counterclockwise torsion sensitivities of the proposed sensor are 2.253 nm/(rad/m) and-1.123 nm/(rad/m),respectively.When tapered waist diameter reduces to48 μm,a superior torsion sensitivity of 5.391 nm/(rad/m) in the range of 0-4.24 nm/(rad/m) is obtained,which is 46 times as large as the traditional helical seven-core fiber structure.In addition,the MHSTM structure is also relatively stable to temperature variations.展开更多
Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus(BmCPV)is a major pathogen of the economic insect silkworm,Bombyx mori.Virus‐encoded microRNAs(miRNAs)have been proven to play important roles in host–pathogen interactions....Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus(BmCPV)is a major pathogen of the economic insect silkworm,Bombyx mori.Virus‐encoded microRNAs(miRNAs)have been proven to play important roles in host–pathogen interactions.In this study we identified a BmCPV‐derived miRNA‐like 21 nt small RNA,BmCPV‐miR‐1,from the small RNA deep sequencing of BmCPV‐infected silkworm larvae by stem‐loop quantitative real‐time PCR(qPCR)and investigated its functions with qPCR and lentiviral expression systems.Bombyx mori inhibitor of apoptosis protein(BmIAP)gene was predicted by both target prediction software miRanda and Targetscan to be one of its target genes with a binding site for BmCPV‐miR‐1 at the 5′untranslated region.It was found that the expression of BmCPV‐miR‐1 and its target gene BmIAP were both up‐regulated in BmCPV‐infected larvae.At the same time,it was confirmed that BmCPV‐miR‐1 could up‐regulate the expression of BmIAP gene in HEK293T cells with lentiviral expression systems and in BmN cells by transfecting mimics.Furthermore,BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could up‐regulate the expression level of BmIAP gene in midgut and fat body in the silkworm.In the midgut of BmCPV‐infected larvae,BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could be further up‐regulated and inhibitors could lower the virus‐mediated expression of BmIAP gene.With the viral genomic RNA segments S1 and S10 as indicators,BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could up‐regulate and inhibitors down‐regulate their replication in the infected silkworm.These results implied that BmCPV‐miR‐1 could inhibit cell apoptosis in the infected silkworm through up‐regulating BmIAP expression,providing the virus with a better cell circumstance for its replication.展开更多
We propose and investigate a compact optical fiber sensor that aims to measure the torsion in both amount and direction with high sensitivity.This sensor is configured by a triangular-prism-shaped long-period fiber gr...We propose and investigate a compact optical fiber sensor that aims to measure the torsion in both amount and direction with high sensitivity.This sensor is configured by a triangular-prism-shaped long-period fiber grating,which is fabricated by the high frequency CO_(2) laser polished method.The unique design of the triangular-shaped structure breaks the rotational symmetry of the optical fiber and provides high sensitivity for torsion measurement.In preliminary experiments,the torsion response of the sensor achieves a good stability and linearity.The torsion sensitivity is 0.54 nm/(rad/m),which renders the proposed structure a highly sensitive torsion sensor.展开更多
The spectral purity of fiber lasers has become a critical issue in both optical sensing and communication fields.As a result of ultra-narrow intrinsic linewidth, stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering(STRS) has presen...The spectral purity of fiber lasers has become a critical issue in both optical sensing and communication fields.As a result of ultra-narrow intrinsic linewidth, stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering(STRS) has presented special potential to compress the linewidth of fiber lasers. To suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS), the most dominant disturbance for STRS in optical fibers, a semi-quantitative estimation has been established to illuminate the mechanism of suppressing SBS in a periodic tapered fiber, and it agrees with experimental results. Finally, a linewidth compression device based on STRS is integrated into a single-longitudinal-mode ring-cavity fiber laser with secondary cavities, and its linewidth is verified to be 200 Hz through a self-heterodyne detecting and Voigt fitting method.展开更多
A series of long-chain quaternary ammonium hydroxides were synthesized from tertiary amines and confirmed by ~1H NMR and FTIR.Surface properties and pH of these surfactants were investigated.The critical micelle conce...A series of long-chain quaternary ammonium hydroxides were synthesized from tertiary amines and confirmed by ~1H NMR and FTIR.Surface properties and pH of these surfactants were investigated.The critical micelle concentrations（CMC） of the synthesized quaternary ammonium hydroxides are lower than the conventional quaternary ammonium surfactants.The micelles shapes of these long-chain quaternary ammonium hydroxides in aqueous solution are spherical at a concentration of 0.1 mol/L.The pH values of the synthesized quaternary ammonium hydroxides are 12.25-12.51.展开更多
A novel phase-shifted long-period fiber grating(PS-LPFG)for the simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature is described and experimentally demonstrated.The PS-LPFG is fabricated by inserting a pretwisted stru...A novel phase-shifted long-period fiber grating(PS-LPFG)for the simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature is described and experimentally demonstrated.The PS-LPFG is fabricated by inserting a pretwisted structure into the long-period fiber grating(LPFG)written in single-mode fiber(SMF).Experimental results show that the torsion sensitivities of the two dips are?0.114 nm/(rad/m)and?0.069 nm/(rad/m)in the clockwise direction,and?0.087 nm/(rad/m)and?0.048 nm/(rad/m)in the counterclockwise direction,respectively.The temperature sensitivities of the two dips are 0.057 nm/℃ and 0.051 nm/℃,respectively.The two dips of the PS-LPFG exhibit different responses to torsion and temperature.Simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature can be implemented using a sensor.The feasibility and stabilization of simultaneous torsion and temperature measurement have been confirmed,and hence this novel PS-LPFG demonstrates potential for fiber sensing and engineering applications.展开更多
The objective of this study is to develop a bio robot with a high degree of biomechanical fidelity to the human musculoskeletal system in order to investigate the biomechanical principles underlying human walking.The ...The objective of this study is to develop a bio robot with a high degree of biomechanical fidelity to the human musculoskeletal system in order to investigate the biomechanical principles underlying human walking.The robot was designed to possess identical biomechanical characteristics to the human body in terms of body segment properties,joint configurations and 3D musculoskeletal geometries.These design parameters were acquired based on the medical images,3D musculoskeletal model and gait measurements of a healthy human subject.To satistyall the design criteria sinultaneously,metal 3D printing was used to construct the whole-body humanoid robot.Flexible artificial muscles were fabricated in accordance with the predefined 3D musculoskeletal geometries.A series of physical tests were con-ducted to demonstrate the capacity of the robot platform.The fabricated robot shows equivalent mechanical characteristics to the human body as originally designed.The results of the physical tests by systematically changing environmental conditions and body structures have successfully demonstrated the capability of the robot platform to investigate the structure-function interplay in the human musculoskeletal system and also its interaction with the environment during walking.This robot might provide a valuable and powerful physical platfornm towards studying hunan musculoskeletal biomechanics by generating new hypotheses and revealing new insights into human locomotion science.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2010CB734104)
文摘A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four steps is discussed. Firstly, approaches are proposed to transform four types of common judgement representations into a unified expression by the form of the IFS, and the features of unifications are analyzed. Then, the aggregation operator called the IFSs weighted averaging （IFSWA） operator is taken to synthesize decision-makers’ （DMs’） preferences by the form of the IFS. In this operator, the DM’s reliability weights factors are determined based on the distance measure between their preferences. Finally, an improved score function is used to rank alternatives and to get the best one. An illustrative example proves the proposed method is effective to valuate the ergonomics of the ACDCS.
基金the National 11th Five-Year Technology Support Project(No.2007BAE52B00)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi(No.2008021017)China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry for fund support
文摘Cascade control is one of the most popular structures for process control as it is a special architecture for dealing with disturbances. However, the drawbacks of cascade control are obvious that primary controller and secondary controller should be tuned together, which influences each other. In this paper, a new Adaptive Cascade Generalized Predictive Controller (ACGPC) is introduced. ACGPC is a method issued from GPC and the inner and outer controllers of a cascade system are replaced by one cascade generalized predictive controller, where both loops model are updated by Recursive Least Squares method. Compared with existing methods, the new method is simpler and yet more effective. It can be directly integrated into commercially available industrial auto-tuning systems. Some examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
基金funded by the Joint Research Fund in Astronomy under cooperative agreement between the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. U1631239 and U1831115)+1 种基金the NSFC (Grant No. 11603008)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities to Harbin Engineering University
文摘Transmission efficiency(TE) and focal ratio degradation(FRD) are two important parameters for evaluating the quality of an optical fiber system used for astronomy. Compared to TE, the focal ratio is more easily influenced by external factors, such as bending or stress. Optical cables are widely implemented for multi-object telescopes and integral field units(IFUs). The design and fabrication process of traditional optical cables seldom considers the requirements of astronomical applications. In this paper, we describe a fiber bundle structure as the basic unit for miniaturized high-density FASOT-IFU optical cables,instead of the micro-tube structure in stranded cables. Seven fibers with hexagonal arrangement were accurately positioned by ultraviolet(UV)-curing acrylate to form the bundle. The coating diameter of a fiber is0.125 mm, and the outer diameter of the bundle is 0.58 mm. Compared with the 0.8 mm micro-tube structure of a traditional stranded cable, the outer diameter of the fiber bundle was reduced by 27.5%. Fiber paste was filled into the bundle to reduce stress between the fibers. We tested the output focal ratio(OFR) in95% of the encircled energy(EE95) of the fibers in the bundle under different conditions. With the incident focal ratio F/8, the maximum difference of OFR is 0.6. In particular, when the incident focal ratio is F/5,the maximum difference of OFR is only 0.1. The jacket formed by the UV-curing acrylate can withstand a certain stress of less than 1.38 N mm-1. The fiber bundle can maintain uniform emitting characteristics with a bending radius of 7.5 cm and with tension less than 6 N. The test results show that the structure of the fiber bundle can be used as a basic unit for miniaturized high-density astronomical optical cables.
基金supported in part by the Joint Research Fund in Astronomy under Cooperative Agreement between the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Nos.U2031132 and U2031130)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12103015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities to the Harbin Engineering University。
文摘We propose a high-sensitivity bidirectional torsion sensor using a helical seven-core fiber taper embedded in multimode fiber(MHSTM).Sensors with different taper waists and helical pitches are fabricated,and their transmission spectra are obtained and analyzed.The waist and length of the sandwiched seven-core fiber are finally determined to be 68 μm and3 mm,respectively.The experimental results show that the clockwise and counterclockwise torsion sensitivities of the proposed sensor are 2.253 nm/(rad/m) and-1.123 nm/(rad/m),respectively.When tapered waist diameter reduces to48 μm,a superior torsion sensitivity of 5.391 nm/(rad/m) in the range of 0-4.24 nm/(rad/m) is obtained,which is 46 times as large as the traditional helical seven-core fiber structure.In addition,the MHSTM structure is also relatively stable to temperature variations.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31572463).
文摘Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus(BmCPV)is a major pathogen of the economic insect silkworm,Bombyx mori.Virus‐encoded microRNAs(miRNAs)have been proven to play important roles in host–pathogen interactions.In this study we identified a BmCPV‐derived miRNA‐like 21 nt small RNA,BmCPV‐miR‐1,from the small RNA deep sequencing of BmCPV‐infected silkworm larvae by stem‐loop quantitative real‐time PCR(qPCR)and investigated its functions with qPCR and lentiviral expression systems.Bombyx mori inhibitor of apoptosis protein(BmIAP)gene was predicted by both target prediction software miRanda and Targetscan to be one of its target genes with a binding site for BmCPV‐miR‐1 at the 5′untranslated region.It was found that the expression of BmCPV‐miR‐1 and its target gene BmIAP were both up‐regulated in BmCPV‐infected larvae.At the same time,it was confirmed that BmCPV‐miR‐1 could up‐regulate the expression of BmIAP gene in HEK293T cells with lentiviral expression systems and in BmN cells by transfecting mimics.Furthermore,BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could up‐regulate the expression level of BmIAP gene in midgut and fat body in the silkworm.In the midgut of BmCPV‐infected larvae,BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could be further up‐regulated and inhibitors could lower the virus‐mediated expression of BmIAP gene.With the viral genomic RNA segments S1 and S10 as indicators,BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could up‐regulate and inhibitors down‐regulate their replication in the infected silkworm.These results implied that BmCPV‐miR‐1 could inhibit cell apoptosis in the infected silkworm through up‐regulating BmIAP expression,providing the virus with a better cell circumstance for its replication.
基金supported by the Joint Research Fund in Astronomy under cooperative agreement between the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Nos.U1831115,U1631239,and U1931206)the Dean Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing(No.GXKL06190106)the Key Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2019H003)。
文摘We propose and investigate a compact optical fiber sensor that aims to measure the torsion in both amount and direction with high sensitivity.This sensor is configured by a triangular-prism-shaped long-period fiber grating,which is fabricated by the high frequency CO_(2) laser polished method.The unique design of the triangular-shaped structure breaks the rotational symmetry of the optical fiber and provides high sensitivity for torsion measurement.In preliminary experiments,the torsion response of the sensor achieves a good stability and linearity.The torsion sensitivity is 0.54 nm/(rad/m),which renders the proposed structure a highly sensitive torsion sensor.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(51575140,61377084)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Harbin(RC2016JQ006007)
文摘The spectral purity of fiber lasers has become a critical issue in both optical sensing and communication fields.As a result of ultra-narrow intrinsic linewidth, stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering(STRS) has presented special potential to compress the linewidth of fiber lasers. To suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS), the most dominant disturbance for STRS in optical fibers, a semi-quantitative estimation has been established to illuminate the mechanism of suppressing SBS in a periodic tapered fiber, and it agrees with experimental results. Finally, a linewidth compression device based on STRS is integrated into a single-longitudinal-mode ring-cavity fiber laser with secondary cavities, and its linewidth is verified to be 200 Hz through a self-heterodyne detecting and Voigt fitting method.
基金the financial support from Research Institute Technology Development Special Fund of Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2012EG11120)
文摘A series of long-chain quaternary ammonium hydroxides were synthesized from tertiary amines and confirmed by ~1H NMR and FTIR.Surface properties and pH of these surfactants were investigated.The critical micelle concentrations（CMC） of the synthesized quaternary ammonium hydroxides are lower than the conventional quaternary ammonium surfactants.The micelles shapes of these long-chain quaternary ammonium hydroxides in aqueous solution are spherical at a concentration of 0.1 mol/L.The pH values of the synthesized quaternary ammonium hydroxides are 12.25-12.51.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11527804)Joint Research Fund in Astronomy under cooperative agreement between the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Nos.U1831115 and U1631239)+3 种基金Open Project of Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics&Technology,Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CAS-KLAOT-KF201806)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities111 Project(No.B13015)the Harbin Engineering University.
文摘A novel phase-shifted long-period fiber grating(PS-LPFG)for the simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature is described and experimentally demonstrated.The PS-LPFG is fabricated by inserting a pretwisted structure into the long-period fiber grating(LPFG)written in single-mode fiber(SMF).Experimental results show that the torsion sensitivities of the two dips are?0.114 nm/(rad/m)and?0.069 nm/(rad/m)in the clockwise direction,and?0.087 nm/(rad/m)and?0.048 nm/(rad/m)in the counterclockwise direction,respectively.The temperature sensitivities of the two dips are 0.057 nm/℃ and 0.051 nm/℃,respectively.The two dips of the PS-LPFG exhibit different responses to torsion and temperature.Simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature can be implemented using a sensor.The feasibility and stabilization of simultaneous torsion and temperature measurement have been confirmed,and hence this novel PS-LPFG demonstrates potential for fiber sensing and engineering applications.
基金supported by the project of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC2001300)the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91948302 and 91848204)+2 种基金the projects of UK Engineering Physical Science Research Council(EP/KO19759/1 and EP/I033602/1)the projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52005209 and 51675222)the Chinese Postdoctoral International Exchange Program.
文摘The objective of this study is to develop a bio robot with a high degree of biomechanical fidelity to the human musculoskeletal system in order to investigate the biomechanical principles underlying human walking.The robot was designed to possess identical biomechanical characteristics to the human body in terms of body segment properties,joint configurations and 3D musculoskeletal geometries.These design parameters were acquired based on the medical images,3D musculoskeletal model and gait measurements of a healthy human subject.To satistyall the design criteria sinultaneously,metal 3D printing was used to construct the whole-body humanoid robot.Flexible artificial muscles were fabricated in accordance with the predefined 3D musculoskeletal geometries.A series of physical tests were con-ducted to demonstrate the capacity of the robot platform.The fabricated robot shows equivalent mechanical characteristics to the human body as originally designed.The results of the physical tests by systematically changing environmental conditions and body structures have successfully demonstrated the capability of the robot platform to investigate the structure-function interplay in the human musculoskeletal system and also its interaction with the environment during walking.This robot might provide a valuable and powerful physical platfornm towards studying hunan musculoskeletal biomechanics by generating new hypotheses and revealing new insights into human locomotion science.
