往返平飘式探空观测是我国研发的一种新型高空观测技术,除了具备与传统探空观测一致的上升段大气垂直廓线观测能力,同时还增加了平飘段和下降段的大气探测,自动实现了探测廓线的时空加密。利用ERA5再分析资料作为“真值”,利用往返平飘...往返平飘式探空观测是我国研发的一种新型高空观测技术,除了具备与传统探空观测一致的上升段大气垂直廓线观测能力,同时还增加了平飘段和下降段的大气探测,自动实现了探测廓线的时空加密。利用ERA5再分析资料作为“真值”,利用往返平飘式探空模拟仿真系统构造了往返式探空模拟观测,基于CMA-MESO区域模式和3D-Var同化系统进行了观测系统模拟试验(Observing System Simulation Experiments,OSSEs)。数值试验结果表明:相比传统单次上升段探空观测,往返平飘式探空在全国组网的情况下,其增加的下降段模拟探空观测,能够有效提高CMA-MESO的降水预报技巧,不同降水量级的ETS评分提高约2%~5%,同时改进要素场(温、湿场和风场)的预报,改进率约为2%~5%。此外,典型天气个例分析结果表明,增加往返平飘式探空观测能够改善模式初值偏差,从而更准确地模拟降水分布。该文的研究结论为往返平飘式探空的未来科学布局和应用提供了理论支撑。展开更多
Corn stalk samples from Anhui,Jiangxi and Shanghai were used as test materials.Their physical,chemical and thermo-chemical engineering characteristics were analyzed.The similarities and differences in properties of co...Corn stalk samples from Anhui,Jiangxi and Shanghai were used as test materials.Their physical,chemical and thermo-chemical engineering characteristics were analyzed.The similarities and differences in properties of corn stalk from the three regions were determined using SIMCA-P and SPSS software in order to obtain a proper energy utilization method of corn stalk.The results show that the corn stalk from Shanghai has significant differences from the samples of Jiangxi and Anhui.In particular,the following properties of corn stalk from Shanghai such as the contents of cellulose,calcium(Ca),iron(Fe),crude ash,volatile matter,carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and oxygen(O)are significantly different from those of Jiangxi and Anhui samples(P<0.05).While other properties such as the contents of magnesium(Mg),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),moisture,hydrogen(H),and sulfur(S)have no significant difference among samples of three regions.Compared with the corn stalk in Anhui and Jiangxi,the Shanghai samples are more suitable for the production of ethanol because of their higher ratio of cellulose to hemi-cellulose content.Because of its high content of ash and low calorific value,the Shanghai corn stalk is suitable for the gasification process instead of for direct combustion or bio-oil production.The research can provide a reference for raw material selection for biomass energy production and utilization.展开更多
文摘往返平飘式探空观测是我国研发的一种新型高空观测技术,除了具备与传统探空观测一致的上升段大气垂直廓线观测能力,同时还增加了平飘段和下降段的大气探测,自动实现了探测廓线的时空加密。利用ERA5再分析资料作为“真值”,利用往返平飘式探空模拟仿真系统构造了往返式探空模拟观测,基于CMA-MESO区域模式和3D-Var同化系统进行了观测系统模拟试验(Observing System Simulation Experiments,OSSEs)。数值试验结果表明:相比传统单次上升段探空观测,往返平飘式探空在全国组网的情况下,其增加的下降段模拟探空观测,能够有效提高CMA-MESO的降水预报技巧,不同降水量级的ETS评分提高约2%~5%,同时改进要素场(温、湿场和风场)的预报,改进率约为2%~5%。此外,典型天气个例分析结果表明,增加往返平飘式探空观测能够改善模式初值偏差,从而更准确地模拟降水分布。该文的研究结论为往返平飘式探空的未来科学布局和应用提供了理论支撑。
基金financially support by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interests(Grant 201003063-09).
文摘Corn stalk samples from Anhui,Jiangxi and Shanghai were used as test materials.Their physical,chemical and thermo-chemical engineering characteristics were analyzed.The similarities and differences in properties of corn stalk from the three regions were determined using SIMCA-P and SPSS software in order to obtain a proper energy utilization method of corn stalk.The results show that the corn stalk from Shanghai has significant differences from the samples of Jiangxi and Anhui.In particular,the following properties of corn stalk from Shanghai such as the contents of cellulose,calcium(Ca),iron(Fe),crude ash,volatile matter,carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and oxygen(O)are significantly different from those of Jiangxi and Anhui samples(P<0.05).While other properties such as the contents of magnesium(Mg),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),moisture,hydrogen(H),and sulfur(S)have no significant difference among samples of three regions.Compared with the corn stalk in Anhui and Jiangxi,the Shanghai samples are more suitable for the production of ethanol because of their higher ratio of cellulose to hemi-cellulose content.Because of its high content of ash and low calorific value,the Shanghai corn stalk is suitable for the gasification process instead of for direct combustion or bio-oil production.The research can provide a reference for raw material selection for biomass energy production and utilization.
