眼周穴位雷火灸治疗干眼症的系统评价与Meta分析

目的:系统评价眼周穴位雷火灸对干眼症的临床疗效和安全性,为后续眼周穴位雷火灸的临床应用提供循证研究依据。方法:计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国知网、万方数据库,查找国内外采用眼周穴位雷火灸对干眼症的随机对照试验(RCT)。由2位研究成员根据纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价质量后,采用Review Manager5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入7个RCT,共计患者530例,其中治疗组265例,对照组265例。Meta分析结果显示:眼周穴位雷火灸治疗干眼症在临床疗效、SⅠt、BUT方面均优于对照组:临床疗效:OR=2.44,95%CI(1.74~3.43),P<0.001;SⅠt:WMD=0.87,95%CI(0.46~1.27),P<0.001;BUT:WMD=1.44,95%CI(1.01~1.86),P<0.001。结论:眼周穴位雷火灸可有效改善干眼症患者的泪液分泌及泪膜破裂时间,该疗法安全有效。

K5M眼表分析仪与常规干眼检查对干眼泪膜分度的诊断试验

目的:探究OCULUS Keratograph 5M(简称K5M)眼表综合分析仪用于干眼泪膜分度诊断的诊断价值。方法:收集门诊通过常规干眼检查手段诊断为干眼的患者50例100眼与同时期可疑干眼的非干眼患者20例40眼,通过K5M眼表分析仪采集以上患者的即时眼表参数,包括第1次泪膜破裂时间(NIBUTf)、平均泪膜破裂时间(NIBUTav)、泪河高度(TMH),进行K5M眼表分析仪与常规干眼检查对干眼泪膜相关指标分度的诊断效能试验。结果:K5M眼表分析仪对干眼组与非干眼组NIBUTf、NIBUTav、TMH均有差异(P<0.05)。K5M眼表分析仪的NIBUTf与常规检查诊断BUT的分度诊断符合率为78.6%,ROC曲线下面积为0.795,标准误为0.042,P<0.01,95%的置信区间为(0.712,0.878);K5M眼表分析仪的NIBUTav与常规检查诊断BUT的符合率为73.6%,ROC曲线下面积为0.853,标准误为0.033,P<0.01,95%的置信区间为(0.788,0.917);K5M眼表综合分析仪的TMH与常规检查诊断SⅠt的符合率为87.9%,ROC曲线下面积为0.795,标准误为0.044,P<0.01,95%的置信区间为(0.709,0.880)。通过NIBUTf结合TMH对干眼的探究性诊断的灵敏度为98%,特异度为40%,正确指数为38%,阳性似然比1.63,阴性似然比0.05,比值比OR为32.6。通过NIBUTav结合TMH对干眼的探究性诊断的灵敏度为86%,特异度为75%,正确指数为61%,阳性似然比3.44,阴性似然比0.187,比值比OR为18.39。结论:K5M眼表分析仪能够为干眼的单一泪膜指标分度诊断提供准确可靠的诊断价值;TMH结合NIBUTf对干眼的诊断灵敏度要优于结合NIBUTav,而特异度要差于结合NIBUTav。

The Preventative Effect of Dietary Apostichopus japonicus on Intestinal Microflora Dysregulation in Immunosuppressive Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide

Sea cucumbers are recognized as food and drug resources with many nutritional benefits, and Apostichopus japonicus is a kind of sea cucumber with good quality. Processing methods have some effect on its quality. This study aimed to explore the effects of Apostichopus japonicus with three different processing methods (dried, instant, and enzymatic sea cucummbers) on intestinal microflora dysregulation using a cyclophosphamide (cy) induced immunosuppressive mouse model. The expression of lysozyme, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the intestine and gut microbiota were investigated. The results showed that three types of A. japonicus could improve mucosal immunity and regulate gut microbiota. Dietary A. japonicus could reverse microbial imbalance, including increasing the bacterial diversity, enhancing the number of Bifidobacterium, and changing the bacterial composition. The most effect was observed with dried A. japonicus. Expression of lysozyme and IgA in the intestine was significantly increased. This study identified positive effects of dietary A. japonicus on mucosal immunity, particularly on gut microbiota, suggesting that dietary A. japonicus may aid in improving mucosal immunity and preventing exogenous infection. Additionally, the processing method has some effect on immunomodulatory function.

酒精性心肌病的研究进展及其法医学鉴定

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,由过量饮酒导致的一系列疾病的发病率也在逐年升高。酒精性心肌病是指长期大量摄入乙醇,并具有典型的扩张型心肌病的血流动力学变化、症状、体征及影像学特点,同时排除其他能导致扩张型心肌病原因的一种心肌病。因缺乏特异性病理形态学改变,酒精性心肌病的法医病理学鉴定也只能建立在患者的病史和排除其他可导致心肌病原因的基础上。本文就酒精性心肌病的发病机制及法医学鉴定予以综述,以期为法医病理学工作者及临床医生提供参考。

基于CT数据的术前3D重建在胸腔镜下近肺门处良性肿瘤摘除术的应用价值

目的探讨基于CT数据的术前3D重建在胸腔镜下近肺门处良性肿瘤摘除术的应用价值。方法收集18例肺门区良性肿瘤患者的CT数据,分为研究组12例和对照组6例。研究组利用INCOOL 3D+软件进行3D重建,通过3D模型来了解肿块的解剖位置,并在3D模型指导下行胸腔镜下近肺门处良性肿瘤摘除术,评估手术效果。对照组行胸腔镜下肿瘤摘除术。结果研究组患者均得到完整、清晰的3D重建模型,手术过程顺利;术后病理:肺错构瘤6例,硬化性肺泡细胞瘤5例,神经鞘瘤1例;术后并发症咯血2例,肺漏气1例,无死亡及严重并发症发生。对照组术后病理:肺错构瘤3例,神经鞘瘤1例,炎性假瘤1例;术中中转开胸1例,修补肺动脉;术后并发咯血1例,肺漏气1例,肺栓塞1例,肺内巨大血肿1例,其中肺内巨大血肿行二次手术切除肺叶。两组患者术后随访半年均无复发。结论 3D手术设计辅助胸腔镜下近肺门处良性肿瘤摘除术的应用,使术前肺门处肿瘤的解剖结构得到清晰化,手术更加安全、精准,有一定的临床推广价值。

Runx1 is a key regulator of articular cartilage homeostasis by orchestrating YAP,TGFβ,and Wnt signaling in articular cartilage formation and osteoarthritis

Runt-related transcription factor 1(Runx1)plays a key role in cartilage formation,but its function in articular cartilage formation is unclear.We generated non-inducible and inducible Runx1-deficient mice(Runx1^(f/f)Col2α1-Cre and Runx1^(f/f)Col2α1-CreER mice)and found that chondrocyte-specific Runx1-deficient mice developed a spontaneous osteoarthritis(OA)-like phenotype and showed exacerbated articular cartilage destruction under OA,characterized by articular cartilage degradation and cartilage ossification,with decreased Col2α1 expression and increased Mmp13 and Adamts5 expression.RNA-sequencing analysis of hip articular cartilage from the Runx1^(f/f)Col2α1-Cre mice compared to that from wild-type mice and subsequent validation analyses demonstrated that Runx1 is a central regulator in multiple signaling pathways,converging signals of the Hippo/Yap,TGFβ/Smad,and Wnt/β-catenin pathways into a complex network to regulate the expression of downstream genes,thereby controlling a series of osteoarthritic pathological processes.RNA-sequencing analysis of mutant knee joints showed that Runx1’s role in signaling pathways in articular cartilage is different from that in whole knee joints,indicating that Runx1 regulation is tissue-specific.Histopathologic analysis confirmed that Runx1 deficiency decreased the levels of YAP and p-Smad2/3 and increased the levels of activeβ-catenin.Overexpression of Runx1 dramatically increased YAP expression in chondrocytes.Adeno-associated virus-mediated Runx1 overexpression in the knee joints of osteoarthritic mice showed the protective effect of Runx1 on articular cartilage damaged in OA.Our results notably showed that Runx1 is a central regulator of articular cartilage homeostasis by orchestrating the YAP,TGFβ,and Wnt signaling pathways in the formation of articular cartilage and OA,and targeting Runx1 and its downstream genes may facilitate the design of novel therapeutic approaches for OA.

The Composition of Colonic Commensal Bacteria According to Anatomical Localization in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is a multistage disease resulting from complex factors, including genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, chronic inflammation, diet, and lifestyle. Recent accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is a new and important player in the development of CRC. Imbalance of the gut microbiota, especially dysregulated gut bacteria, contributes to colon cancer through mechanisms of inflammation, host defense modulations, oxidative stress, and alterations in bacterial-derived metabolism. Gut commensal bacteria are anatomically defined as four populations： luminal commensal bacteria, mucus-resident bacteria, epithelium-resident bacteria, and lymphoid tissue-resident commensal bacteria. The bacterial flora that are harbored in the gastrointestinal （GI） tract vary both longitudinally and cross-sectionally by different anatomical localization. It is notable that the translocation of colonic commensal bacteria is closely related to CRC progression. CRC-associated bacteria can serve as a noninvasive and accurate biomarker for CRC diagnosis. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the oncogenic roles of gut bacteria with different anatomical localization in CRC progression.

Seasonal size composition and abundance distribution of Euphausia pacifica in relation to environmental factors in the southern Yellow Sea

The seasonal size structure and spatial abundance distributions of Euphausia pacifica populations were investigated in the central part of southern Yellow Sea from August 2009 to May 2010.The abundance and biomass of E.pacifica were higher in spring and summer,and lower in autumn and winter.The mean abundance and biomass(calculated by carbon)were 74.94 ind./m^3 and 8.23 mg/m^3,respectively.Females with total length(TL)ranging between 10 and 19 mm in summer had a substantial contribution to the population biomass,whereas larvae of TL of 3–7 mm in spring were the main contributor to the population abundance.The sex ratio(female:male)showed a female bias in four seasons.Its value peaked in summer,and then decreased in autumn,spring,and winter successively.Cohort analysis revealed that the length-frequency distribution of E.pacifica could be characterized as one group with large animals(mean TL>12 mm)accompanied by one or two subgroups of small individuals(mean TL<7 mm).Regarding the spatial distribution,juveniles and adults of E.pacifica tend to concentrate in relatively deep water with low temperature(～11℃)and high salinity(>32),whereas its larvae showed more abundance in inshore water with rich chlorophyll a,low salinity(<32),and warm temperature(>11℃),especially in summer and autumn.Associations changed seasonally between stage-specific abundance and environmental factors.

近视的炎症反应机制及抗炎治疗的研究进展

近视是全球性重大卫生问题,中国更是近视大国,发病率和总人数居世界首位。目前认为炎症反应在近视发展过程中有重要作用。抗氧化、抗新生血管及巩膜交联术等方法均可通过抑制炎症发挥治疗近视的作用,从而有效地控制近视及其并发症,因此调控炎症也是新药研发的一个重要方向。现笔者对炎症反应在近视发展过程中的作用及其相关药物的研究进展进行综述,以期为治疗与防控近视提供新的思路。

杞参方调控高渗诱导的干眼模型小鼠MAPK通路机制

目的:基于MAPK通路观察杞参方对高渗诱导的干眼模型小鼠的效应。方法:实验研究。2021年1月将60只BALB/c小鼠按照随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组、西药组以及杞参方颗粒高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。对照组不做任何处理,其余各组小鼠使用高渗盐水建立干眼模型。成模后,模型组继续高渗盐水点眼;西药组给予高渗盐水联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液点眼;杞参方高、中、低剂量组分别给予高渗盐水点眼联合杞参方4.80、2.40、1.20 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)灌胃,1次/d。给药14 d后测定泪液分泌试验(SⅠT)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(FL);电镜观察角膜上皮细胞超微结构;Western Blot分别检测角膜组织中c-Jun氨基末端激酶1(JNK1)、磷酸化-JNK1(p-JNK1)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)、磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p-p38)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1(ERK1)、磷酸化-ERK1(p-ERK1)蛋白表达。多组间数据比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果:与对照组相比,模型组和各给药组小鼠SⅠT、BUT、FL均明显受到损害(P<0.01),角膜组织中p-JNK1、p-p38、p-ERK1表达均显著增高(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,给药组SⅠT、FL、BUT均有改善(P<0.05),各用药组的p-JNK1及杞参方高、中剂量组的p-p38、p-ERK1表达均减少(P<0.05)。与西药组相比,杞参方高剂量组的SⅠT增加(P=0.048),杞参方高、中剂量组FL有所改善(P=0.004、0.014),杞参方高剂量组的p-JNK1、p-p38、p-ERK1表达减少(P=0.017、0.003、0.001)。电镜显示杞参方各用药组角膜上皮微绒毛数量及规则程度要优于模型组与西药组。结论:杞参方可有效改善高渗诱导干眼模型小鼠的SⅠT、BUT、FL及角膜上皮细胞微绒毛形态,减少角膜组织JNK1、p38MAPK、ERK1蛋白的磷酸化表达。

Association between porpoise presence and fish choruses:implications for feeding strategies and ecosystem-based conservation of the East Asian finless porpoise

The associations between feeding activities and environmental variables inform animal feeding tactics that max-imize energetic gains by minimizing energy costs while maximizing feeding success.Relevant studies in aquatic animals,particularly marine mammals,are scarce due to difficulties in the observation of feeding behaviors in aquatic environments.This data scarcity concurrently hinders ecosystem-basedfishery management in the context of small toothed-cetacean conservation.In the present study,a passive acoustic monitoring station was deployed in an East Asianfinless porpoise habitat in Laizhou Bay to investigate potential relationships between East Asianfinless porpoises and their prey.The data revealed that porpoises were acoustically present nearly every day during the survey period.Porpoise detection rates differed between spring and autumn in concert with activities offish choruses.During spring,fish choruses were present throughout the afternoon,and this was the time when porpoise vocalizations were the most frequently detected.During autumn,whenfish choruses were absent,porpoise detec-tion rates decreased,and diurnal patterns were not detected.The close association betweenfish choruses andfin-less porpoise activities implies an“eavesdropping”feeding strategy to maximize energetic gains,similar to other toothed cetaceans that are known to engage similar feeding strategies.Underwater noise pollution,particularly those maskingfish choruses,could interruptfinless porpoises’feeding success.Fisheries competing soniferousfishes withfinless porpoise could impactfinless porpoise viability through ecosystem disruption,in addition tofishing gear entanglement.

Tensile and Fracture Properties of 15 vol% SiC_p/2009Al Composites Fabricated by Hot Isostatic Pressing and Hot Extrusion Processes

15 vol% silicon carbide particle （SiCp）-reinforced 2009A1 matrix （15 vol% SiCp/2009A1） composites were fabricated by hot isostatic pressing （HIP） and hot extrusion processes. The tensile and fracture properties of 15 vol% SiCp/ 2009Al were studied. The results showed that hot extrusion increased the ultimate tensile strength （UTS）, yield strength （YS）, elongation （EL）, reduction in area （RA）, and fracture toughness of the composites. The heat treatment resulted in the increase in UTS, YS, and fracture toughness, but a decrease in EL and RA. Both hot extrusion and heat treatment had negligible effects on elastic modulus （E）. With the increase of SiCp size, the UTS, YS, and E decreased, but the EL and RA increased. The fracture toughness increased first and then decreased with increasing SiCp size, and when the SiCp size was about 7 μm, the composites obtained the maximum fracture toughness value of 31.74 MPa m^1/2.

Gut Microbiome Alterations in COVID-19

Since the outset of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the gut microbiome in COVID-19 has garnered substantial interest,given its significant roles in human health and pathophysiology.Accumulating evidence is unveiling that the gut microbiome is broadly altered in COVID-19,including the bacterial microbiome,mycobiome,and virome.Overall,the gut microbial ecological network is significantly weakened and becomes sparse in patients with COVID-19,together with a decrease in gut microbiome diversity.Beyond the existence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2(SARS-CoV-2),the gut microbiome of patients with COVID-19 is also characterized by enrichment of opportunistic bacteria,fungi,and eukaryotic viruses,which are also associated with disease severity and presentation.Meanwhile,a multitude of symbiotic bacteria and bacteriophages are decreased in abundance in patients with COVID-19.Such gut microbiome features persist in a significant subset of patients with COVID-19 even after disease resolution,coinciding with‘long COVID’(also known as postacute sequelae of COVID-19).The broadly-altered gut microbiome is largely a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its downstream detrimental effects on the systemic host immunity and the gut milieu.The impaired host immunity and distorted gut microbial ecology,particularly loss of low-abundance beneficial bacteria and blooms of opportunistic fungi including Candida,may hinder the reassembly of the gut microbiome post COVID-19.Future investigation is necessary to fully understand the role of the gut microbiome in host immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection,as well as the long-term effect of COVID-19 on the gut microbiome in relation to the host health after the pandemic.

CDK4/6信号通路靶向治疗剂在癌症治疗中的研究进展

多数癌症的发生发展都具有细胞周期高度活化的特性。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4/6 (CDK4/6)不仅在细胞有丝分裂中发挥了巨大作用,而且参与了衰老、凋亡和组蛋白调节等诸多生物学过程,并在多种癌症的发生发展中被异常激活。FDA批准了Palbociclib、Ribociclib和Abemaciclib等3种靶向CDK4/6的抑制剂,在临床上也取得了显著的疗效,有效地延长了内分泌治疗耐药的乳腺癌患者以及其他多种类型癌症患者的生存期。但这些抑制剂的临床应用也面临着获得性耐药等问题。文中综述了CDK4/6参与的生物调控过程,及其抑制剂在癌症治疗中的应用和面临的耐药性挑战。

Interplays between drugs and the gut microbiome

The gut microbiota is considered a key‘metabolic organ’.Its metabolic activities play essential roles complementary to the host metabolic functions.The interplays between gut microbes and commonly used non-antibiotic drugs have garnered substantial attention over the years.Drugs can reshape the gut microorganism communities and,vice versa,the diverse gut microbes can affect drug efficacy by altering the bioavailability and bioactivity of drugs.The metabolismof drugs by gut microbial action or by microbiota–host cometabolism can transform the drugs into various metabolites.Secondary metabolites produced from the gut microbial metabolismof drugs contribute to both the therapeutic benefits and the side effects.In view of the significant effect of the gut microbiota on drug efficiency and clinical outcomes,it is pivotal to explore the interactions between drugs and gut microbiota underlying medical treatments.In this review,we describe and summarize the complex bidirectional interplays between gut microbes and drugs.We also illustrate the gut-microbiota profile altered by non-antibiotic drugs,the impacts and consequences of microbial alteration,and the biochemical mechanism of microbes impacting drug effectiveness.Understanding how the gut microbes interact with drugs and influence the therapeutic efficacy will help in discovering diverse novel avenues of regulating the gut microbes to improve the therapeutic effects and clinical outcomes of a drug in precision.

An analytical approach to modeling stress-strain relationship of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites

An analytical model was established to simulate the stress-strain curves of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites by the classical stress equilibrium equation and secant modulus method,where particle cracking and matrix tearing were taken into consideration.The stress-strain curves of the composites predicted by the model fit the experimental curves very well.The stressstrain relationship of the matrix affected by the particles is predicted exactly,and it is found that the yield stress of the matrix is influenced obviously by the particle content.The yield strength of the composites is also predicted by the model,and the results fit the experimental data very well.

Supplementation with L-Carnitine Rescues Sperm Epigenetic Changes in Asthenospermic Male Semen with Altered Acetyl-L-Carnitine Levels

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the concentration of L-carnitine in semen and sperm parameters and investigate the epigenetic profile in sperm cell after L-carnitine usage.Methods:From February 2017 to February 2018,46 semen samples from asthenospermic males and 41 semen samples from healthy donors were acquired.Motility parameters were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis(CASA,n=78)and the DNA fragmentation index(DFI)was evaluated through flow cytometry(n=86),%DFI=%cells outside main population.Other oxidative stress markers,such as reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels(n=86)and the mitochondria DNA copy numbers,were detected(n=78).The concentration of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine was detected(n=82),and methylation was analyzed(n=30).After that,we collected 13 fresh semen samples from asthenospermic males and 23 fresh semen samples from healthy donors.These samples were used in a freeze-thaw model that was used to determine whether adding L-carnitine could change sperm progressive motility(n=23),apoptosis index(n=9),and methylation analysis(n=7).In total,we have done 13 asthenospermia samples for Western blot,and except for the poor Western result,we analyzed 6 samples for H3K9ac detection,7 samples for H3K9m3 and H3K27m3 detection,and immunofluorescence(n=3).Finally,we had recruited 30 volunteers,and they were given oral administration of L-carnitine for 3 months and then collected semen samples at different time points for methylation analysis.Results:The concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine is negatively correlated with the%DFI value(r^2=0.1090;P=0.0026),and the concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine is positively correlated with sperm forward motility(r^2=0.0543;P=0.0458)and ROS(r^2=0.1854;P<0.0001),and the acetyl-L-carnitine level is negatively correlated with%DFI in asthenospermia(r^2=0.1701;P=0.0066),and the level of acetyl-L-carnitine in asthenospermic semen is significantly lower than the normal group(P=0.0419).In addition,this study indicates that adding L-carnitine significantly improved sperm motility(P=0.0325)and reduced sperm apoptosis(P=0.0032).Importantly,Western blotting(P=0.0429)and immunofluorescence staining results showed that the addition of L-carnitine reduced H3K9Me3 methylation level in sperm,respectively.Furthermore,semen samples from asthenospermic patients had reduced methylation levels in a specific region(16^thP=0.0003;17^thP=0.0016)of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)promoter.The 16^th methylation decreased with age(r^2=0.1564;P=0.0306),and the 17^th methylation was decreased after treatment with L-carnitine for 28 days(P=0.0341).Conclusion:L-carnitine can reduce the%DFI and also affect the methylation of the histone modification marker in sperm as a possible epigenetic regulator.

COVID-19 induces new-onset insulin resistance and lipid metabolic dysregulation via regulation of secreted metabolic factors

Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in COVID-19 patients were recently reported with unclear mechanism.In this study,we retrospectively investigated a cohort of COVID-19 patients without pre-existing metabolic-related diseases,and found new-onset in suli n resista nee,hyperglycemia,and decreased HDL-C in these patie nts.Mecha nistically,SARS-CoV-2 infecti on in creased the expression of RE1-silencing transcription factor(REST),which modulated the expression of secreted metabolic factors including myeloperoxidase,apelin,and myostatin at the transcriptional level,resulting in the perturbation of glucose and lipid metabolism.Furthermore,several lipids,including(±)5-HETE,(±)12-HETE,propionic acid,and isobutyric acid were identified as the potential biomarkers of COVID-19-induced metabolic dysregulation,especially in insulin resistance.Taken together,our study revealed insulin resistance as the direct cause of hyperglycemia upon COVID-19,and further illustrated the underlying mechanisms,providing potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19-induced metabolic complications.

Multi-omic analyses identify mucosa bacteria and fecal metabolites associated with weight loss after fecal microbiota transplantation

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)has shown promising results in animal models of obesity,while results in human studies are inconsistent.We aimed to determine factors associated with weight loss after FMT in nine obese subjects using serial multi-omics analysis of the fecal and mucosal microbiome.The mucosal microbiome,fecal microbiome,and fecal metabolome showed individual clustering in each subject after FMT.The colonic microbiome in patients showed more marked variance after FMT compared with the duodenal microbiome,characterized by an increased relative abundance of Bacteroides.Subjects who lost weight after FMT sustained enrichment of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Alistipes onderdonkii in the duodenal,colonic mucosal,and fecal microbiome and increased levels of phosphopantothenate biosynthesis and fecal metabolite eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),compared with those without weight loss.Fecal levels of amino acid metabolism-associated were positively correlated with the fecal abundance of B.bifidum,and fatty acid metabolism-associated metabolites showed positive correlations with A.onderdonkii.

Effects of latitude gradient and seasonal variation on the community structure and biodiversity of commercially important crustaceans in the Yellow Sea and the northern East China Sea

To evaluate the spatio-temporal variations in the community structure and biodiversity of commercially important crustaceans in the Yellow Sea and the northern East China Sea(NECS),the seasonal and regional changes in species composition,biomass structure,biodiversity and distribution of commercially important species were analyzed using bottom trawl survey data during 2014-2015.The results showed that the latitudinal gradient was obvious in species richness,dominant species and biodiversity.The indices of biodiversity increased with the decreasing latitude.When the sampling sites shifted south by one latitudinal degree,Margalefs richness index(D),Pielou's evenness index(J')and Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')increased by 0.10.0.03 and 0.09,respectively.The biomass proportion of the cold-temperate species represented by Crangon affinis declined with the decreasing latitude,and the warm-temperate species represented by Ovalipes punctatus and Portunus trituberculatus in creased.Because of the growth regulatio n of crustaceans and the fishing moratorium,the biomass of commercially important crustaceans in the Yellow Sea and NECS was highest in October and August,respectively.Salinity had a more significant influence on H'of commercially important crustaceans than other environmental factors(including zooplankton density,sea bottom temperature and water depth).Overall,the results of this study contribute to a better understanding of community dynamics of crustaceans in the Yellow Sea and NECS,and provide evidence to verify the latitudinal gradient theory in biodiversity.