Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to C_(2)H_(4): From lab to fab

The global concerns of energy crisis and climate change,primarily caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),are of utmost importance.Recently,the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to high value-added multi-carbon(C_(2+)) products driven by renewable electricity has emerged as a highly promising solution to alleviate energy shortages and achieve carbon neutrality.Among these C_(2+) products,ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))holds particular importance in the petrochemical industry.Accordingly,this review aims to establish a connection between the fundamentals of electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction to ethylene(CO_(2)RRto-C_(2)H_(4)) in laboratory-scale research(lab) and its potential applications in industrial-level fabrication(fab).The review begins by summarizing the fundamental aspects,including the design strategies of high-performance Cu-based electrocatalysts and advanced electrolyzer devices.Subsequently,innovative and value-added techniques are presented to address the inherent challenges encountered during the implementations of CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) in industrial scenarios.Additionally,case studies of the technoeconomic analysis of the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process are discussed,taking into factors such as costeffectiveness,scalability,and market potential.The review concludes by outlining the perspectives and challenges associated with scaling up the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process.The insights presented in this review are expected to make a valuable contribution in advancing the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process from lab to fab.

Prognostic analysis of related factors of adverse reactions to immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer and establishment of a nomogram model

BACKGROUND Immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer has attracted widespread attention in recent years.However,the adverse reactions of immunotherapy and its relationship with patient prognosis still need further study.In order to determine the association between adverse reaction factors and prognosis,the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic prognostic analysis.By comprehensively evaluating the clinical data of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated by immunotherapy,a nomogram model will be established to predict the survival status of patients more accurately.AIM To explore the characteristics and predictors of immune-related adverse reactions(irAEs)in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy with programmed death protein-1(PD-1)inhibitors and to analyze the correlation between irAEs and patient prognosis.METHODS A total of 140 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors in our hospital from June 2021 to October 2023 were selected.Patients were divided into the irAEs group and the non-irAEs group according to whether or not irAEs occurred.Clinical features,manifestations,and prognosis of irAEs in the two groups were collected and analyzed.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the occurrence of irAEs,and the prediction model of irAEs was established.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the ability of different indicators to predict irAEs.A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the correlation between irAEs and prognosis.The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients.RESULTS A total of 132 patients were followed up,of whom 63(47.7%)developed irAEs.We looked at the two groups’clinical features and found that the two groups were statistically different in age≥65 years,Ki-67 index,white blood cell count,neutrophil count,and regulatory T cell(Treg)count(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Treg count was a protective factor affecting irAEs occurrence(P=0.030).The ROC curve indicated that Treg+Ki-67+age(≥65 years)combined could predict irAEs well(area under the curve=0.753,95%confidence interval:0.623-0.848,P=0.001).Results of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that progressionfree survival(PFS)was longer in the irAEs group than in the non-irAEs group(P=0.001).Cox proportional hazard regression analysis suggested that the occurrence of irAEs was an independent factor for PFS(P=0.006).CONCLUSION The number of Treg cells is a separate factor that affects irAEs in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy.irAEs can affect the patients’PFS and result in longer PFS.Treg+Ki-67+age(≥65 years old)combined can better predict the occurrence of adverse reactions.

WUSCHEL-related homeobox1(WOX1)regulates vein patterning and leaf size in Cucumis sativus

In plants,WUSCHEL-related homeobox1(WOX1)homologs promote lamina mediolateral outgrowth.However,the downstream components linking WOX1 and lamina development remain unclear.In this study,we revealed the roles of WOX1 in palmate leaf expansion in cucumber(Cucumis sativus).A cucumber mango fruit(mf)mutant,resulting from truncation of a WOX1-type protein(CsWOX1),displayed abnormal lamina growth and defects in the development of secondary and smaller veins.CsWOX1 was expressed in the middle mesophyll and leaf margins and rescued defects of the Arabidopsis wox1 prs double mutant.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in auxin polar transport and auxin response were highly associated with leaf development.Analysis of the cucumber mf rl(round leaf)double mutant revealed that CsWOX1 functioned in vein development via PINOID(CsPID1)-controlled auxin transport.Overexpression of CsWOX1 in cucumber(CsWOX1-OE)affected vein patterning and produced‘butterfly-shaped’leaves.CsWOX1 physically interacted with CsTCP4a,which may account for the abnormal lamina development in the mf mutant line and the smaller leaves in the CsWOX1-OE plants.Our findings demonstrated that CsWOX1 regulates cucumber leaf vein development by modulating auxin polar transport;moreover,CsWOX1 regulates leaf size by controlling CIN-TCP genes.

紫外光对乙二醛聚合物结构与性能的影响

乙二醛聚合物是我国目前应用最广的饱水木漆器文物脱水加固保护材料。文中采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和差示扫描量热等方法研究了在波长351 nm的紫外光辐照后乙二醛聚合物结构与性能的变化。结果显示,乙二醛聚合物的化学结构多为含氧五元环和六元环,其分子结构存在晶粒尺寸较小的微晶单元。乙二醛聚合物吸收紫外光后,其含氧环结构中的C—O—C键被破坏,结晶度逐渐降低且玻璃化转变现象逐渐消失。经紫外光辐照试验后,试样失水质量降低;表面逐渐产生凸起、破裂,且光泽度逐渐降低;其颜色先向橙黄色转变,随后变为浅黄色。

Artificial intelligence assisted pterygium diagnosis:current status and perspectives

Pterygium is a prevalent ocular disease that can cause discomfort and vision impairment.Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management.Recently,artificial intelligence(AI)has shown promising potential in assisting clinicians with pterygium diagnosis.This paper provides an overview of AI-assisted pterygium diagnosis,including the AI techniques used such as machine learning,deep learning,and computer vision.Furthermore,recent studies that have evaluated the diagnostic performance of AI-based systems for pterygium detection,classification and segmentation were summarized.The advantages and limitations of AI-assisted pterygium diagnosis and discuss potential future developments in this field were also analyzed.The review aims to provide insights into the current state-of-the-art of AI and its potential applications in pterygium diagnosis,which may facilitate the development of more efficient and accurate diagnostic tools for this common ocular disease.

Immune-related adverse events induced by programmed death protein-1 inhibitors from the perspective of lymphoma immunotherapy

Lymphoma,which is highly malignant,stems from lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue.Lymphoma cells express programmed death-ligand 1/2(PD-L1/PD-L2),which binds with programmed cell death 1 protein(PD-1)to establish inhibitory signaling that impedes the normal function of T cells and allows tumor cells to escape immune system surveillance.Recently,immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies such as PD-1 inhibitors(nivolumab and pembrolizumab)have been introduced into the lymphoma treatment algorithm and have shown remarkable clinical efficacy and greatly improve prognosis in lymphoma patients.Accordingly,the number of lymphoma patients who are seeking treatment with PD-1 inhibitors is growing annually,which results in an increasing number of patients developing immune-related adverse events(irAEs).The occurrence of irAEs inevitably affects the benefits provided by immunotherapy,particularly when PD-1 inhibitors are applied.However,the mechanisms and characteristics of irAEs induced by PD-1 inhibitors in lymphoma need further investigation.This review article summarizes the latest research advances in irAEs during treatment of lymphoma with PD-1 inhibitors.A comprehensive understanding of irAEs incurred in immunotherapy can help to achieve better efficacy with PD-1 inhibitors in lymphoma.

Electronic Instability of Kagome Metal CsV_(3)Sb_(5) in the 2×2×2 Charge Density Wave State

Recently discovered kagome metals AV_(3)Sb_(5)(A=K,Rb,and Cs)provide an ideal platform to study the correlation among nontrivial band topology,unconventional charge density wave(CDW),and superconductivity.The evolution of electronic structures associated with the change of lattice modulations is crucial for understanding of the CDW mechanism,with the combination of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)measurements and density functional theory calculations,we investigate how band dispersions change with the increase of lattice distortions.In particular,we focus on the electronic states around M point,where the van Hove singularities are expected to play crucial roles in the CDW transition.Previous ARPES studies reported a spectral weight splitting of the van Hove singularity around M point,which is associated with the 3D lattice modulations.Our studies reveal that this“splitting”can be connected to the two van Hove singularities at k_(z)=0 and k_(z)=π/c in the normal states.When the electronic system enters into the CDW state,both van Hove singularities move down.Such novel properties are important for understanding of the CDW transition.

Study of the 6.x nm short wavelength radiation spectra of laser-produced erbium plasmas for BEUV lithography

Beyond extreme ultraviolet(BEUV)radiation with a wavelength of 6.x nm for lithography is responsible for reducing the source wavelength to enable continued miniaturization of semiconductor devices.In this work,the Required BEUV light at 6.x nm wavelength was generated in dense and hot Nd:YAG laser-produced Er plasmas.The spectral contributions from the 4p–4d and 4d–4f transitions of singly,doubly and triply excited states of Er XXIV–Er XXXII in the BEUV band were calculated using Cowan and the Flexible Atomic Code.It was also found that the radiative transitions between multiply excited states dominate the narrow wavelength window around 6.x nm.Under the assumption of collisional radiative equilibrium of the laser-produced Er plasmas,the relative ion abundance in the experiment was inferred.Using the Boltzmann quantum state energy level distribution and Gram–Charlier fitting function of unresolved transition arrays(UTAs),the synthetic spectrum around 6.x nm was finally obtained and compared with the experimental spectrum.The spatio-temporal distributions of electron density and electron temperature were calculated based on radiation hydrodynamic simulation in order to identify the contributions of various ionic states to the UTAs arising from the Er plasmas near 6.x nm.

CORRIGENDUM:Artificial intelligence-assisted pterygium diagnosis:current status and perspectives

The authors would like to make the following change to the above article:Co-first authors:Bang Chen and Xin-Wen Fang.The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused by this error.

超大离焦量对TRIP800高强钢激光焊接接头微观组织与力学性能的影响

传统激光焊接车用先进高强钢时,经常容易发生焊接接头热影响区软化、焊缝脆化以及塌陷等影响焊接接头成形性能和力学性能的问题。针对此问题,使用超大离焦量激光焊接工艺,对1.6 mm厚度的TRIP800高强钢进行激光焊接,获得一种大尺寸的新型焊接接头,并对新型焊接接头的微观组织、硬度和力学性能进行分析。结果表明,当采用激光功率3500 W、焊接速度3 m/min、离焦量为50 mm时,能够获得形貌良好、无明显缺陷的激光焊接接头。接头热影响区的组织以残余奥氏体和马氏体组织为主,焊缝区域以马氏体组织为主。焊接接头硬度的分布曲线由焊缝区至母材区呈现逐步降低的趋势,超大离焦焊接接头的抗拉强度与母材的强度相当,断后延伸率约为无离焦接头的1.25倍,断口呈现大量的韧窝,以韧性断裂为主。对于TRIP800高强钢的新型焊接接头力学性能的提升,主要是由于较宽的焊缝区域组织,增强了抵抗裂纹的能力,分散了激光焊接时的能量集中,使焊接接头不易产生较大的内应力,成形性能较好。

重卡结构件激光-GMAW复合焊接变形数值模拟研究

利用热弹塑性有限元分析,对材料为Q235钢的重卡结构件激光-GMAW复合焊接的温度场及焊接变形进行数值模拟计算。将平面高斯热源与高斯倒锥体热源结合,建立了适用于激光-GMAW复合焊接的组合热源模型,计算所得的焊缝横截面形状和尺寸与试验吻合较好。对于整个焊接结构的焊接顺序分成多个部分进行规划,包括了两个待焊面的整体先后顺序、局部的焊接起始位置以及焊接路径选择,焊接路径包括顺序焊、分步退焊、跳焊。在结构上选取4条关键路径,并将路径上各点的z方向位移量进行标准差计算,并取平均值,作为整个结构z方向变形程度系数,建立了针对具有复杂变形趋势和变形分布的焊接结构的变形严重程度定量评估方法。将各步骤内的最优方案进行结合,最终得到的最优焊接顺序方案为先焊A面后焊B面,且B面采用跳焊路径,3号位置作为焊接起始位置。最优方案焊接变形程度系数为0.2 mm,与最差焊接方案相比,焊接变形程度系数降低了28.6%。

交替进镜法在经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术中的应用

目的探讨交替进镜法在经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术中的应用价值。方法将60例拟行经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术的肠梗阻患者随机分为实验组和对照组,各30例。实验组患者应用交替进镜法置管,对照组患者采用传统的经鼻肠梗阻导管内镜下置入法。比较两组患者一次性置管成功率、置管时间、脱管率及耐受性评分。结果实验组中29例患者一次性置管成功,对照组中21例患者一次性置管成功,实验组的成功率为96.67%,明显高于对照组的70.00%,实验组和对照组一次性置管成功率差异有统计学意义。实验组置管所用时间为(15.00±5.25)min,明显少于对照组(19.45±6.75)min;实验组脱管0例,明显低于对照组3例,实验组耐受性评分为(1.25±0.05)分,明显低于对照组(1.85±0.60)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论交替进镜法在经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术中的应用提高了置管成功率,减少置管所用时间,明显地减轻患者术中的不适,无并发症,值得临床上使用和推广。

Experimental Characterization of ALD Grown Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>Film for Microelectronic Applications

The study of high dielectric materials has received great attention lately as a key passive component for the application of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. In this paper, 50 nm thick Al2O3 thin films have been prepared by atomic layer deposition technique on indium tin oxide (ITO) pre-coated glass substrates and titanium nitride (TiN) coated Si substrates with typical MIM capacitor structure. Photolithography and metal lift-off technique were used for processing of the MIM capacitors. Semiconductor Analyzer with probe station was used to perform capacitance-voltage (C-V) characterization with low-medium frequency range. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of MIM capacitors were measured on precision source/measurement system. The performance of Al2O3 films of MIM capacitors on glass was examined in the voltage range from −5 to 5 V with a frequency range from 10 kHz to 5 MHz. Au/Al2O3/ITO/Glass MIM capacitors demonstrate a capacitance density of 1.6 fF/μm2at 100 kHz, a loss tangent ~0.005 at 100 kHz and a leakage current of 1.79 × 10−8 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm (5 V) at room temperature. Au/Al2O3/TiN/Si MIM capacitors demonstrate a capacitance density of 1.5 fF/μm2 at 100 kHz, a loss tangent ~0.007 at 100 kHz and a lower leakage current of 2.93 × 10−10 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm (5 V) at room temperature. The obtained electrical properties could indicate a promising application of MIM Capacitors.

维生素C联合碳酸氢钠在食管碘染色检查中的临床研究

目的探讨维生素C联合碳酸氢钠在食管碘染色检查中对抗碘对食管的腐蚀性副作用的有效性。方法选取200例食管碘染色患者,随机分为对照组(A组,n=100)和实验组(B组,n=100)。B组染色观察后,以维生素C生理盐水冲洗食管、胃底,再取胃底内液体测pH值;吸净液体后,用碳酸氢钠生理水溶剂冲洗食管,再用生理盐水冲洗食管和胃底,取胃底内液体测pH值。A组用生理盐水冲洗食管胃底。记录麻醉清醒时、24和72 h咽喉部不适、烧心和胸腹痛情况,并进行比较。招募40例经食管碘染色的患者,20例为A组处理方法(C组,n=20),20例为B组处理方法(D组,n=20),72 h内复查胃镜,记录C和D组胃底黏膜糜烂评分,并进行比较。结果B组较A组麻醉清醒时、24和72 h咽喉部不适、烧心和胸腹痛发生率明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);B组用维生素C处理后的pH值与用碳酸氢钠后的pH值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);D组与C组比较,72 h内胃底黏膜糜烂程度较轻,两组胃底黏膜糜烂评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论维生素C联合碳酸氢钠对抗食管碘染色后碘对食管胃底黏膜腐蚀性副作用安全、有效,可在临床上推广应用。

甲基莲心碱减轻D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤作用研究

目的研究甲基莲心碱对D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法将80只小鼠随机分为4组(n=20),在正常组和模型组小鼠给予生理盐水灌胃,而在另两实验组则分别给予小剂量(100 mg.kg^(-1))和大剂量(300 mg.kg^(-1))甲基莲心碱灌胃。然后在实验组给予D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导制备急性肝损伤模型。每组选择10只小鼠取血,分别检测血清ALT、AST、SOD、MDA、GSH、TNF-α、IL-6和IL^(-1)0水平,并取肝组织,行病理学检查,另10只小鼠用于观察存活期。结果模型组小鼠血清ALT和AST水平分别为(272.4±42.8)U/L和(497.2±62.1)U/L,甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠血清ALT和AST水平均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而以大剂量甲基莲心碱处理组为明显;模型组小鼠血清SOD和GSH水平分别为(37.5±6.2)U/m L和(11.8±2.7)μmol/L,血清MDA水平为(9.2±1.4)mol/L,甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠血清SOD和GSH水平显著高于模型组,而血清MDA水平显著低于模型组(P<0.05);模型组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL^(-1)0水平分别为(587.6±48.9)pg/ml、(153.4±18.0)pg/ml和(96.4±9.7)pg/ml,甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6水平显著降低,血清IL^(-1)0水平显著升高(P<0.05),而大剂量甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL^(-1)0水平与小剂量甲基莲心碱处理组比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);模型组小鼠12 h存活率为60.0%,24 h存活率为10.0%,小剂量甲基连心碱处理组小鼠12 h存活率为80.0%,24 h存活率为50.0%,而大剂量甲基莲心碱处理组小鼠12 h存活率为90.0%,24 h存活率为70.0%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲基莲心碱可缓解D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤,其机制可能与抑制氧化应激反应有关。

化学变脸之神奇的超浸润——推荐一个化学科普实验

自然界中有一类神奇的超浸润,如荷叶上水珠和水黾轻功“水上漂”等,这是材料表面特异的微纳超级结构和活性物质所致。效法自然,合成了两种超浸润界面剂和一种开关型的Cu(OH)2@ZIF-8纳米网膜。从自然植物–日常应用–科技发展,由浅入深,全方位地科普了神奇而又不乏科学趣味的自然现象(化学变脸),以激发青少年对于自然、科学的兴趣。

扫描速度对镀锌QP钢板零间隙远程激光点焊质量的影响

为解决镀锌板QP钢板零间隙激光点焊时所产生的高压锌蒸气对焊接接头质量的影响,提出了一种以等距螺旋线为扫描路径的远程激光点焊技术,使激光光束沿此路径在焊点区域相对工件进行高速运动,形成随光束运动的稳定匙孔。激光焊接过程中,激光光束对熔池的搅拌作用会加快高压锌蒸气从熔池中逃逸;同时,稳定匙孔的生成,为高压锌蒸气提供持续、快速、稳定的逸出通道,从而获得无气孔、无裂纹且材料损失少的焊点。采用单一变量法,研究扫描速度对焊点形貌的影响,并通过高速摄像实时记录焊接过程中熔池和高压锌蒸气的动态行为,阐述了扫描速度对匙孔形成及高压锌蒸气逸出过程的影响规律,获得了抑制气孔生成和材料烧损的优化工艺参数。与传统激光点焊工艺相比,此方法可在获得满足尺寸要求的熔合面直径的同时,抑制激光点焊中常见缺陷的生成,点焊接头的平均拉剪力达到16.5kN,较传统激光点焊提高了108%。

Electrical Properties of Compositional Al2O3 Supplemented HfO2 Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition

With advanced research for dielectrics including capacitors in DRAMs, decoupling filters in microcircuits and insulating gates in transistors, a lot of demand for the new challenging of high-k materials in semiconductor industries has been emerged. This study explores and addresses the experimental approach for composite materials with one of the major concerns of high capacitance, and low leakage, as well as ease of integration technology. The characteristics of Al2O3 supported HfO2 (AHO) thin films for a series of different Hf ratios with Al2O3 dielectrics by atomic layer deposition demonstrated as a candidate material. A composite AHO films with the homogeneous compositions of Al and Hf atoms into the Al-Hf-O mixed oxide system could stabilize the polycrystalline structure with increasing of dielectric constant (k) and decreasing of leakage current density, as well as a higher breakdown voltage than HfO2 film on its own. 70 nm thick AHO thin films with different composition of Al and Hf contents were prepared by atomic layer deposition technique on titanium nitride (TiN) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) coated Si substrates. Photolithography and metal lift-off technique were used for the device fabrication of the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structures. AHO films on TiN/SiO2/Si were measured by semiconductor analyzer and source/ measure system with probe station in the voltage range from -5 to 5 V with a frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 MHz were used to conduct capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements with low/medium frequency range and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. It was found that Au/AHO/TiN/SiO2/Si MIM capacitors demonstrate a capacitance density of 1.5 - 4.5 fF/μm2 at 10 kHz, a loss tangent of 0.02 - 0.04 at 10 kHz, dielectric constant of 11.7 - 35.5 depending on the composition and a low leakage current of 1.7 × 10-9 A/cm2 at 0.5 MV/cm at room temperature. The acquired experimental results could show the possibility of compositional alloy thin films that could potentially replace or open new market for high-k challenges in semiconductor technology.

糖皮质激素受体激动剂对神经病理性疼痛大鼠痛敏感反应的干预作用及其机制

目的:探讨糖皮质激素受体激动剂调控核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)/白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)通路对神经病理性疼痛(NPP)大鼠痛敏反应的影响机制。方法:40只SD大鼠分为对照组、模型组、NLRP3抑制剂组、治疗组,每组10只,应用坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤法诱导NPP大鼠模型,模型组按照上述方法造模,NLRP3抑制剂组按照上述方法造模后给予NLRP3抑制剂(MCC950)干预,治疗组按照上述方法造模后给予糖皮质激素受体激动剂(地塞米松)干预,对照组给予等量生理盐水。干预28 d之后,比较各组机械痛阈、热痛阈、脊髓背角形态学变化、疼痛因子[前列腺素E2(PGE2)、P物质(SP)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)]、炎症因子[白细胞介素8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)]、NLRP3/IL-1β通路蛋白表达量变化。结果:六胺银染色结果显示,模型组神经原纤维变粗并缠结,可见颗粒空泡变性,内含嗜银颗粒,提示神经元坏死,与模型组比较,NLRP3抑制剂组和治疗组大鼠的神经原纤维缠结变少,颗粒空泡变性变少。TUNNEL染色结果提示,模型组大鼠神经元凋亡率较对照组显著增多(P<0.05),NLRP3抑制剂组和治疗组神经元凋亡率较模型组显著减少(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组造模3、7、14、28 d的机械痛阈及热痛阈值显著降低(P<0.05)。模型组SP、PGE2、5-HT、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α及NLRP3、IL-1β蛋白表达量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,NLRP3抑制剂组和地塞米松治疗组3、7、14、28 d的机械痛阈及热痛阈值显著升高(P<0.05)。NLRP3抑制剂组和地塞米松治疗组SP、PGE2、5-HT、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α及NLRP3、IL-1β蛋白表达量较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。NLRP3抑制剂组和治疗组在上述指标之间的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:糖皮质激素受体激动剂可能通过下调NLRP3/IL-1β通路减轻神经病理性疼痛大鼠痛敏反应,这可能是临床上糖皮质激素治疗NPP的分子学机制。

单钳道内镜下经自然腔道胃空肠吻合术在胃出口道梗阻中的初步探索

目的探讨单钳道内镜下经自然腔道胃空肠吻合术治疗胃出口道良恶性梗阻的效果。方法2018年10月-2019年8月该院消化内镜中心通过20例猪胃及上段空肠建立离体动物模型,选择经自然腔道内镜手术(NOETS),在该模型上采用单钳道内镜下经NOTES胃空肠吻合术,以明确该手术方法治疗胃出口道梗阻的可行性及有效性。结果均成功进行胃空肠吻合,镜身可经吻合口顺利进入空肠上段,手术时间(33.6±6.5)min,金属夹8~10枚,吻合口无渗液。结论该术式成功构建胃空肠吻合,对胃出口道梗阻提供新的手术方式,为临床研究的进一步开展提供理论支持。