It is unknown whether the famous sex-related difference in emotion processing is accounted for by biological sex,gender role,or their interaction.To clarify the issue,in Study 1 we recorded event-related potentials in...It is unknown whether the famous sex-related difference in emotion processing is accounted for by biological sex,gender role,or their interaction.To clarify the issue,in Study 1 we recorded event-related potentials in response to negative and positive images of diverse intensities when 47 masculine(26 males)and 47 feminine(22 males)subjects performed a non-emotional task.The occipital P1 and N1 amplitudes were larger in women than in men,while feminine subjects showed larger N1 amplitudes than masculine subjects,regardless of sex.Moreover,feminine subjects showed enhanced frontocentral N2(210–270 ms)amplitudes for highly and mildly negative than for neutral stimuli,while masculine subjects showed an emotion effect only for highly negative stimuli.The feminine-specific effect for mildly negative stimuli was positively correlated to the feminine score,and this correlation was located to the anterior cingulate and the superior and medial frontal gyri.Furthermore,feminine but not masculine subjects showed enhanced parietal P3(330–560 ms)amplitudes for highly and mildly positive than for neutral stimuli,an effect positively related to the feminine score and localized to the precuneus,posterior cingulate,and superior temporal gyrus.Machine learning analyses verified that single-trial N2 and P3 amplitudes of feminine subjects reliably discriminated the intensity of negative and positive stimuli,respectively.For ecological considerations,in Study 2 we used an observational approach(n=300)and confirmed that feminine gender role,rather than biological sex,predicted individual differences in daily experience of emotion-related psychopathological symptoms.These findings provide solid evidence for the critical impact of gender role rather than sex on emotional susceptibility.展开更多
Rumination,as a clinical manifestation and pathogenic factor of depression,has long been the focus of psycho-logical research regarding its causes and ameliorating approaches.Behavioral studies have shown that rumina-...Rumination,as a clinical manifestation and pathogenic factor of depression,has long been the focus of psycho-logical research regarding its causes and ameliorating approaches.Behavioral studies have shown that rumina-tion is related to inhibitory control deficits,which provides ideas for reducing it.However,the neural relationship between them has not been clearly discussed.In this study,we first used multi-level kernel density analysis to conduct two meta-analyses of published functional magnetic resonance imaging studies:one was rumination comprising 17 studies with 180 foci,and the other was inhibitory control comprising 205 studies with 3791 foci.Conjunction analysis was then performed to explore the common brain regions and further decode them through Neurosynth to confirm the cognitive specificity.Results showed that rumination was mainly related to the default mode network(DMN),while inhibitory control was associated with the frontoparietal network(FPN).In addition,the common activation areas were mainly concentrated in the bilateral precuneus,right supe-rior frontal gyrus,bilateral median cingulate,paracingulate gyri,and the left triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus(IFG).Decoding results also revealed they were involved in inhibition,memory retrieval,and self-related processes.Our findings support that rumination is associated with inhibitory control and can be explained neu-rologically by an antagonistic relationship between the DMN and FPN.In sum,inhibitory control may be related to rumination via inhibiting task-unrelated attention and controlling self-related processing.This research will help us understand and predict rumination from the perspective of inhibitory control and reduce rumination through behavioral training of inhibitory control or the application of neuromodulation techniques to common activation regions.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671164,31970980,and 31971018)a Guangdong Key Basic Research Grant(2018B030332001)+2 种基金Shenzhen Basic Research Project(JCYJ20180305124305294)the Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science(2019SHIBS0003)the Shenzhen Education Science Program(ybzz19014).
文摘It is unknown whether the famous sex-related difference in emotion processing is accounted for by biological sex,gender role,or their interaction.To clarify the issue,in Study 1 we recorded event-related potentials in response to negative and positive images of diverse intensities when 47 masculine(26 males)and 47 feminine(22 males)subjects performed a non-emotional task.The occipital P1 and N1 amplitudes were larger in women than in men,while feminine subjects showed larger N1 amplitudes than masculine subjects,regardless of sex.Moreover,feminine subjects showed enhanced frontocentral N2(210–270 ms)amplitudes for highly and mildly negative than for neutral stimuli,while masculine subjects showed an emotion effect only for highly negative stimuli.The feminine-specific effect for mildly negative stimuli was positively correlated to the feminine score,and this correlation was located to the anterior cingulate and the superior and medial frontal gyri.Furthermore,feminine but not masculine subjects showed enhanced parietal P3(330–560 ms)amplitudes for highly and mildly positive than for neutral stimuli,an effect positively related to the feminine score and localized to the precuneus,posterior cingulate,and superior temporal gyrus.Machine learning analyses verified that single-trial N2 and P3 amplitudes of feminine subjects reliably discriminated the intensity of negative and positive stimuli,respectively.For ecological considerations,in Study 2 we used an observational approach(n=300)and confirmed that feminine gender role,rather than biological sex,predicted individual differences in daily experience of emotion-related psychopathological symptoms.These findings provide solid evidence for the critical impact of gender role rather than sex on emotional susceptibility.
基金supported by Nature Science Foundation of China(ref.31900806)to R.ZhangThe University of Hong Kong May Endowed Professorship in Neuropsychology and The Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(ref.2018B030334001)to T.Lee.
文摘Rumination,as a clinical manifestation and pathogenic factor of depression,has long been the focus of psycho-logical research regarding its causes and ameliorating approaches.Behavioral studies have shown that rumina-tion is related to inhibitory control deficits,which provides ideas for reducing it.However,the neural relationship between them has not been clearly discussed.In this study,we first used multi-level kernel density analysis to conduct two meta-analyses of published functional magnetic resonance imaging studies:one was rumination comprising 17 studies with 180 foci,and the other was inhibitory control comprising 205 studies with 3791 foci.Conjunction analysis was then performed to explore the common brain regions and further decode them through Neurosynth to confirm the cognitive specificity.Results showed that rumination was mainly related to the default mode network(DMN),while inhibitory control was associated with the frontoparietal network(FPN).In addition,the common activation areas were mainly concentrated in the bilateral precuneus,right supe-rior frontal gyrus,bilateral median cingulate,paracingulate gyri,and the left triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus(IFG).Decoding results also revealed they were involved in inhibition,memory retrieval,and self-related processes.Our findings support that rumination is associated with inhibitory control and can be explained neu-rologically by an antagonistic relationship between the DMN and FPN.In sum,inhibitory control may be related to rumination via inhibiting task-unrelated attention and controlling self-related processing.This research will help us understand and predict rumination from the perspective of inhibitory control and reduce rumination through behavioral training of inhibitory control or the application of neuromodulation techniques to common activation regions.
