Phenolic compounds and hepatoprotective potential of Anastatica hierochuntica ethanolic and aqueous extracts against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Anastatica hierochuntica ethanolic(KEE),aqueous(KAE)extracts,and their combination against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.METHODS:The HPLC analysis for KEE and KAE was quantitatively carried out.Biochemical liver markers,antioxidant enzymes,and histopathological alterations were examined then total hepatoprotection potential was calculated.RESULTS:Among 9 identified phenolic compounds(PC)in KEA,sinapic acid was the highest while syringic acid was the highest among 21 identified PC in KAE.Six flavonoids were identified in KEE and two in KAE using HPLC,respectively.Oral administration of KEE,KAE,and KEE+KAE at 250 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bilirubin(TBILI),and also attenuated histopathological changes.Additionally,they reduced malondialdehyde(MOD),restored reduced-glutathione(GSH),and enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.KEE,KAE,and KEE+KAE protected the liver from CCl4-hepatotoxicity as they mainly attenuating oxidative stress.Total hepatoprotection was about 128.3%,114.5%,and 103.8%for KEE,KAE,and KEE+KAE,respectively.CONCLUSION:Biochemical observations,supplemented by histopathological examination revealed that AH affords extract-depending protection against CCl4-hepatotoxicity.

Comparative characterization and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from male rat hair follicles and bone marrow

Clinical applications of cell therapy and tissue regeneration under different conditions need a multiplicity of adult stem cell sources.Up to date,little is available on the comparative isolation,characterization,proliferation,rapid amplification,and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)isolated from living bulge cells of the hair follicle(HF)and bone marrow(BM)from the same animal.This work hopes to use HF-MSCs as an additional adult stem cell source for research and application.After reaching 80%confluence,the cell counting,viability%,and yields of HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs were nearly similar.The viability%was 91.41±2.98 and 93.11±3.06 while the cells yield of initial seeding was 33.15±2.76 and 34.22±3.99 and of second passage was 28.76±1.01 and 29.56±3.11 for HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs respectively.Clusters of differentiation(CDs)analysis revealed that HF-MSCs were positively expressed CD34,CD73 and CD200 and negatively expressed CD45.BM-MSCs were positively expressed CD73 and CD200 and negatively expressed of CD34 and CD45.The proliferation of HFMSCs and BM-MSCs was determined by means of incorporation of Brd-U,population doubling time(PDT)assays and the quantity of formazan release.The percentage of Brd-U positive cells and PDT were relatively similar in both types of cells.The proliferation,as expressed by the quantity of formazan assay in confluent cells,revealed that the quantity of release by BM-MSCs was slightly higher than HF-MSCs.Adipogenic differentiated BM-MSCs showed moderate accumulation of oil red-O stained lipid droplets when compared to that of HF-MSCs which exhibited high stain.The total lipid concentration was significantly higher in adipogenic differentiated HF-MSCs than BMMSCs(P<0.05).It was found that activity of bone alkaline phosphatase and calcium concentration were significantly higher(P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively)in osteogenic differentiated BM-MSCs than that of HF-MSCs.The present findings demonstrate that the HF-MSCs are very similar in most tested characteristics to BM-MSCs with the exception of differentiation.Additionally;no issues have been reported during the collection of HF-MSCs.Therefore,the HF may represent a suitable and accessible source for adult stem cells and can be considered an ideal cell source for adipogenesis research.